20

:

quam nos pastores con

cùm tantus sit tumultus Usque adeò turbatur agris. En ipse capellas loto rure. Ecce ego me Protenùs æger ago : hanc etiam vix, Tityre, duco : rens abigo præ me capellas, et hanc, o Tityre, dif. Hic inter densas corylos modò namque gemellos, ficile traho: modò enim Spem gregis, ah! silice in nudâ connixa reliquit. 13 enixa geminos feftus, qui Sæpe malum hoc nobis, si mens non læva fuisset

, proh dolor : deseruit eos rigido De cælo tactas memini prædicere quercus': in saxo, inter spissas co- Sæpe sinistra cavâ prædixit ab ilice cornix. Tylos. Memini quercus Sed tamen, ille Deus qui sit, da, Tityre, nobis. afflatas fulmine sæpe prænunciasse nobis hane tir. Urbem, quam dicunt Romam, Melibee, putavi calamitatem, nisi animus Stultus ego huic nostræ similem, quò sæpe solemus imprudens fuisset ; sæpe Pastores ovium teneros depellere fætus. cornix funesta admonuit ex ilice potri. Attamen Sic canibus catulos similes, sic matribus hædos dic nobis, Tityre, quinam Nôram : sic parvis componere magna solebam. sit ille Deus.-Tit

. Ego Verùm hæc tantùm alias inter caput extulit urbes, 25 demens, o Melibee, ex. istimavi urbem, quæ vo. Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi. catur Roma, similem es. MEL. Et quæ tanta fuit Romam tibi causa videndi? se nostræ Mantuanæ, ad

Tit. Libertas : quæ sera, tamen respexit inertem; suevimus deducere ag- Candidior postquam tondenti barba cadebat: nos tenellos. Quemad- Respexit tamen, et longo pòst tempore venit,

30 canibus

, et hædos capel. Postquam nos Amaryllis habet, Galatea reliquit. lis esse similes : quemad- Namque (fatebor enim) dumme Galatea tenebat, modum solebam compa. Nec spes libertatis erat, nec cura peculî : rare magna parvis. Sed Quamvis multa meis exiret victima septis, inter cæteras, quantùm Pinguis et ingratæ premeretur caseus urbi,

35 capressi solent eminere Non unquam gravis ære domum mihi dextra redibat. inter viburna flexilia.

Mirabar, quid mæsta Deos, Amarylli, vocares, cessitas te coëgit Romam Cui pendere suâ patereris in arbore poma. petere ?-- Tit. Libertas : Tityrus hinc aberat. Ipsæ te, Tityre, pinus, que licèt tarda, tamen Ipsi te fontes, ipsa hæc arbusta vocabant.

40 aspexit me desidem, cum jam eana barba decideret Tit. Quid fascerem ? neq; servitio me exire licebat, secanti: tamen aspexit, Nec tam præsentes alibi cognoscere divos. Et venit post multos an- Hic illum vidi juvenem, Melibee, quotannis nos servitutis : ex quo secutus sum Amaryllida, Bis senos cui nostra dies altaria fumant. et reliqui Galateam. Sci-Hic mihi responsum primus dedit ille petenti : 45 licet, quamdiu amavi Ga; Pascite ut antè, boves, pueri : submittite tauros. lateam (fatebor enim) nec speravi libertatem, MEL. Fortunate senex! ergo tua rura manebunt : nec curavi patrimoni- Et tibi magna satis : quamvis lapis omnia nudus, um: licèt educerem ex Limosoque palus obducat pascua junco: timas, et coagularem optimos caseos ad usum ingratæ urbis ; nunquam referebam domum manus plenas pe. cuniâ.--Mel. Mirabar cur tristis invocares Deos, û Amarylli, cui servares poina pendentia suis quæque arboribus. Tityrus hinc aberat : ipsæ pinus, ipsi fontes, hæ ipsæ arbores te repetebaut.Tit. Quid feciss m? ncc poteram aliter abire è servitute: nec Deos experiri tam propitios in alio loco, quam Roma. jurenem illum, 0 Melibee, propter quem aræ nostræ fumant singulis annis per duodecim dies. Illie ipse prior ita respondit roganti mihi : Pueri, pascite boves, ut priùs : et subligate tacros juge – Mel. O felix senex ! itaq; agri tui relinquentur tibi, iiq; tibi satis ampli : licet nuda saxa legant exteros undique, et palus operiat pascua conoso juncu :

MEL. Mel. Et quæ tanta ne

ovilibus meis multas vie.

Ilie vidi

NOTES. 19. Iste is the true reading ; hic, iste, and 28. Libertas. Not that Virgil or his faille, being thus distinguished: Hic Deus, ther were really slaves; but he speaks of is this god of mine, or whom I mentioned; the oppressions which he sustained at home iste Deus, is that god of yours ; and ille Deus, in his own country as a kind of slavery. that god of his, of theirs, or of any third per- 33. Peculi. Peculium is the private stock

of a slave; in which sense it is properly ap23. Sic. He thought it only different in plied to Tityrus, who personates the cha. magnitude, not in kind : but, when he came racter of a slave. to see Rome, he not only found it distin- 35. Ingratze urbi. Unhappy city. guished in degree, but even in species : it 36. Non unquam, &c. Literaily, My righe was a quite other sort of city, just as the hand never returned home loaded with money. vpress differs in species from a shrub. 46. Pueri. Puer has three significations

8011.

:

!

3

Non insueta graves tentabunt pabula fætas,

50 insolita pabula non vitia.

bunt gravidas pecudes, Nec mala vicini pecoris contagia lædent.

neque noxia contagics Fortunate senex ! hic inter flumina nota,

vicini greges inficiet eas, Et fontes sacros, frigus captabis opacum.

O felix senex! hie proHinc tibi, quæ semper vicino ab limite sepes

pe amnes cognitos, et

fontes, dicatos Nymphis Hyblæis apibus florem depasta salicti,

55 frueris umbra frigide. Sæpe levi somnum suadebit inire susurro.

Ex aliâ parte sepes limi

tis propinqui, in quá flos Hinc altâ sub rupe canet frondator ad auras.

salicum carpitur semper Nec tamen intereà raucæ, tua cura, palumbes,

à Siculis apib:ls, $#pe Nec gemere aëriâ cessabit turtur ab ulmo.

tenui murmure apum te TIT. Antè leves ergo pascentur in æthere cervi,

invitabit, ut somno in60

dulgeas. Ex alia parte Et freta destituent nudos in litore pisces :

putator frondium excel. Antè, pererratis amborum finibus, exul

so in colle cantabit ad Aut Ararim Parthus bibet aut Germania Tigrim,

avras. Neque tamen in

terim raucæ palumbes, Quàm nostro illius labatur pectore vultus.

que sunt tuæ deliciæ, neMEL. At nos hinc alii sitientes ibimus Afros,

65 que turtur desinet quePars Scythiam, et rapidum Cretæ veniemus Oaxem,

ri ex ulmo sublimi.-Tit.

Prius igitur agiles cervi Et penitus toto divisos orbe Britannos.

pascent in aëre, et maria En unquam patrios longo pòst tempore fines,

deserent in litore pisces

defectos aquâ : Priùs exPauperis et tugurî congestum cespite culmen,

Parthia potabit Post aliquot mea regna videns mirabor aristas? 70 Ararian, aut Germania Impius hæc tam culta novalia miles habebit?

Tigrim, regionibus mu.

tuð permutatis, quam Barbarus has segetes ? En quò discordia cives

forma illius juvenis exPerduxit miseros ! en queis consevimus agros !

cidat mihi ex animo. Insere nunc, Melibee, pyros, pone ordine vites :

Mel. Nos verò hinc pulsi Ite meæ, felix quondam pecus, ite capellæ.

partim ibimus in Afri

cam aridam, partim pe Non ego vos posthac, viridi projectus in antro,

temus Scythiam, aut eeDumosâ pendere procul de rupe videbo :

lerem Oaxem Cretae, aut

Britannos omnino separatos à cæteris populis. Nunquainne post diuturnum tempus, post aliquot annos, revisam eum admiratione patriam regionem, et tectum easte pauperis extructum è glebâ, quæ tota erat mea possessio? Sceleratus miles possidebit hæc arva tam culta ? peregrinus has messes ? Ecce quù calamitatis dissensio adegit cives infortunatos ; ecce propter quos seminavimus arva. Nunc, û Melibcee, insere pyros, digere vineas in ordinem. Ite, ite, meæ capellæ, grex olim fortuname. Non ego deinde stratus viridi in speluncá aspiciam vos procul spinosa è rape pendere:

torris

:

75

NOTES. 1. A slave. 2. A boy, in opposition to a girl. 57. Ad auras. To the breezes : or per 3. Puerilis atas.

haps it means aloud, so as to pierce the 50. Graves fætas, i. e. prægnantes : Nam skies, as the phrase is used elsewhere. feta sine addito, et de gravida, et de puerpera 63. Parthus is not here to be taken for 2 dicitur. In the first sense it occurs, Æn, particular native of Parthia, but for the Par. VIII, 640.

thian nation in general; as Germania in the Fecerat et viridi fetam Muvortis in antro other part of the verse signifies the Germans Procubuisse lupam.

in a body. The meaning therefore is, That 52. Inter Aumina. The Mincio and the Po. these two nations shall sooner erchange coun

53. Frigu: opacum. Literally, the shady tries with one another, than, &c. Had the coolness.

critics attended to this, it might have saved 54. Ab vicino limite. The same as in, &c. them a great deal of needless trouble.

55. Florem depasta salicti. A Grecism, the 70. Aliquot aristas. Some years, accord. same as habens forem salicti depastum. ing to some, as Claudian says, decimas emen.

55. Hyblais apibus, i. e. bees such as sus aristas. But this agrees not with longo those of Hybla, a mountain in Sicily, pro- post tempore ; the one implying a long and ductive of the finest honey.

the other a short duration; or at best it 57. Frondator. Servius gives it three sig- would be an idle repetition of the same idea. nifications : 1. The woodman in general: 2. Therefore by aristas it seems better to unThe vine-dresser, who clears away the vine- derstand thin fields of corn, wliere are but 1 leaves when they are too thick, and lays the few ears to be seen ; which also suits best grapes more open to the sun : 3. Any bird with mea regna, which in the natural order ihat sings among the boughs ; whence some of construction must refer to aliqua? w'istas, render it the nightingale.

not to culmen pauperis tuguri.

cantilenam nullam mo- Carmina nulla canam : non, me pascente, capellæ
dulabor: non tondebitis,
o capellæ, cytisum flo
Florentem cytisum et salices carpetis amaras.

79 rentem et salices amaras, Tit. Hìc tamen hanc mecum poteris requiescere noctem me custode. --Tit. Ta-Fronde super viridi. Sunt nobis mitia poma, men poteris hâc nocte

Castaneæ molles, et pressi copia lactis. quiescere hic mecum super foliis virentibus. Et jam summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Habemus matura poma, Majoresque cadunt altis de montibus umbræ. castaneas molles, et malbum coacti lactis. Et jam summa pagorum tecta procul fumant, et umbræ grandiores porriguntur ex altis montibus.

NOTE. 82. Castanea molles. Molles may either 53. the one being smooth in the husk, the signify ripe, or such chestnuts as were called other rough and jagged. soft, in opposition to the hirsutæ, Ecl. VII.

ECLOGA II.

ALEXIS.

INTERPRETATIO. FORMOSUM pastor Corydon ardebat Alexim,

Pastor Corydon ama- Delicias domini : nec, quid speraret, habebat. bat pulchrum Alexim, qui erat voluptas domi- Tantùm inter densas, umbrosa cacumina, fagos ni : nec erat ipsi spes ul. Assiduè veniebat : ibi hæc incondita solús la : solummodo veniebat Montibus et sylvis studio jactabat inani.

5 frequenter ad spissas fa

O crudelis Alexi, nihil mea carmina curas : opacum est: illic solus Nil nostri miserere : mori me denique coges, funde bat inutiliter mon. Nunc etiam pecudes umbras et frigora captant : tibus et nemoribus hæc verba incomposita. O

Nunc virides etiam occultant spineta lacertos : dore Alexi! nullo modo curas meos cantus: nullo modo miserescis mei : denique coges me mori. Nunc ipsa pecora fruuntur umbrâ et frigore : nunc lacerti ipsi virides latent in vepribus :

gos, quarum cacumen

NOTES. By Corydon here some would have us to with a suitable present of nuts and apples : understand Virgil bimself, and by Alexis a but, when he finds that nothing will prevail, young slave of Mæcenas, for whom Virgil he resolves to quit his troublesome amour, bad conceived a violent affection, and soli- and betake himself again to his former bucited his patron to make him a present of the siness. boy ; to which Martial is thought to allude There is certainly something more inin the verses above quoted, EcI.I. Be that tended in this pastoral than a description of as it will, Corydon is here represented mak. friendship or Platonic love ; the sentiments, ing love to this beautiful youth. His way though chaste, are too warm and passionate of courtship is wholly pastoral : he com. for a mere Platonic lover. But there is no plains of the boy's coyness; recommends reason to charge Virgil on that account with himself for his beauty and skill in piping; the unnatural love of boys; a poet may show invites the youth into the country, where his talent in describing a passion which lie he promises him the diversions of the place, by no means approves.

20

gra.

Thestylis et rapido fessis messoribus æstu

D) et Thestylis conterit her

bas odoriferas, allium et Allia serpyllumque herbas contundit olentes.

serpylam, messoribus faAt mecum raucis, tua dum vestigia lustro,

tigatis ab gravem æstum. Sole sub ardenti resonant arbusta cicadis.

Interim, dum sequor tua

restigia mecum ad se Nonne fuit satius tristes Amaryllidis iras,

em ferventem raucæ ciAtq; superba pati fastidia ? nonne Menalcan;

15 adæ strepitant per loca Quamvis ille niger, quamvis tu candidus esses.

onsita arboribus.

Nonne fuisset melius O formose puer, nimiùm ne crede colori :

Werare graves iras et Alba ligustra cadunt, vaccinia nigra leguntur.

isperiosa fastidia AmaDespectus tibi sum, nec qui sim quæris, Alexi:

rilidis ? Nonne fuisset

mlius tolerare MenalQuàm dives pecoris, nivei quam lactis abundans.

ca ? licèt ille fuscus sit, Mille meæ Siculis errant in montibus agnæ :

liet tu albus sis. Lac mihi non æstate novum, non frigore defit.

foriose puer, ne nimis

conidas colori. LigusCanto, quæ solitus, si quando armenta vocabat

tra acent humi, quamAmphion Dircæus in Actæo Aracyntho.

vis candida ; vaccinia Nec sum adeò informis : nuper me in litore vidi, 25 colliguntur, quamvis ni

Me contemnis, Cùm placidum ventis staret mare : non ego Daphnim,

Alexi, nec consideras Judice te, metuam, si nunquam fallat imago.

quis ego sim, quàm mulO tantùm libeat mecum tibi sordida rura,

tas possideam oves, quàm

multum habeam lactis Atque humiles habitare casas, et figere cervos,

candiai. Mille oves med Hædorumq; gregem viridi compellere hibisco! 30 vagantur in montibus Mecum unâ in sylvis imitabere Pana canendo.

Sicilia : lac novum non

deest mibi per estatem, Pan primus calamos cerâ conjungere plures

nec per hyemem. Cano Instituit; Pan curat oves, oviumque magistros.

ea quæ Amphion TheNec te pæniteat calamo trivisse labellum.

bapus solebat canere in

Aracyntho Hæc eadem ut sciret, quid non faciebat Amyntas?

Nec sum tam deformis : Est mihi disparibus septem compacta cicutis

nuper vidi me e litore, Fistula, Damætas dono mihi quam dedit olim:

cum mare tranquillum Et dixit moriens : Te nunc habet ista secundum.

Ego non timerem DaphDixit Damætas; invidit stultus Amyntas.

nim, te ipso arbitro: niPrætereà duo, nec tutâ mihi valle reperti,

40 si aliquando forma me

decipiat. Utinam velis Capreoli, sparsis etiam nunc pellibus albo, Bina die siccant ovis ubera : quos tibi servo.

colere agros tibi viles, domosque parvas: et transfodere cervos, et ducere gregem hedorum ad hibiscum virentem. In sylvis simul mecum imitaberis Pana cantando. Pan primus in morem induxit nectere cerâ multas arunilines : Pan pra tegit oves et pastores orium. Nec pigeat te labra atterere fistula. Quid non faciebat Amyntas, ut disceret häe eadem à me? Habea fistulam conflatam è septem cicutis inæqualibus, quam Dametas quondam dona vit mihi : et dixit moriens : Tu nunc istam secundus possides. Damælas hoc dixit, Amyntas stolidus invidit. Insuper duo capreoli inventi à me in valle, non sine periculo : quorum pelles sunt adhuc distinctæ maculis candidis, quotidie exhauriunt gemina ovis ubera : hos servo tibi.

maritimo.

35

Ton

moveretur vento.

tantummodo mecum in.

NOTES. 18. Vaccinia. Some will have this to be was the fountain Dirce: it is called Actæo, bilberries ; Servius makes it the violet; but from Acta or Acte, the country about At. from that Virgil himself plainly distinguish- tica, Ovid. Met. lib. II. 720. Sic super Ac. es it, Ecl. X. 39.

tæas agilis Cyllenius arces inclinat cursus. Et nigre violæ sunt, et vaccinia nigra. 28. Tibi sordida rura. Servius, and all the Salmasius and others explain it of the hya- commentators after him, join tibi with sordicinth, chiefly because vaccinium answers to da, the country which gives you such disvarsbos in that line of Theocritus, which gust. But that construction seems not so naVirgil here not only imitates, but almost li- tural ; perhaps it would be better to join terally translates :

tibi with libeat. As for sordida, it is a proper Και το ιον μιλαν εντι και έγραπτα υακινθος. epithet for cottages and villages, which are 24. Amphion. The famous king of Thebes mean and poorly furnished. Or he speaks who built the walls of that city, the stones in the character of a lover, who thinks nowhereof he is said to have made to dance thing good enough for his beloved object. into their places by the music of his lyre. 30. Hibisco. A slender twig or rush ; as He is called Dircæus, either from Dirce his appears from Ecl. X. 71. stepmother, whom he put to death for the Dum sedet, et gracili fiscellam texet hibisco. injuries she had done to his mother Antiope; 36. Cicutis. Hemlock, here used for any or from a fountain in Bæotia of that name. hollow reeds.

24. Aracyntho. Aracynthus was a town on 38. Te nunc, &c. Literally, now it has you

50

verum, addit nareissun

:

Jamdudum Thestyiis co. ampridem à me illos abducere Thestylis orat: natur precibus obtinere et faciet : quoniam sordent

tibi munera nostra. , siquidem dona mea tibHuc ades, ô formose puer. Tibi lilia plenis

45 vilescunt. Huc vem, (Ecce ferunt Nymphæ calathis : tibi candida Nais formose puer. En Nya Pallentes violas et summa papavera carpens, phæ offerunt sibi lili plenis canistris: alb Narcissum et florem jungit benè olentis anethi : Nais tibi colligens riols Tum casiâ, atque aliis intexens sų avibus herbis, pallidas et capita pap Mollia luteolâ pingit vaccinia calthâ. et florem anethi odorie. Ipse ego cana legam tenerâ lanugine mala, ri: deinde miscens cm Castaneasque nuces, mea quas Amaryllis amabat. casiâ et aliis herbis al-Addam cerea pruna : et honos erit huic quoq; pomo : cibus, ornat mollia nccinia calthis croceis. ego

Et

vos, ô lauri, carpam, et te, proxima myrte; verd colligam pom; al-Sic positæ quoniam suaves miscetis odores.

55 bentia molli lanugire, et Rusticus es, Corydon ; nec munera curat Alexis : puces castaneas, quas mea Amaryllis diligebat. Nec si muneribus certes, concedat Iolas. Adjungam pruna flava, Eheu, quid volui misero mihi ? floribus Austrum et laus erat quoque buie Perditus, et liquidis immisi fontibus apros. fructui. Et vos decer. pam, o lauri ; et te, myr. Quem fugis, ah, demens! habitârunt dii quoq; sylvas, 60 te

, lauris vicina : quia Dardaniusq; Paris. Pallas, quas condidit arces, ita junctæ emittitis gra- Ipsa colat : nobis placeant ante omnia sylvæ.

odores. Agrestis es Corydon, et Alexis non Torva leæna lupum sequitur: lupus ipse capellam : movetur tuis donis : et Florentem cytisum sequitur lasciva capella : si contendas donis, Iolas Te Corydon, 6 Alexi : trahit sua quemq; voluptas.

65 non cedet tibi. Heu miser, quid feci? immisi Aspice, aratra jugo referunt suspensa juvenci, Austrun floribus, e Et sol crescentes decedens duplicat umbras. apros puris fontibus, im. Me tamen urit amor : quis enim modus adsit amori? prudens ! Ah, stulte, quem fugis? Dii ipsi Ah, Corydon, Corydon, quæ te dementia cepit ! incoluerunt nemora, et Semiputata tibi frondosâ vitis in ulmo est. Paris Trojanus. Pallas Quin tu aliquid Saltem potiùs, quorum indiget usus, incolat ipsa urbes qums Viminibus molliq; paras detexere junco ? extruxitautem placeant nobis præ cæ- Invenies alium, si te hic fastidit, Alexim. teris rebus. ena sectatur lupum, lupus ipse capellam, petulans capella sectatur cytisum : te Corydon sectaur, ô Alexi : unusquisque rapitur sua voluptate. Vide, en juvenci referunt domum aratra sublevata juso: et sol occidens auget crescentes umbras: me tamen amor inflammat : nam quis potest esse finis in apore? Ah Corydon, Corydon, quænam insania te occupavit! Habes in ulmo frondoså vitem mediâ ex parte recisam : eur non potiùs conaris saltem texere vimine, aut junco flexili, aliquid carum rerum, quarum eget vita rustica ? Reperies alium Alexim, si hic te despicit.

70

Ferox le

NOTES. 51. Mala. We would translate it quinces, Pubentesque rosæ primos moriuntur ad with Servius, and all the commentators ; austros. whereof the white are the best and most 61. Dardaniusque Paris. Paris was ex. fragrant. See Pliny, XXI. 6. But the de- posed by his father in a wood, in order to scription here given seems rather to suit elude the oracle, which foretold that he was the peach, as Mr. Dryden renders it. to be the destruction of Troy.

53. Cerea. Of a beautiful colour as wax. 61. Pallas condidit. Meaning that she first See La Cerda.

invented and taught persons to build stately 57. Iolas. Those who think Corydon per- structures. sonates Virgil, and Alexis the slave of Mæ- 66. Aratra jugo suspensa. These words cenas whom he loved, by Iolas here of allude to the manner of bringing home the course understand Mecenas.

plough, when the labour of the day is over. 58. Floribus Austrem immisi. A prover. It is then drawn backward : thus the share, bial expression, applicable to those who not entering the ground, glides easily along, wish for things that prove destructive to and may be said to be only just hung upon them; the south wind by its hot sultry qua- the yoke. lity being noxious to flowers. Hence Pa. pin. lib. III. Sylv.