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diate destruction of the vessel. Such shocks were repeated every five or ten minutes, and sometimes oftener, and the longer she remained exposed to the wind, the more violently she ran against the sharp edges and spits of the ice, not having any power to avoid them. After every stroke, we tried the pumps, whether we had sprung a leak; but the Lord kept His hand over us, and preserved us in a manner almost miraculous. In this awful situation we offered up fervent prayers to Him, who alone is able to save, and besought Him, that if it were His divine will, that we should end our lives among the ice, He would, for the sake of his precious merits, soon take us home to Himself, nor let us die a miserable death with cold and hunger, floating about in this boisterous ocean. “It is impossible to describe all the horrors of this eventful night, in which we expected every approaching icefield to be fraught with death. We were full ten hours in this dreadful situation, till about six in the morning, when we were driven into open water, not far from the coast. We could hardly believe, that we had got clear of the ice; all seemed as a dream. We now ventured to carry some sail, with a view to bear up against the wind. The ship had become leaky, and we were obliged to keep the pump a-going, with only about ten minutes rest at a time. Both the sailors and we were thereby so much exhausted, that whenever any one sat down, he immediately fell asleep.

"During the afternoon, the wind abated, and towards evening it fell calm. A thick mist ensued, which, however, soon dispersed, when we found ourselves near a high_rock, towards which the current was fast carrying us. We were now in great danger of suffering shipwreck among the rocks, but by God's mercy, the good management of our captain succeeded in steering clear of them; and after sunset the heavens were free from clouds. A magnificent north-light illumined the horizon, and as we were again among floating pieces of ice, its brightness enabled us to avoid them. I retired to rest, but after midnight was roused by the cracking noise made by the ice against the sides of the vessel. In an instant I was on deck, and found that we were forcing our way through a quantity of floating

ice, out of which we soon got again into open water. The wind also turned in our favour, and carried us swiftly forward towards the Hopedale shore. Every one on board was again in full expectation of soon reaching the end of our voyage, and ready to forget all former troubles. But alas, arriving at the same spot, from which we had been driven yesterday, we found our way anew blocked up with a vast quantity of ice. The wind also drove us irresistibly towards us. We were now in a great dilemma. If we went between the islands, where the sea is full of sunken rocks, we were in danger of striking upon one of them and being instantly lost; again, if we ventured into the ice, it was doubtful whether the ship would bear many more such shocks as she had received. At length the former measure was determined on, as in case of any mishap, there might be some possibility of escaping to shore.

"On such occasions, it is seen how strongly the love of life operates. Having entered in among the islands, we found the sea more free from ice, and our hopes began to revive anew, till from the mast-head the passage to Hopedale was discovered to be entirely blocked up. The weather turned to fog and rain, and we perceived ourselves beset with ice mountains, which betrayed themselves through the mist by a white glare. We tacked against the wind between them and the rocks, the proximity of the latter being known by breakers.

soon

"In this situation we spent the 23d and 24th; the weather continued rainy and cold; we were in an unknown sea, among hidden dangers, and the poor sailors without a dry shred upon them, and not able to get any rest, being under constant alarm, whenever any extraordinary noise was heard in the fog.

"25th. The sky was clear, and we found ourselves nearly in the same place where we had spent the 22d, but a large bay opening to view, we steered into it.

"26th. The morning was fine, but our hearts were heavy. We were all filled with deep concern and sorrow, when we reflected on the continual disappointments we experienced, and that while on this day our brethren and their Esquimaux congregations were surrounding the Lord's table, and partaking of the Holy Sacrament, we were still de

a strong wind from the shore cleared the bay of ice; and on the 6th, the mate and Brother Körner, having climbed the highest hill, and discover

tained at sea, and prevented reaching their peaceable habitations, and joining in their devotions. We turned to the Lord our Saviour, with prayer for resignation to His holy will, and thated open water towards Hopedale, came we might be delivered from every kind of impatience, knowing that His ways are full of wisdom, and that we should find cause at length to praise Him for His goodness and mercy towards us, even under every afflictive dispensation. He heard our prayers, and spoke peace to our troubled hearts.

"27th. We discovered open water on the other side of the ice, and wind and weather being favourable, we penetrated through the ice, and got on well; but after all found the passage to Hopedale still choaked up. We were therefore obliged to keep tacking all night in a narrow channel.

"28th. Having worked our way, by God's good providence, through some very heavy ice, and considering whether we should again make fast to some large field; the dread of the ice seemed so forcibly to have possessed all our minds, that we resolved rather to endeavour to find an anchoring place in an adjoining bay. The water, however, was so deep, that it was six in the morning before we could cast anchor in twenty-two fathoms. Being here defended against the wind, our ship's company could enjoy some rest. In the afternoon, the mate went in the boat farther into the bay, to search for a better anchoring place, in which he succeeded. Towards evening we anchored in it, but were closely pursued by floating ice, which soon beset us all around, and gave us little rest. Fearing that it might cut our cable, we strove by every means to turn it off. "31st. I accompanied Brother Beck and the captain on shore. We climbed up the highest hill, from whence we could plainly see the Hopeland islands and hills, but also the sea yet filled with ice. We kindled a large fire, hoping that perhaps the Missionaries, or the Esquimaux, might thereby discover our arrival. The island, on which we landed, was almost entirely covered with wood and brushwood of almost impenetrable thickness. The musquitoes troubled us much.

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August 2d. We saw a large black bear on shore, and set off after him with proper weapons, but he escaped

into the wood.

"From the 3d to the 5th of August,

running back with the pleasing intelligence. But our frequent discouragements had rendered us so unbelieving, that it made but little impression upon us. We however set sail, and reached the entrance into the Hopedale islands. In the evening the wind turned against us; our way was again choaked with ice, and we lay all night fastened to a large field, and spent the day following in tacking between the ice and the land. At night we made fast again, but the field breaking into five pieces, we were carried back to the southward by the current, and obliged to disengage ourselves from the fragment, and suffer the wind to drive us out to sea. As soon as it was light on the 8th, we used every exertion to get again within the Hopedale islands, which, at length, after much uncertainty, owing to variable winds, we effected, and cast anchor between eight and nine o'clock at the island Ukkalek, two hours sail from Hopedale. Here we were soon visited by Brother Stock and several Esquimaux. Words are too weak to describe the joy we felt on this occasion, and we spent the evening very happily together. On the 9th, about eight o'clock, we cast anchor at Hopedale. In the words of the text appointed for this day, we could say with truth and from experience," The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament sheweth his handy work." Wonders of his power had been displayed before us, but also wonders of his mercy and truth."

The

N. B. The captain and mate report, that though for these three years past they have met with an unusual quanlity of ice on the coast of Labrador, yet, in no year, since the beginning of the Mission, in 1769, has it appeared so dreadfully on the increase. colour likewise of this year's ice was different from that usually seen, and the size of the ice-mountains and thickness of the fields immense, with sand-stones embedded in them. As a great part of the coast of Greenland, which for centuries has been choaked up with ice, apparently immoveable, has, by some revolution, been cleared, perhaps this may account for the great quantity alluded to.

THE PRIDE OF CARDINAL WOLSEY.

WOLSEY being raised to the dignity of Cardinal, in addition to his archbishopric and chancellorship, felt himself superior to all spiritual control, and passed from place to place in all the pomp allowed by the Romish church. Indeed such was his ambition in this particular, that he selected two of the tallest priests in the kingdom, to bear his crosses before him. His household consisted of a steward, who was in priest's orders, a treasurer, who had the honour of knighthood, a comptroller, an esquire, a confessor, a doctor in divinity, three marshals, three ushers of the hall, two almoners, and a number of grooms.

The officers of his kitchen were two clerks, a clerk comptroller, a surveyor of the dresser, a clerk of the spicery, two cooks, their assistants, and children, amounting to twelve individuals; four scullions, two yeomen of the pantry, and two paste-layers. The master cook who presided in the kitchen, wore a superb dress of velvet, or satin, and was decorated with a chain of gold; he had six assistants, and two deputies.

The larder had a yeoman and groom; the scullery and buttery, an equal number of persons each; the ewry the same; the cellar three yeomen, and three pages; the chandery two yeomen, and the waifery two.

The wardrobe of beds was superintended by a master, with twenty assistants; the laundry, a yeoman, a groom, and thirteen pages, two yeomen surveyors, and a groom surveyor; in the bakehouse, were two yeomen and grooms; in the wood-yard one, and a groom; two porters, two yeomen, and two grooms, waited at the gates.

each of those had two or three footmen, and the Earl of Derby was followed by five.

At meals, he had gentlemen carvers, and cupbearers; "and of the Privy Chamber forty persons," exclusive of six yeomen ushers, and eight grooms of his chamber, twelve doctors in divinity, a clerk of the closet, two secretaries, and two clerks of his signet, besides four learned counsel.

The attendants of his temporal office were, a riding clerk, a clerk of the crown, of the hanaper, and a chafer, and those of the cheque, and four running footmen richly habited; a herald and serjeant at arms, a physician, an apothecary, an armourer, an instructor of his wardrobe, a keeper of his chamber, a surveyor of York, and a clerk of the green cloth.

The chapel of this establishment was most honourably appointed; and the ornaments of it were extremely grand and expensive. The service was performed by a dean, a man of eminence, a sub-dean, a repeater of the choir, a gospeller, an epistler of the singing theists, and a master of the children; the vestry had a yeoman and two grooms.

The gentleman who gave the substance of the above account declares, that he had seen in procession fortyfour crosses of one set, besides the superb candlesticks and other necessary ornaments; and that the number of persons on the “ Cheque Roll" of the household was EIGHT HUNDRED.

GOING TO WESTMINSTER.

When Cardinal Wolsey first issued from his Privy Chamber in term, he generally heard two masses in his chapel. Returning there, he inquired of his attendants whether themselves where ready, and had prepared the waiting and presence chambers? About

His barge had a yeoman; and for the care of his horses, there was a master, a clerk of the stables, a yeo-eight o'clock he again left his private man of the stirrup, a farrier, a malt tour, and sixteen grooms, every one of them keeping four geldings."

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For the purposes of state, he had two cross and two pillar bearers, for his great chamber; and the privy chamber was under the direction of a chamberlain, a vice-chamberlain, and two gentlemen ushers: six gentlemen waiters, and twelve others, were added to ten lords, who did not think themselves dishonoured by attending the movements of the arrogant Cardinal;

apartment, in the Cardinal's habit of crimson taffeta, or crimson satin, with a scarlet pillion, and tippet of sable round his neck; bearing in his hand, as was his constant practice on those occasions, an orange deprived of its contents, and filled with a sponge impregnated with vinegar, &c. to preserve him from infection, when passing through the crowds which his splendour or office attracted.

A lord, or person of eminence, bore his hat; and another the great seal

before him he then entered the presence chamber, where his two crosses were in waiting, and a numerous levee of noblemen. The gentlemen ushers exclaimed, "On, masters, before, and make room for my lord!!!" who descended into the hall, preceded by a serjeant at arms with a silver mace, and two gentlemen with silver plates; his mule covered with crimson velvet waited for him at the door of

by his Almighty Maker and God, be used? Why Divines make choice of this method of description, I cannot imagine; but hoping that you will inform me, if any reason can be given in its defence, I remain your's,

A CONSTANT READER.

EFFECT OF HOT WATER ON FLOWERS.

WHEN these short-lived beauties, which decorate our rooms, begin to

his palace; and being mounted, he followed his two crosses and two pil-fade, place them in a vessel containlars, carried by persons on horseback, and was himself surrounded by four footmen, armed with pole-axes, and a considerable number of gentlemen

of various ranks.

Malcolm's Anecdotes.

Observations on Death.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE IMPERIAL MAGAZINE.

SIR,

I have often been struck with the manner in which Death is set forth by the Ministers or Clergymen of the present day,-described as a King of Terrors, which, with other personalities, such as cruel, relentless, tyrannizing with resistless sway, &c. would lead one to suppose, that there certainly is a being whose business it is to hurl the darts of disease, and to bring poor mortals home. But as no thinking person can suppose this to be the case, I should conceive it would be highly advantageous to reason and religion, to give up this method of description, and have recourse to one more consonant to truth and scripture.

As death is the dissolution of our compound nature, the separation of soul and body,-the spirit which God gave, takes its flight to the regions of immortality, and its earthly tabernacle is left to moulder in the dust. Would it not then be more congenial to truth and reason, in our descriptions of death, to say that the voice of our God had gone forth, saying, "Set thy house in order, for thou shalt die, and not live."-" Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return!" Why should the power which God asserts, in commanding his guilty creatures to the bar of his justice, be called tyranny? or, why should so many unseemly epithets in describing the call of a frail mortal into eternity,

ing scalding hot water, covering about one third part of their stems, where they must remain until the water has grown cold. By this time, the leaves, that had appeared drooping and languishing but just before, will have recovered their freshness, and will stand erect. In this state take them from the vessel, and after cutting off so much of the stems as had been injured by the heat, place the flowers again in fresh cold water, where for a considerable time they will retain their renovated virtues.

Anecdote of her late Majesty. MR. EDITOR, SIR,-Amongst the many benevolent acts of the late Queen Charlotte, the following is known but to very few. It was communicated to me by a member of the family benefited by royal munificence.

About six-and-twenty years ago, a distinguished merchant, in the city of London, became a bankrupt, through the failure of several houses in Germany, with which he was extensively connected. His wife, an amiable and accomplished woman, was known to have employed her time and talents in educating a very numerous family, which she continued to do with even increased exertion after their circumstances were reduced. This became known to the Queen by general report; and having duly ascertained the fact, her Majesty settled four hundred pounds a year on this excellent wife and mother, which sum was regularly paid till the time of her decease. But the Queen did not feel that even by this liberal grant she had sufficiently shewn her approbation of domestic virtue: she interested the king, in favour of the family; and he gave ap

pointments to the sons as they grew up, from which they advanced themselves by their very superior talents. Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

W. M. CRAIG.

INFORMATION BY SIGNS.

AMONG the many differences between our own customs and those of the Orientals, few are more distinct than the opinions adopted by each, on the modes of conveying ideas. Accustomed to the free intercourse of conversation, to the expression by words, of our thoughts as they rise within us, we relate every thing verbatim; and except a sentiment be openly conveyed by speech, we attribute no blame to those who do not regard or understand it. On the same principle, the orders we give to our servants are directed to them in words, and according to our words we expect their obedience: but the case is altogether different in the East; gravity and silence, especially before superiors, are there so highly esteemed as denoting respect, that many of the most important orders which a master can give, or a servant receive, are communicated in profound silence. This mode of behaviour is the basis of the representation adopted in the 123d Psalm, which, as it is but short, is here inserted entire:

A SONG OF DEGREES.

1 Unto thee lift I up mine eyes, O thou that

dwellest in the heavens !

2 Behold, as the eyes of servants look unto the hand of their masters,

As the eyes of a maiden to the hand of her mistress :

So our eyes wait upon the LORD our God, until that he have mercy upon us.

3 Have mercy upon us, O LORD! have mercy upon us!

For we are exceedingly filled with contempt. 4 Our soul is exceedingly filled with the scorning of those who are at ease, And with the contempt of the proud! An illustration of this part of scripture, more happy than the following, can hardly be expected. I know, indeed, that some have supposed the chastening hand of the master, or mistress, to be that to which the servant attends; but it should be noted, that the Psalmist is not complaining to the person who chastises him, but of the contempt and scorn, not strictly persecution, of the proud, &c.

"One can hardly imagine the respect, civility, and serious modesty, that is used among them (the Eastern Ladies) whenever they are visited by any one, as I have been informed by some ladies of the Franks, who have been with several. No nuns or novices pay more deference to their abbess or superior, than the maid slaves to their mistresses; they are waited on, as are likewise their female visitors, with a surprising order and diligence, even at the least wink of the eye, or motion of the fingers, and that in a manner not perceptible to strangers."-MoTRAYE, Vol. I. 249.

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Nobody appears on horseback but theGrand Seignior, in the second court, and they observe so respectful a silence, not only in the palace, when the Grand Seignior is in it, but in the court-yards, (notwithstanding the number of people who come there, especially into the first, where, generally, a number of servants wait for their masters, who are either at the Divan, or in some other part of the Seraglio), that, if a blind man should come in there, and he did not know that the most COURTLY way of speaking among the Turks, is in a low voice, and by SIGNS, like mutes, which are generally understood by them, he would believe it uninhabited. And I have heard them say, in reference to other nations, that two Franks, talking merely of trifles, make much more noise than a hundred Turks in treating of affairs of consequence, in making a bargain; and they add, in speaking against our manner of saluting, by pulling off our hats, and drawing our feet backward, that we seemed as if we were driving away the flies, and wiping our shoes; and they extol their custom of putting their right-hand upon their breast, and bowing a little, as much more natural and reasonable.

When they salute a superior, they take the bottom of his caftan, or vest, that hangs down to his ankle, and bending down, they lift it about two feet, and kiss it.-MoTRAYE, Vol. I. p. 170.

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BARON DU TOTT gives the following remarkable instance of the authority attending this mode of commanding, and of the use of significant motions:"The customary ceremonies on these occasions were over, and Rocab (the new Vizier) continued to discourse familiarly with the ambassador, when the Muzur-Aga, (or High Provost)

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