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experimental school of philosophy. The enrichment of the storehouse of Natural Philosophy, was a work,' he says, 'begun by the single care and conduct of the excellent lord Verulam, and is now prosecuted by the joint undertakings of the Royal Society.'* So in a letter to Mr. Oldenburg, Archdeacon Childrey says, that he had for several years been engaged in those philosophical matters which form the business of the Royal Society, though, indeed,' he adds, 'I first fell in love with the lord Bacon's

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* Philosophical Transactions, No. 20, p. 391. In another place he says, 'When our renowned lord Bacon had demonstrated the methods for a perfect restoration of all parts of real knowledge, the success became on a sudden stupendous, and effective philosophy began to sparkle and even to flow into beams of bright shining light all over the world.' Many of the chief universities in Christendom have formed themselves into philosophical societies, and have largely contributed their aids to advance lord Bacon's design for the instauration of arts and sciences.'-Pref. to Phil. Trans. for 16721677. Mr. Oldenburg, it should be remembered, was a foreigner.

Philosophy in the year 1646;'* and in the introduction to his Britannia Baconica he observes, that he had given his work that title, in order to indicate its connection with those studies which Bacon originated. In addition to these conclusive testimonies, there is the authority of the learned and gentle Evelyn, whose amiable character inspired some of Cowley's sweetest strains, who forcibly says, that by standing up against the dogmatists, Bacon emancipated and set free philosophy; and which hath ever since made conquests in the territories of nature.'† Numerous other writers of this period might be cited, all doing grateful homage to Bacon as the Patriarch of Experimental Philosophy.'+

* Wood's Athena Oxonienses, vol. 3, p. 904.-Bliss's edition.

Evelyn's Numismata, and see the introduction to his Sylva; Ed. Phil. Trans., vol. 8, pp. 402, 403.

See particularly Glanvill's Plus Ultra, or the Advancement of Learning since the days of Aristotle, pp. 52, 87, 88. In his Vanity of Dogmatizing, published in 1661, and in a work which he called Scepsis

The public sanction given to the philosophy of Bacon by the incorporation of the Royal Society, excited considerable alarm among those who still adhered to the antiquated doctrines of the schools, which found expression, not in argument, but in violent abuse of the whole body of experimentalists, and of Bacon and the Royal Society in particular. The most notable advocate for the Aristotelians was Dr. Henry Stubbe,—a man of various learning, but of no fixed principles, and, as we learn from his biographer, of 'a

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Scientifica, Glanvill eminently distinguished himself as an advocate for the New Philosophy; he likewise engaged in a controversy with Dr. Henry Stubbe on the same subject. Glanvill's first work was answered by Thomas White, in his Sciri, under the assumed name of Anglus. Hobbes of Malmesbury,' says Wood, 'had a great respect for White, and when he lived in Westminster, he would often visit him, and he Hobbes ; but seldom parted in cool blood; for they would wrangle, squabble, and scold about philosophical matters like young sophisters, though either of them was eighty years of age.'-Athena Oxon. vol. 3, p. 1248.Bliss's edit.

hot and restless head, his hair being carrotcoloured.'* He does not disguise the reason of his reiterated attacks upon Bacon, but expressly says, that it is because his repute was great in that age, and the Royal Society pretended to tread in his footsteps;' and, to express his utmost contempt for the experimental philosophers, this learned doctor commonly called them a Bacon-faced generation; against whom,' he says, we must rise as high in our resentments as the concerns of the present age and of posterity can animate us.'† How true is Hobbes's

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* Wood's Athen. Oxon. vol. 3, p. 1072.-Bliss's edit. 'Some years after the King's restoration,' says his biographer, 'he took pet against the Royal Society, (for which before he had a great veneration,) and being encouraged by Dr. Jo. Fell, no admirer of that society, became in his writings an inveterate enemy against it for several pretended reasons.'-Ib., pp. 1070, 1.

+ Stubbe's Legends no Histories; or, a Specimen of some Animadversions upon the History of the Royal Society. Pref. 4to. Lond. 1670. The following is an amusing specimen of Dr. Stubbe's abusive attacks :— 'Who knows not,' he asks, 'how Herbary had been

aphorism, that as oft as reason is against a man, so oft will a man be against reason! *

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We have before remarked, that the honourable Robert Boyle became a member of the Oxford Philosophical Club- the incunabile,' says Aubrey, † 'of the Royal

improved by Theophrastus, Dioscorides, the Arabians, and other Peripatetics? who can deny that Physic, in every part of it, was improved by Galen and others, before the lord Bacon ever sucked? and what accessionals had not Chemistry received by the cultivation of the Aristotelians, before his House of Solomon was dreamed of? Let us, therefore, not be concluded by the aphorisms of this Lord. Let his insulse adherents buy some salt, and make use of more than one grain when they read him; and let us believe better of the ancients than that their methods of science were so unfruitful.'-Lord Bacon's Relation of the Sweating Sickness examined, Pref.

Tripos, Ep. Ded. The copy which we use formerly belonged to the late sir James Mackintosh, whose numerous marks show how diligently he had studied this treatise. In another work of Hobbes, there is the following interesting entry in sir James's own hand:'Bot. in a Parsee's shop in Bombay, 22nd Octr., 1806. Neither Zoroaster nor Hobbes foresaw the conjunction.'

† Vol. 2, p. 583; and see Note (F.)

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