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several European Congresses were held. The small cabinet is still pointed out in which Prince Eugene and Marshal Villars signed the treaty of peace in 1814. Another treaty was signed here in 1797-99, but it was never carried into effect, in consequence of the foul assassination of the French deputies, Robejot and Bonnier. A monument is erected to their memory outside the Rheinau gate, on the spot where they were murdered. The picture gallery of the palace contains some remarkable trophies of warfare, and portraits of some Circassian slaves, taken captive by the Margrave Louis, but several valuable antiquities were stolen from it in 1849, when Radstadt was taken possession of by 6,000 revolutionary scamps, consisting of escaped convicts, disgraced soldiers, &c., who did not evacuate the town until July in that year.

The railway quitting the last station, crosses the Murg at a spot half-a-mile from which we see the ruined and deserted old château called the Favourite, 6 miles from Baden. The château is only remarkable as being a specimen of the style of former days, and of the tastes of its founder, Sybilla, who ended her days within its walls. Her youth was a scene of levity and vain self glory, and her old age a picture of superstition and bigotry, the former led her to lacerate her body, and we still see the gloomy oratory where she lingered out the last few days of her existence, and the sharp scourge of wire string with which she lacerated her miserable frame. A hair shirt her inside garment, a rush mat her bed, her kneeling stool a circular piece of pointed wire; her only companions in her prison chapel were two wooden figures of the Virgin and St. John; with these she sat at table and divided her meat into three equal portions, one for herself, and two for the wooden statues, which, as of course they did not eat, she considerately gave to the poor.

Oos (Station).-From here there is a branch line to Baden-Baden (Station), 3 miles distant. See Route 29. Crossing the Oos after quitting the last station, the railroad proceeds on to Sinzheim station, and shortly after arrives at Steinbach station, a small place situated at the foot of the hill of Yburg, and remarkable as being the natal spot of the architect of Strassburg cathedral.

Bühl (Station)-Inn: Post.-Arriving from here at the next station of Ottersweir, on the east, opening up before us, lies the valley of Hub, enclosing the ruined castle of Wendeck, and the Hubbad.

Two

Achern (Station).—A small village that some few years since acquired the privileges of a town. It has a population of 2,000 inhabitants. miles below Achern, on the left, is SASSBACH; population, 1,200. To the right of the post-road and the left of the railway, just outside the village, we see the monument, a granite stone obelisk erected to the memory of Marshal Turenne by the French, on the spot where he was killed by a cannon ball, 1675, as he was reconnoitering the Austrian army. The present is the fourth monument erected, the others having been destroyed. Much confusion was occasioned in the French ranks by this marshal's death, and the troops, disgusted by want of success and inaction, exclaimed in irony-"Lâchez la pie elle nous conduira :" in allusion to the marshal's piebald charger, which had so frequently led them to victory. Behind Achern and Sassbach, the Hornisgronde mountain On one of their grounds rise considerably high. tops is a deep chasm, and surrounded with awful environs lies the Mumelsse, a lake unfathomable in its depth.

The ruins of the Abbey of Allerheiligen, or All Saints, burned in 1003, can be visited by OberAchern, Cappel, and Ottenhöfen. The convent lies in a dreadful wilderness, in a central valley, enclosed by the rocks of the Kniebis. Leaving the last station, the railroad crossing the Rench, which descends from the Kniebis, arrives at

Renchen (Station).- A fine market town, with a population of 2,600 inhabitants, once of considerable importance.

Appenweier (Station).-From this point a railway branches off on the right to Kehl, Strassburg, distant 9 miles. Tourists for Strassburg, and who intend proceeding thence to Switzerland, through Frieburg or Schaffhausen, will do best to proceed on to Offenburg, where the baggage might be left at the inn opposite the station, and return thence to Strassburg.

The road from here through the Black Forest takes you from Appenweir, across the Kniebis, which is 3,000 feet high, to Freuedenstadt, 39 miles, by Oberkirch, a pleasant little town, with 1,900 inhabitants, at the entrance of the valley. Above this are seen the ruins of Allenburg, and 2 miles from this, up in the valley, is Lauterbach, with its fine old Gothic church, built in 1471, and well worth a visit. Hence, on by Oppen, which has an inn (Krone), where refreshments and wines are supplied. An Eilwägen from Appenweir to Rippoldsau, in six hours, the last frontier of Baden, on this road. (See BRADSHAW's HandBook to Germany, for details of the Black Forest.)

From the railroad, on our way to Offenburg from the last station, we see to the right, the spire of Strasburg Minster, and to the left the Castle of Stanfenberg, a building of the eleventh century, which affords an excellent view.

Offenburg (Station)-Inns: Post; Fortuna; Krone.--Lies on the Kinzig, and was founded by Offo, whence it derived its name.

This town, by its site, commands the entrance of the valley of the Kinzig. It has a population of 3,692 souls. The town has a cheerful and sociable appearance, and the post road from Frankfort-onthe-Main to Baden, and into the valley of the Kinzig from Strasburg, 12 miles off, cross each other. Two miles distant is the Castle of Ortenburg, built at a cost of £30,000 by a Russian nobleman.

Leaving the Offenburg Station, a branch rail to Hausach and the Black Forest, the railway crosses the Kinzig, and arrives at

Nieder-Schopfheim (Station).-Here are glass works established on the English plan. The fire is covered, and the workmen are exposed very little to the heat.

Friesenheim (Station).-A small town, containing a population of 2,000 souls, but no ways interesting.

Dinglingen (Station)-Inn: Post.-A small place with 1,000 inhabitants. From here a short branch rail takes you to Lahr, 13 mile eastwards, a small but industrious town, situated on the Schutter, with a population of 7,000 inhabitants. In this place are a great many stuff and cloth

manufactories, and some tobacco works. The Ludwigsstrasse, or Leevis road, connects this town with the valley of the Kinzig. A short branch was opened, 1875, to Buchholz (for Bad Suggenthal) and Waldkirch.

The outline of the Vosges mountains are discerned lying west, beyond the Rhine, and the red stone cliffs of the Black Forest on the east; whilst on a steep hill we see the ruins of Schloss Hohengeroldseck.

Kippenheim (Station).-A small village, only remarkable for its cast iron monument to the memory of Baron Stultz, the tailor.

Orschweier (Station).-Not far from here the railroad crosses the Ettenbach. A little to the east of the line we see Ettenheim. Its custom house is the place to which the unfortunate Duke d'Enghiem was dragged, and permitted to dress himself, whence he was carried to Kappel, and thence across the Rhine to France, where he was shot six days after, by order of Napoleon, at Vincennes. The town itself has a handsome church, and its environs are very fertile. Hierbolzheim (Station).

Kenzingen (Station)-Inn: Lach.-The lovers of angling will find good amusement on the river here, salmon and trout being abundant.

Riegel (Station).--On quitting this station, the railroad has to make a considerable bend to the east, passing between the Kaiserstuhl and Black Forest range; the former a fertile and thickly populated, volcanised range of hills, rising out of the plain of the Rhine. In the distance we can clearly discern the tops of the Bellchen and Blauen.

Emmendingen (Station).-A small town, situated on the Ebz and Brettma, in a charming country. To the left, beyond the town, you behold on a mountain the ruins of the Castle of Hockburg, the most extensive in Germany, after Heidelberg. Without the suburbs we see a large paper mill, exclusively employed in making coloured paper for the tobacco and chicory manufactories at Lahr.

Denzlingen (Station).-The largest village of the Grand Duchy, with a very pretty church, and well worth a view.

Before reaching Freiburg, and about 3 miles north from the city, we see on the left the ruined castle of the Counts of Zähringen, from whom

the reigning house of Baden takes its origin. A magnificent view may be had from the ruins, over the Breisgau, formerly an Austrian possession, but since 1805 annexed to Baden.

FREIBURG - IM - BREISGAU (Station).

Hotels:

Sommer's Zähringher Hof, now transferred to the new Hotel Zähringher, opposite the railway station: Deutscher Hof, or Hotel d'Allemagne ; Hotel Angel; Foehrenbach; Frescher (Pfaun). Hotel and Pension Lang, well placed near the station.

This, the old capital of the Breisgau, lies at the extremity of the chain of mountains of the Black Forest; which extends behind it to the left and right. Eastwards of it the Dreisam, which bursts out of the Höllenthal or Infernal Valley, is flowing by. Freiburg was founded in 1118, by Berthold III. of Zähringen, who conferred upon it very important privileges. Population, 24,670. Among its chief objects of attraction is the

Minster, one of the handsomest and most perfectly finished of German edifices, built of red sandstone, in a Cruciform shape, and ornamented with airy stone tracery. It was founded between the years 1122 and 1152, by Duke Conrad of Zähringen, and owes its existence not more to the munificence of the princes of his line than to the spirited liberality of the inhabitants of the city, who generously and zealously furnished supplies to carry on and complete the work. It is probable that it was completed under Conrad I., in 1152. The west front, the porch beneath it, and nave date from 1236-72.. The tower rises from a square base into an octagon, which is surmounted by a pyramidal spire of the most exquisite open work of great boldness and lightness. It is 380 feet high, and many prefer it to the tower of the Strasburg cathedral. The principal entrance is through the beautifully ornamented and exquisitely sculptured portal beneath the tower. The Deity is sculptured on the portal north, leading from the choir, in the form of an old man, breathing life into the nostrils of our first parent, and creating the solar system. The principal objects worth seeing in the interior are the statue of Berthold V., last duke of Zähringen (1228); the stone statues of the other Zähringens; a painting of the

Lord's Supper, made up of thirteen Agures, by Mauser (1561); and the Altar Piece, by Grien, a masterpiece of the German School. Some exquisitely painted windows. On the north of the choir, in the chapel of St. Martin, is a very fine wood carving of the Virgin, representing her in the act of sheltering a host of Popes, Cardinals, Bishops, Priests, and Layacs under a mantle. A silver Crucifix of Eastern workmanship is to be seen in Brocklin's Chapel, together with his ornamental effigies in armour. A magnificently carved Pulpit, (1561), and the Bishop's Throne (1851), are worth notice. In the University Chapel are two good paintings, by Holbein, a Nativity and an Adoration of the Magi.

The University, established in 1454, is the Roman Catholic seminary of the Grand Duchy of Freiburg. Heidelberg is Protestant. It has a voluminous library, a cabinet of natural curiosities, a fine collection of physical instruments, and a botanical gardens.

The Protestant Church, a modern structure of high and elegant dimensions, built in the Byzantine style, is surmounted with an octagon tower, which formerly surmounted an old convent at Thennebach, 15 miles off, and which was removed stone by stone and made to resume its original shape on this church. It is situated close to the gate leading to Frankfort.

The Kaufhaus rests on pointed arches, and is a specimen of the Gothic style of the sixteenth century. Gilt fresco-painted portraits of the Emperor Maximilian, his son Philip I., and Charles V. ornament its interior and exterior, and the gothic portal under the arcade is remarkable for its beautiful arrangement. The tourist will be interested by the gothic fountain in the street. The environs of Freiburg abound in places for pleasant excursions. The most convenient spots from which a good view of the town can be obtained is the Schlossberg (castle hill) where formerly stood the citadel. Beautifully grand and picturesquely delightful is the scene as the eye ranges over the sleeping vale of the Dreisam, terminated by the waving profile of the hills of the Black Forest as they rise one above the other, delineating at a distance the benches of a Grecian Amphitheatre.

The principal walks are to Guentherstal, situated in a pleasant valley; to the Carthusian Monastery, in a wild and romantic district; to the hermitage of the St. Barbara, and to the Othlunberg, &c. Travellers declining to pass through the Höllenthal, or Valley of Hell, on their route to Switzerland, should take an excursion from Freiburg to Steig, 11 miles off, to explore its beauties. scenery, combining rugged and savage grandeur, with soft and picturesque brilliancy, will be found described in Route 32.

Its

Eilwägen to Schaffhausen in 11 hours; to Alt Breisach, on the Rhine, in 24 hours; and thence to Colmar Railway Station.

Alt Breisach is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, 16 English miles west of Freiburg. It was once one of the strongest fortresses in Germany, but was destroyed in 1744, and is now a decayed town. It was captured in the FrancoGerman war. This place was originally situated on the left bank of the river, but by a change in the course of the latter, became transferred to the right. It was probably founded by Dineus. The mount is a composition of basalt. On its summit is the Church of St. Stephen, where the bones of the martyrs, Gervasius and Protasius, rest in silver coffins, having been brought together in the reign of Frederick with the red beard. The wooden carvings of the High Altar, or Altar Screens, are well worth inspection. The prospect from this spot, where the fort formerly stood, is very beautiful. You overlook the volcanic Kaiserstühl, or imperial chair, the pine woods of the Black Forest, the blue mountains of Alsace, which lie opposite, and the old Breisach at your feet. In a southern direction we see Mount Eggard, on which formerly stood the citadel, and which is now ornamented with a monument in honour of Charles Frederick, Archduke of Baden.

An excursion can be made to the Kaiserstühl, the summit of which offers most variegated views of eminences, of vineyards and gardens, of forests and villages. Its highest point is elevated 1,762 feet above the level of the sea. Leaving Frieberg we come to

Schallstadt (Station).

Krotzingen (Station)-Inn: Post.-An important spot, that so early as the sixth century

gave a name to a noble family, and is situated in a fertile country. To the right of the road, close by, are the ruins of Staufenberg Castle.

Hattersheim (Station).-Here formerly was the residence of the Grand Prior of the Order of Malta.

Müllheim (Station)—Inns: Krone, Engel, Kittler. A small town, beautifully situated in a charming valley, sheltered on one side by the huge Blauen, and enclosed by vineyards on the other. This is the Station for the Baden Weiler Baths, 3 miles distant.

Badenweiler.-Hotels:

Romer Bad.-Large house, close to castle; charges for an apartment, 1 gulden.

Stadt Carlsruhe.-Smaller. Diligences meet the trains at Müllheim from both the hotels.

The village owes its name to its wells, and is remarkable on account of the Roman bath discovered there in 1784. It was 322 feet long, by 100 feet broad. It consisted of cold and hot steam, spring steam baths, waiting places, porticoes, anointing rooms, &c. The masonry is covered with polished cement, the greater part of which is painted red. An altar which remains proves, by an inscription, that these baths were devoted to Diana Abnoba. On the Rehenhag an excellent wine is grown. Excursions can be made to the summit of the Blauen Mountains, 3,600 feet high, 6 miles distant.

Three miles west of Müllheim is Nuemberg, where, in 1639, Bernard, Duke of Saxe Weimer, was poisoned by Richelieu; and to the north-east is Sulzburg, where Schöpflin, the reformer, was born.

Schliengen (Station)-Inn: Krone.-A market town, remarkable as being the spot, where, in the autumn of 1796, a battle was fought between the Archduke Charles and Moreau. To the right lies Liel, a village with iron mines, and Auggen, famous for its excellent wines. Leaving the last station, the railway bends its course towards the Rhine, now encroached on by hills.

The next Station before reaching Basle is Rheinweiler.

Omnibuses from Basle one hour before the starting of the trains.

Basle (Station).-(See BRADSHAW's Handbook to Switzerland.

ROUTE 29.

Oos to Baden-Baden.

Distance, 3 English miles. This is a branch line leading off from the Oos Station, see Route 28. Not far from Oos the valley contracts, and begins to be enclosed by hills on either side. On the summit of a far hill we see the old castle of Baden on the left, and the Yburg hill, surmounted by another castle, on the right.

BADEN-BADEN (Station).
Population, 10,000-Hotels:

Court of Baden Hotel (Badischer Hof)-An old-established and unexceptionable hotel. Terms moderate.

Victoria Hotel, on the new promenade, near the Kursaal, one of the best in Germany. Table d'hôte at 1 and 5 o'clock. Proprietor, Mr. Franz Grosholz. Highly recommended.

Hotel de Russie, kept by Mr. Gme. Hillengass. Delightfully situated near the Kursaal, Recommended.

&c.

Hotel de la Ville de Badé, a newly-furnished house, conveniently situated, with a beautiful garden, deservedly recommended.

Hotel Royal, first-class establishment, superintended by the new proprietor, Mr. J. Th. Kaub; near the Trinkhalle.

Hotel de Hollande, near the Kursaal, one of the best in Germany. Table d'hôte at 1 and 5 p.m. Highly recommended. Proprietor, Mr. A. Roessler.

Hotel de France, exceedingly well situated, in the midst of the park. Good accommodation, moderate charges.

Hotel et Bains de la Cour de Darmstadt, close to the Conversation House. Excellent cuisine, moderate charges.

Hotel d'Angleterre, well situated. Rheinischer Hof; Stadt Baden; Zähringher Hof; Sonne; Stern; Stadt Strasburg.

Besides the above, there are many other private lodgings, in which good rooms may be got at various prices, from 38. to 13 or 16fl. per week. Baths are charged for, each 84kr.; bed, 4 kr. to lfl. per night; and breakfast, 36kr. At all the principal inns, tables d'hôte will be found at 1 and 5 p.m. Charges at former hour, 48kr. to lf., and at latter hour 1f. 12 or 18kr. Private

dinner at any hour, in the Conversationhaus: charge, 5frs. The Affenthaln, Klingelberger, and Muckgrafer are the best wines. A private dinner in a separate apartment, 5f. A tariff fixed by government regulates the price of every article, &c. Bankers.-Müller & Co., in Sopphíastrasse.

The season here commences on the 1st May, and continues until the 31st October.

Baden, civitas aurelia aquensis, and the residence of the Margraves of Baden for nearly six centuries, lies in a charming valley, on the little stream Oos, which formerly formed the borders of the duchy of Alemannia and Rhenish Francia. It is partly built on the declivity of one of the hills among which it is embosomed. The mountains surrounding it, of which Stanfen or Mount Mercury is the highest, are mostly covered with needle or brushwood, whilst the forehills are partly covered with oak and beech trees, and partly with vines or corn.

The valley chiefly consists of charming meadows, the light green verdure of which contrasts deeply and beautifully with the dark fir-trees that cover the surrounding hills. In the evening at sunset This excellent the view is most magnificent. site of the town is added to by the mild climate, inasmuch as the neighbouring mountains check the influx of the north-east winds, whilst the hot wells concealed in the bosom of the earth warm the soil. Baden was founded in the second century after the Christian era, and was the capital of the decumatic fields, and highly-favoured by Rome's Aurelian emperors. In 138, the town was burned down by the French, like many other towns in the middle Rhine, when the residence of the Margraves was removed to Rastadt, in the fiat plain of the Rhine. There is a villa of the Grand Duke there, which he visits at intervals, and resides at his castle at Eberstein in the summer.

Baden-Baden is one of the most frequented watering places in Europe, and is considered by far the most beautiful of the baths of Northern Germany, even superior to the Brunnen of Nassau. The celebrated wells amount to thirteen ; they differ in warmth and the quantity of solids from 54° Réaum. or 4604° Fahrenheit, down to 375° Réaum. or 1,161° Fahrenheit. The principal spring for quantity or warmth is the Ursprung. It rises

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