-rus), cf. figura], f., birth. Fig., nature, character (innate), disposition, quality: natura loci (position of the ground). — Also, the power of growth, nature (natural phenomena).

rātus (gna-), see nascor. . naufragus, see navifragus. nauta, -ae, [prob. borrowed fr. Gr. vaurs], (also navita), [perhaps original fr. †navi-, or worked over by popular etymology], m., a sailor, | a seaman, a mariner, a boatman, a ferry-man. Nautēs, -is, [?], m., a Trojan, companion of Æneas. nauticus, -a, -um,| ,[†nauta-(weakened) cus], adj., of sailors: clamor (of the sailors); pinus (manned by seamen). nāvālis, -e, [†nav- (earlier form?) +alis], adj., of ships, naval, nautical: corona (made in form of beaks of ships, the honor of a naval engagement).- Neut. plur., (sc. castra), ship-yards, docks; also? (as subst.), ship stores, materials, rigging.

nāvifragus, -a, -um, [†navi-fragus (fragus, cf. frango)], adj., wrecking ships, dangerous.

-

Pass., shipwrecked. nāvigium, -ī (-ii), [†navigŏ- (see navigo) reduced + ium], n., a boat, a vessel, a ship. nāvigo, -āvi, -ātum, -āre, [†navigo (†navi-agus, cf. prodigus)], I. v. n., sail, set sail, embark. - With cognate acc., sail upon, navigate, traverse. nāvis, -is, [√nu (strengthened) as stem, with added -i, cf. vaûs], f., a ship, a boat, a vessel, a fleet (in plural).

năvita, see nauta.

Naxus (-os), -1, [Gr. Nágos], f., one

of the Cyclades.

në (ni),[unc. case-form, pron.na], adv. (only in special forms of speech), no, not. —With quidem, not even, not either. With dum and dummodo (cf. modo ne),

so long as not, provided not. With other particles requiring the subjunctive, ut, utinam. In composition, cf. neque, nemo, etc. -In hortatory forms of speech: ne crede colori.- Conj., with subjunctive (orig. the adverb with hortatory forms), that not, that no, &c., lest, not to.- With verbs of fearing (perh. hortatory in origin), that lest.

-ne (n') [prob. same word as nē, cf. -ne in sense of nonne], enclitic interrogative, whether (but usually omitted in Eng. in direct questions). Also in double questions in second place, or. Also,

= nonne, whether not, is not, do not, &c.

Neaera, -ae, [Gr. Néaipa], f., a rustic maid.

Nealcēs, -ae, [Gr.], m., a Trojan. nebula, -ae, [stem akin to nubes

---

+la], f., a mist, a fog, a cloud. nec(nèque), [nē (shortened)-que], conj., and not, neither, nor, and yet not. With et, not. . . and, not... and yet, not . . but.nec non (et), and also, nor less, so too, then too, as well. necdum, see nec and dum. necesse (-um, -us, -is), [petrified case-form of unc. origin], adj. and adv., necessary, fated, required.With est, it is necessary, it must be that, one cannot but. necō, -āvi, -ātum, -āre, [†nec(of nex)], 1. v. a., kill, put to death.

nectar, aris, [Gr. vékтap], n., nectar (the drink of the gods). Less exactly, of other drinks. necto, nexui, nexum, nectere, [√nec, cf. plecto], 3. v. a., bind, tie, twine. Of the effect, tie (make by tying), twine. — Fig., spin out, frame, weave. With change of point of view (cf. circumdo), encircle, twine with. nexus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., close-twined, clinging.

nefandus, -a, -um, [nē (short

ened) fandus (see for)], adj., unspeakable (cf. infandus), horrible, accursed, impious, criminal (cf. nefas), godless: gens; enses; odia (unutterable). Neut. as subst., crime, wrong. nefas [nē (shortened) -fas], n. indecl., impiety, wrong, crime, sacrilege, an impious deed: nefas dictu (horrible to tell). With est (often omitted), it is impious (a crime, wrong, &c.).— Concretely, an impious creature, a curse, a tale of crime. In a kind of apposition as an exclamation, oh horror! (cf. infandum).

negỗ, -āvī, -ātum, -āre, [?, perh. ne-aio, in its earlier form, through noun-stem], I. v. n. and a., (say no), say. not, deny, say that no, &c. Also, refuse, deny (one

anything), decline. Nemea, -ae, [Gr. Neμén], f., a city of Argolis, near which Hercules killed the Nemean lion. nēmō, -inis, [ne-homo (hemo)], m., no man, no one, nobody. Almost degenerated into a pronoun. nemorōsus, -a, -um, [+nemor + osus], adj., woody, well-wooded. nempe [nam-pe, of unc. orig., perh. dialectic form of que, cf. quippe], conj., no doubt, surely, certainly. - Also in answer to a question or statement, that is to say, why! in sooth.

nemus, -oris, [√nem (cf. numerus, Gr. vóμos, véμw)], n., (assigned grazing-ground), a wooded pasture. Less exactly, a grove, a forest, a vineyard (cf. arbustum). neo, nēvi, nētum, nēre, [√ne, cf. Gr. výow], 2. v. a., spin. — Less exactly, weave, interweave. Neoptolemus, -i, [Gr. NeOTTÓλEμos], m., a name of Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles. nepōs, -ōtis, [?], m., a grandson, a

nephew.— Less exactly (in plur.), descendants, progeny, offspring, posterity.

Neptūnius, -a, -um, [+Neptuno

(reduced) + ius], adj., of Neptune: Troia (built by Neptune). Neptūnus, -1, [†neptu-, akin to Eng. naphtha (a Persian word) + nus, cf. Fortuna, Portunus], m., the god of the sea, brother of Jove and Pluto. Also (cf. Ceres, grain), the sea. neque, see nec. nequeo,

quivi (-ii), -quitum, -quire, [nē-queo], 4. v. irr., cannot, not be able, be unable. nequicquam (-quidquam), see nequiquam, the spelling now in

vogue.

nēquiquam (nequic-, nequid-, prob. both forms of diff. orig. were once in use), [ne-quiquam (quid quam, cf. quisquam)], adv., (not in any manner), in vain, uselessly, to no purpose, without effect, without reason.

ne quis, etc.; see ne and quis, etc. Nērēis, -idis, [Gr. Nnpeis, f. patro

nymic of Nereus], f., a daughter of Nereus, a Nereid, a sea-nymph. Nērēius, -a, -um, [+Nereu- (reduced) ius], adj., of Nereus, child of Nereus. Nereus, ei, [Gr. Nnpeús], m., a seagod, father of the Nereids. - Less exactly, the sea, the water. Nērinē, -ēs, [Gr. Nnpívn], f., daughter of Nereus, a Nereid. Neritos, -1, [Gr. Nýpiтos], f., a

mountain of the island of Ithaca. Nersae, -ārum, [?], f. plur., a city of the Equi (sometimes read Nursae, which see).

nervus, -1, [√SNAR + vus, cf. Gr. Veupov, Eng. snare], m., a sinew, a tendon. - From the original material, a bowstring, a string. Nēsacē, -ēs, [Gr. Nnoain], f., a seanymph.

nescio, -ivi (-ii), -itum, -ire, [nēscio], 4. v. a., not know, know not, be ignorant, be unaware, be unacquainted with: nescit quis aras (has not heard of); puellae hiemem (learn to know). — Also, not know how to, be unable to.

-

nēve (neu), [ne-ve], conj., or not, and not. The regular connective with ne, and so equivalent to neque in clauses which require ne. nex, necis, [√nec as stem (cf. pernicies, noceo)], f., death, slaughter.

nexỗ, nexuí, no sup., nexāre, [†nexo-], I. v. a., twine, bind. nexus, -a, -um, p.p. of necto. ni, see ne.

ni [prob. same word as nē, used in concessive clauses], conj., (equal to nisi), if not, unless.

nidor, -ōris, [unc. root + or, cf. Gr. Kviσa], m., odor (of burnt flesh in sacrifice). Less exactly, odor (of any kind). nidus, -i, [?], m., a nest. actly, young (of birds in a nest), cells (of bees).

Less ex

niger, -gra, -grum, [?], adj., black (opp. to candidus, cf. ater, opp. to albus), dark, dusky, swarthy, gloomy, blackened.

nigresco, nigrui, no sup., nigrēscere, [†nigrē- (of nigreo)+ sco], 3. v. incept., blacken, grow black, turn black. nigro,-āvī,-ātum, -āre, [†nigro-],

1. v.n., be black.—nigrāns, -āntis, p. as adj., black, dark.

duced)+osus], adj., cloudy, cloudcapped, stormy (bringing storms). nimbus, -1, [perh. akin to nubes], m., a storm-cloud, a cloud, a dark cloud, a storm, a tempest, rain. — Also, a bright cloud (enclosing the gods). Fig., a cloud, a great number, a swarm.

nimirum [nē-mirum, no wonder], adv., doubtless, no doubt, surely. nimis [?], adv., too much, too, over

much nota (too well known). nimius, -a, -um, [akin to nimis], adj., too much, excessive, too great, immoderate. Without idea of excess, very, exceedingly.- Neut. as subst., too much.- Neut. as adv., too, too much, all too; — also, very, most indeed. ningo, ninxi, no sup., ningere, [vnig, cf. nix], 3. v. n., snow. — Usually impersonal, it snows. Niphates, -ae, [Gr. Nipárns], m., a high snowy mountain in Armenia. Less exactly, for the people near it.

Niphaeus, -1, [?], m., a Rutulian. Nisa, -ae, [?], f., a rustic maiden. Nisacē, -ēs, [?], f., a sea-nymph (see also Nesace).

nisi [ne-si], conj., unless, if not, except: nisi fata locum dedissent (had not, &c.).

Nisus, -1, [Gr. Nioos], m.: 1. A king of Megaris, betrayed by his daughter Scylla, and robbed of a fatal hair upon which his life depended. He was changed into a hawk; 2. A Trojan who, with his companion Euryalus, was slain in attempting to pass the enemy's lines.

nīsus, -ūs, [√nit+tus], m., an effort: rapidus (flight, plunge); idem (position, poise). niteo, (nitui, referred to nitesco), no sup., nitere, [?], 2. v. n., shine, glisten, sparkle. — nitēns, -ēntis, p. as adj., shining, bright, sparkling, sleek (in good condition), welltilled (cf. Eng. foul), bright, flourishing.

[tnite- (cf. niteo) + sco], 3. v. n., shine. nitidus, -a, -um, [adj. stem fr. wh. niteo + dus], adj., bright, shining, blooming, sleek.

nitor, nisus (nixus), niti, [poss. for gnitor, from †genu or some stem akin], 3. v. dep., lean against, brace against, struggle, strive, rest | on, lean on, climb, climb up: paribus alis (be poised on).

nitrum, -1, [Gr. víτpov], n., soda (a mineral alkali, properly carbonate of soda, used for potash by the ancients).

nivālis, e, [†niv- (nix) + alis], adj., snowy, snow-clad.- Less exactly, snowy-white, snowy. niveus, -a, -um, [†niv +eus], adj., of snow, snowy; - snowy-white, pure white.

cf.

nix, nivis, [√nig- (as stem), ningo], f., snow. nixus, -a, -um, p.p. of nitor. nixus, -ūs, [some form of nit + tus], m., an effort,labor (of travail). no, nāvi, no sup., nāre, [cf. Gr. véw], I. v. n., swim.-Less exactly, float, sail, fly. nobilis, -e, [√gno (cf. nosco) + bilis], f., well-known, famous. nōbilitās, tatis, [†nobili + tas], f., high birth, illustrious origin. noceo, nocui, nocitum, nocere, [adj.stem in-o, cf. nocuus (√nec, cf. pernicies)], 2. v. n., do mischief, be hurtful, be injurious, injure, harm, do harm: haud ignara nocendi (of mischief).— nocēns, -ēntis, p. as adj., harmful, pernicious.

noctivagus, -a, -um, [†nocti- (unreduced stem of nox)+ vagus], adj., night-roving.

noctua, -ae, [noctu + a (f. of us), bird of night], f., an owl. nocturnus, -a, -um, [†noctu- (as if noctus, cf. diurnus)+ nus?, adj., of the night, nocturnal, nightly. Often rendered as if an adverb, by night, in the night.

I. v. a., knot, tie up, bind in a knot. nōdus, i, [?], m., a knot (of a cord, &c., or of a branch), an eye (of a plant), a fold (of a serpent), a clasp (of the arms): pugnae nodum moramque (the centre and bulwark).

Noēmōn, -onis, [?], m., a Trojan. Nomas, -adis, [Gr. Nouds], m., a Nomad (one of a wandering, pastoral people). Plur., the Numid

ians.

nōmen, -inis, [√gno (cf. nosco) +men], n., a name, a word. As in Eng., a hero (cf. “great names"), a family, a race.— - Fig., renown, name, glory, distinction, reputation.

Nōmentum, -i, [?], n., a Sabine city.

non (old noenum), [ne-unum, cf. "nought," "not"], adv., no, not. nondum, see dum.

nonne, see non and ne. nonnullus, -a, -um, [non-nullus],

adj. (as pron.), some, some or other. nōnus, -a, -um, [unc. stem (of

novem) + nus], adj., the ninth. Nōricus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of Noricum (a mountainous country north of the Alps, west of Pannonia, and south of the Danube), Norican.

nos, plur. of ego, which see. nōsco, nōvi, nōtum, nōscere, [gno (cf. know) + sco], 3. v. a., learn, recognize,— (in perf., &c.), know (a thing, cf. scio, know a fact), be acquainted with, be sensible of, experience.-Less exactly, know (a fact, like scio). — nōtus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., well known, familiar, wonted, usual, customary,habitual;-famous, renowned, famed: notum quid femina possit (the knowledge, &c.). noster, -tra, -trum, [nos (as stem) + terus (reduced), cf. uter], adj. pron., our, my, of us, of me, in my power. Also, favorable (to us), prosperous. -As subst. (in plur.),