Wales endemic; local in England, national in Wales." The reason for this difference is simple. The Church of England lost her hold on the Welsh people, as she has lost her hold on every Celtic race under British sway, because for a century and a half her rulers trampled on Welsh nationality, despised the Welsh language and tra ditions, and ignored the character, temperament, and peculiar require ments of the Welsh people. The strength of the church was matched against the strength of Welsh nation ality, and a struggle of that kind could only end, as it has ended, in defeat and humiliation for the church.

The higher ranks of the clergy were closed to Welshmen. As a consequence of this, the men of talent and energy, the born leaders of the Welsh people, sought in the Nonconformist ministry the career that was denied them in the church. "For a hundred and fifty years every teacher, whose name lives in the hearts of the Welsh people, has been almost without exception a Nonconformist." (Dean Edwards.) Such are a few of the results of the perverse, anti-national policy which was persisted in until a little over twenty years ago; and it says no little for the essential vitality of the Welsh church that she was not killed outright by the mistakes and experi

ments of her rulers.

THE PRESENT POSITION.

How, then, stands the case now? The grosser abuses of non-residents, pluralities and nepotism have disappeared; for the last twenty years native prelates have been appointed to Welsh seers; the other dignities of the church are at least not closed to the Welsh-speaking clergy; the antinational policy of the church has been to a great extent reversed; and in every direction much has been done to remove external conditions unfavorable

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to her growth. Many churchs have been built or restored. The clergy are now better educated, better disciplined, and more enthusiastic in their work. The church has entered with spirit into a new crusade against Nonconformity and heathenism, tho' peahaps with too great a disposition to confound the two. It still remains to be decided whether, now that she is so far freed of her fetters, she will be strong enough to contend with Nonconformity on its own ground,and to win back any considerable phrtion of the Welsh people to her fold. She is confronted by no mean antagonist. As to the reality of the forms that have been effected, and of the consequent progrees that the Church has made, there can be no manner of doubt,. All liberal-minded Nonconformists must rejoice that the Church has begun to take her proper part in the work of advancing the moral wellbeing of the Welsh people. The weakness of the Church in Wales during tne past two centuries has been a source of weakness to the Welsh nation at large. The social and reli. gous life of Wales has lost greatly from this cause, especially in respect of those qualities of order, reverence, and dignity which characterise the Church of England at her best. So far as the efforts of the Church are directed to bringing within her fold those who do not belong to any Christian communion, Free Churchmen will wish her God-speed.

THE PRESENT DISADVANTAGES OF THE

CHURCH.

Two serious disadvantages result to the Church from the comparative neglect of the Welsh languagǝ. One is the weakness of the Ceurch vernacular press, of which something has been said above. But a far more important source of weakness to the Church is her lack of great preachers

in the vernacular. Like all Celtic nations, the Welsh are pasionately fond of oratory. Their taste in this respect is catholic. A great preacher draws crowds to hear him wherever he goes, whether he be Churchman, Methodist, or Indpendent. But for the last one hundred and fifty years pulpit eloquence has been virtually banished from the Churches of Wales. The young curate who desires to form his Welsh preaching style finds his best models in the sermons of the great Nouconformist preachers. No one who knows the Welsh character can suppose that the people of Wales will be won for the Church without preaching. Yet preaching of the kind that alone appeals tothe impassioned nature of the Celt is discouraged by all the staid traditions of the Anglican Church, and meets with acknowledgment in the shape of ecclesiastical preferment. The appointment to a vacant see of one of the few Welsh clergymen who are in rnpute as preachers would do a service to the cause of the Church among the Welsh far greater than any which prelates appointed for their learning or their fihgting qualities are likely to render To set a small value on the gift of oratory is to show lack of insight into the peculiar requiremets of the Welsh people. Apart from difficulties connected with the distinctive language and peculiar temperament of the Welse, the Church has naturally to deal with others arising from the longcontinued predominance of Nonconformity in Wales. The difficulties of Episcopalianism in Wales are similar in kind to what they are Scotland. The prevalence of democratic ideas of Church goverment have called into existance a number of intellectual needs and social aspirations, such as the Anglican Church will ffud it difficult to satisfy without considerable modifications in her system. What attrac

tions, for instance, has the Church to the influential class of Welshmen from which the blaenoriaid (elders or dea cons) of the chapels are chosen? There are probably 20,000 of these blaenoriaid in Wales. They are the very elite of the middle and lower classes. The duties of the office which they hold give them a good training in public speaking, and opportunities of doing useful servise of various kinds, such as in the Church are confined to the ordained clergy.

CONCLUSION.

The Church in Wales has, doubtless, many natural advantages. The very fact that her history has been linked with that of the Cymric race since the dawn of their civilisation appeals strongly to the sentiment of an imaginative people like the Welsh. She has at her back the enthusiastic support of the Church of England, at a time when that Church is strong, efficient, and comparatively popular. Her oneness with the Church of England is now her strength, as in the past it has been her weakness. Nevertheless, taking into account the slowness she displays in placing herself en rapport with national sentiment and the many external difficulties with which she has to contend, I cannot but think that her progress in Wales will necessarily be confined within comparatively narrow limits. That she may fill an honorable place in the national life of Wales, none will deny. But that place will assuredly not be the position of supremacy which she covets and claims as her right. From the Review of the Churches.

WELSH GENERALS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMY.

Our next purpose will be to give some account of those Cymry and their descendants, who fought and bled on the field of battle, in our kevolutionary struggle.

Dr. John Morgan, who was Surgeon-in-chief of the American army, and one of the founders of the Philadelphia Medical School, the first institution of the kind established in America, was of a Welsh family.

Among the Captains of the Revolution was John Marshall, the late Chief Justice; Rogers, who was with Geo. Rogers Clark in the conquest of Illinois; Anthony Morris, of Philadelphia, who fell at the battle of Princeton; Isaac Davies and Capt. Davies,

who fell at the battle of Concord; Lieut. Shelby, who served in the expedition to the Scioto in 1774.

Among the Divines of that period

of the war were: The Revs. David Jones, Samuel Davie, David Williams.

Among the framers of the American Constitution were: Gouverneur Morris, William Few, James Madison, and others.

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The history of their heroic deeds would fill volumes.

All we can do on the present occasion, will be to notice a few of the most prominent among them.

We commence with General Wayne, who, from his daring acts of courage, was called "Mad Anthony." He was a Cymro by descent, on both his father's and his mother's side; the latter bore the name of Giddings or Gethings, pronounced in Welsh Gething. He was born in Chester county, Pa., in 1745, and wase ducated in Philadelphia, and, like Washington, assumed the profession of a surveyor. In 1773, he entered the General As

sembly of the State; but, soon after, relinquished his post and entered the field, as a soldier, in 1775. He received the appointment of Colonel, and went with Gene: al Thomas to Canada. At the close of the cam. paign he was appointed BrigadierGeneral. He was with Washington at the hard-fought battles of Braudywine, Germantown and Monmouth, in all of which he was distinguished for his valor.

"And now I've closed my epic strain,
I tremble as I show it,
Lest this same warrior drover Wayne
Should ever catch the poet."

Andre, while under arrest and about to be condemned, penned the following:

"When the epic strain was sung,

The poet, by the neck, was hung, And to his cost, he finds too late, The dung-born tribe decides his fate." After having filled many distinguished positions in civil life, he died, in 1796, aged 51 years; and lies buried at Radnor church, Delaware Co, Pa., which was erected by Welsh settlers in 1717, in what was called "The Welsh Tract."

General Daniel Morgan's career, at the head of a brave rifle brigade, during the Revolution, is too well known to require an extended notice.

This "Wagoner General," as he was called, descended from a Welsh famly, and was born in New Jersey in 1737, and at an early age emigrated to Virginia. He was a private sold ier in Braddock's expedition. His early occupation was that of a wagoner. He distinguished himself at Quebec with Montgomery and Arnold, and was taken prisoner. After his

exchange he was made colonel of the 11th Virginia regiment, in which his own rifle company was incorporated. His subsequent services were of the most heroic and brilliant character. He performed great services feated; and by his subsequent victory at Stillwater, when Burgoyne was de

over Tarleton, at the battle of the

Cowpens, in South Carolina, he gave

the first check to the victorious British army in that quarter.

This important victory imparted new courage to the drooping spirits of the patriots, and inspired them with fresh hopes. Congress voted him a gold medal, in token of respect for his services. He served under Gates and Green at the South, and was in many of the hardest fought battles. On one of the flags of his rifle corps was inscribed, "Liberty or Death." His rifle company was the first ever organized in the country. He died at Winchester, Va., in 1802, aged 67.

General Isaac Shelby, whose ances tors came from Wales, was born in Maryland in 1750. His profession was that of a surveyor. His services in defen-e of liberty were as he roic as they were valuable. He was with his father, Evan Shelby, at Point Pleasant, in 1774; and first entered the Continental service as captain of a company of Virginia minute men. He became afterwards attached to the commissary department. One of his most brilliant actions was the defeat of Furgerson at the battle of King's Mountain, when in command of a reg iment. He afterwards served with Marion, and was at the battle of Monks' Corner. After having served in the Legislature of North Carolina, he removed to Kentucky, where he assisted in forming its Constitution, and was subsequently Governor of the State.

He again entered the service of the United States in 1812, at 62 years

of

age; and marched to Lake Erie at the head of 6,000 Volunteers, and served during the war with courage, activity, and honor to his country. For his brilliant conduct at the battle of the Thames, Congress voted him a gold medal. He was afterwards of fered the office of Secretary of War by President Monroe; but he was compelled to decline it, on the ground of his advanced years. He died in Kentucky at the age of 76.

General John Cadwallader was of a Welsh family, and born in Philadel phia. He received the appointment of Brigadier General in 1777, and bravely fought the battles of Princeton, Brandywine and Monmouth. He fought a duel with General Conway, because he had intrigued with Gates against Washington, and was severely wounded. He afterwards removed to Maryland, became a member of the Legislature, and died in 1786, aged 43; and was wealthy and liberal to a fault.

Major General Charles Lee, who for the greater part of the Revolutionary war was second in command to the commander-in-chief, was born in Wales in 1731.

He adopted the military profession early in life, and acquired a knowledge of several continental languages. He came to America in 1756, and distinguished himself in the wars against the French and Indians. He dwelt, for a time, with the Mohawk Indians, and was made chief of the tribe under the name, in Mohawk dialect, of "Boiling Water." In 1762 he bore a colonel's commission and served under Burgoyne in Portugal. He returned to England, engaged in politics, and afterwards rambled all over Europe. He met with a favorable reception everywhere, and finally became aid to Poniatowski, King of Poland. He afterwards went with the King's ambassador to Turkey; and from thence

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returned, in 1773, via Paris to America, and purchased lands in Virginia. Resigning his commission in the British army, he received the appointment of Major General in the Continental service. He was made a prisoner and afterwards exchanged for Gen. Prescott. He had all the Tories of Rhode Island arrested, and rendered many important services before Charleston and in other parts of the country. He was admitted to have been one of the ablest Generals in the Continental army; and no evidence has ever appeared to show that he was not a sincere and devoted republican. As a Cymro, he loved his race, and boldly denounced King George the Third; but spoke well of the Prince of Wales. There exists no evidence that he ever aspired to be commander-in chief; and the retreat ordered at Monmouth, it was said, arose from a misunderstanding of orders. Washington's mind was, probably, poisoned against him, by those who envied his position and were disposed to look upon him with unjust suspicion. After his suspension from command, in 1780, his republicanism remained to the last. He died in Philadelphia, in the "Slate House," (at one time the residence of William Penn), Oct. 2, 1781, aged 51; and was buried in the Christ church burial ground in that city (Episcopal), where also sleep the remains of General Mercer, Captain Anthony Morris, and Dr. Franklin. He died poor. His last words were: "Stand by me, Grenadiers!" The history of his Monmouth trouble remains to be written.

General Morgan Lewis was the son of a native of Wales, and was a well known citizen of New York. He was aid-de-camp to General Gates at the battle of Saratoga; and, on the surrender of the English army at that place, was requested by him to receive the sword of General Burgoyne.