iv feeling of indignation against the Italian bishop, when he despatched Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman to England, as Archbishop of Westminster, to found a new hierarchy in this country.* The various religious and political parties concurred in the opposition to that audacious attempt, although the reasons upon which they founded their opposition differed considerably from each other. But unfortunately at that important crisis, the Government held opinions which did not respond to the national sentiment, and it causes amazement to know that the British ambassador in Paris, communicated to the French Government, in April, 1849, that~"the restoration of the Pope, under an improved form of government, was precisely that which he had always been instructed to state was the object of Her Majesty's Government.”+ The ambitious designs of the Emperor of Russia against Turkey have been long entertained, and a warlike movement has always been considered as a mere question of time, but the world indulged the hope that it might be delayed for a long period. The time has, however, now come, and the war just declared will be a speedy and terrible development of the conflict between THE CROSS AND THE CRESCENT AS STANDARDS IN * A vague opinion prevailed that the Roman Catholics in England were very numerous, and the priests and members of that Church were active in their endeavours to promote the idea that they were on the increase. The statistics of the population returns show the real state of the numbers, and, like all things connected with the Roman Church, there has been much exaggeration in the matter. The following is the statement of the number of attendants in the churches on Sunday, 30th March 1851. Church of England 2,971,258 Protestant Dissenters 3,110,782 Other bodies 24,793 Roman Catholics 249,389 Total 6,356,222 It thus appears that in England there are only four Roman Catholics to every 100 Protestants ! + See the Official Correspondence on the affairs of Rome in 1849, published by order of Parliament. CONTENTS. PAGE THE ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE CROSS AND THE CRESCENT, AS STANDARDS IN WAR. CHAPTER I.-The Cross as an Instrunent of Punishment CHAPTER II.—On the Respect due to Sacred Things.—Dese- CHAPTER III.—The Connection between the Tau, the Cre- scent, and the Labarum.—The War Cross sprang out of CHAPTER IV.-The Military and Ecclesiastical History of CHAPTER V.-Description of the Standard of the Cross dis- PAGK CHAPTER IV.—The Wars of the Crusades, emphatically so called.-Consequences 103 CHAPTER I.-The Scottish Fiction of the Bones of Andrew the Apostle, and the display of the Diagonal Cross in CHAPTER II.—The War Cross Standard of England, displayed by William the Norman in the Conquest of that Country, under a Bull of the Bishop of Rome CHAPTER III.—Three Sources of Consecration of the War Standard of the Cross.-Subject Illustrated by the Ban- ners and Regimental Colouring of the British Army 142 CHAPTER IV.—The Recapitulation of the Nations, States, and Cities, which bear the Cross and the Crescent on CHAPTER V.—The Standards and Flags of all Nations at the beginning of the year 1848.-Reflections CHAPTER VI.—Description of the British Ensign bearing the Figures of the Cross.-An Investigation into the Subject. -The Question examined by the principles of Heraldry. - The Results.—Protest against the Bishop of Rome. 167 SECTION IV. CHAPTER I.—The Universality of the disposition of Man to Cruelty.—The evil Principle denominated Demonism . 187 CHAPTER II.-.On the Development of Demonism in War.- On the Principles and Practices of War.—Delusion in the mind on the subject of War.—A State of War has |
