2) In Verbs of Conj. 3., which adopt in the Perfect the Character 1 of Conj. 4. cupi-tum; peti-tum; quaesi-tum; trī-tum; arcessi-t-um; capessi-t-um; facessi-t-um; lacessi-tum. 3) In U-verbs: indū-t-um (indu-ĕre). Except ru-t-um or ru-I-t-um (ru-ère); lu-i-t-um (lu-ĕre); fru-Ĭ-tum (fru-i). 4) In Consonant Verbs with the Characters c (after a Vowel) × p, n, m (with euphonic p), r, 1 (after a, u): dic-tum, duc-tum, nactum, tex-tum, ap-tum, comp-tum, par-tum, al-tum, consul-tum, &c. Also stru-c-t-um (from stru-ere for stru-ic-ère). For Exceptions see III. On the Vowel-change which occurs in the close syllable of many Supines affec-tum (afficere), cul-tum (colere). See § 12. xxiv. 5) In sta-t-um (stā-re), sometimes stă-t-um. But dă-t-um (dă-re) keeps ǎ short. II. T is added to the Stem with mutation of Consonants. 1) The Guttural Characters g, gv, qv, h, in Conj. 3. become c when t follows (see § 12. xxvi. II.): a-c-t-um (ag-ĕre); fra-c-t-um (frang-ère); un-c-t-um (ungu-ère); co-c-t-um (coqu-čre); -li-ct-um (linqu-ère); tra-c-t-um (trah-ĕre) ; ve-c-t-um (veh-ĕre). Also vi-c-t-um (viv-ĕre); experre-c-t-um (experg-isci); pis-t-um (pinsĕre). See Syllabus. III. T is joined to the Stem by i, in the following Verbs of Conj. 3. with Nasal Character: frem-i-t-um, gem-i-t-um, gen-i-t-um, vom-i-t-um. Also in elic-t-t-um, fug-t-t-um, bib-t-t-um, cub-i-t-um, strep-it-um, mol--t-um, coal--t-um (coalesc-ère), pos-i-t-um, lu-i-t-um, ru-l-t-um, fru-l-t-um. IV. T is added to the Clipt Stem without mutation of Consonants in the following : : A-verbs seca- sec-t-um; frica- fric-t-um; eneca- enec-t-um. E-verbs doce- doc-t-um; tene- ten-t-um; misere- miser-i-t-um (or miser-t-um). I-verbs amici amic-t-um; sanci- sanc-t-um (or sanc-i-tum); vinci- vinc-t-um; sacpi- saep-t-ur; aperi- aper-t-um; comperi comper-t-um; experi- exper-t-um; opperi- opper-t-um; orior-t-um; reperi- reper-t-um; sali- sal-t-um; sepeli- sepul-t-um (with vowel-change); věni- ven-t-um. The Participle mor-t-u-us from mori-or is an irregular formation, in the nature of an Adjective, from mor-s, mor-ti-, death. V. T is joined to the Clipt Stem with mutation of Consonants : 1) A- and E-verbs in v-a-, v-e-, vocalise v, and form contractions u-u × ù; a-u × au or ō; o-u × ō: A-verbs: iuva- iu-t-um; lava- lau-t-um, lō-t-um. E-verbs: cave- cau-t-um; fave- fau-t-um; fove- fō-t-um; movemō-t-um; vove- vō-t-um. 2) The Consonant is changed by Assimilation in the following: E-verbs auge- auc-t-um; torre- tos-t-um; sorbe- sorp-t-um. I-verb: hauri- haus-t-um (hau-sum). 3) The Consonant is excluded in the following: E-verbs indulge- indul-t-um; misce- mis-t-um (mix-tum); torque- tor-t-um. I-verbs farci- far-t-um; fulci- ful-t-um; sarci- sar-t-um. VI. T is joined to the Clipt Stem by i: 1) In the A-verbs crepa- crep--t-um; cuba- cub-i-t-um; plica- plic-t-t-um (or-atum); doma- dom-ž-t-um; sona- son-ž-t-um; tona- ton--t-um; veta- vet-ž-t-um. 2) In most E-verbs: mone- mon-i-t-um. VII. T joined to the True Stem becomes s : 1) In Dental Verbs of Conj. 3.: a) The Dental is excluded: es becomes x, and a short Vowel is lengthened by Compensation : flect- flexum ; nect- nexum; amplect- amplexum ; ūt- ūsum; vertversum; pend- pensum; fu-n-d- fūsum; căd- casum; caedcaesum; divĭd- divisum. So clau-sum, cũ-sum, -fen-sum, fi-sum, prehen-sum, scan-sum, &c. But tend- ten-sum or ten-tum; tv-n-d- tun-sum or tū-sum; nīt- ni-sum or nixum. b) The Dental becomes assimilated to s: ced- cessum; fi-n-d- fissum; sci-n-d- scissum; met- messum ; fre-n-d fressum; fod-i- fossum ; pat-i- passum; quat-i- quassum. Add to these mitt- missum; pand- passum (or pansum), and, with vowel-change, fat-i-sc- fessum; grad-i- gressum. 2) In Guttural Verbs, the Guttural falling out between r and s : parc- parsum; sparg- sparsum; merg- mersum; terg- tersum. 3) In Verbs with Character rr or 11, dropping one Liquid: curr- cursum ; verr- versum; fall- falsum; cell- celsum. And, with Vowel-change, pell- pulsum; percell- perculsum; vell- vulsum. 4) The following are special instances: fig- fixum; Alu- (flugv-)fluxum; lab- lapsum; prem- pressum. VIII. T joined to the Clipt Stem becomes s : a) The Dental being excluded, &c. E-verbs: arde- arsum; morde- morsum; pende- pensum; prande- pransum; ride- risum; suade- suasum; sponde- sponsum; tonde- tonsum; vide- visum; aude- ausum. But gaude- (for gav-Id-e-), gavisum. In I-verbs senti- sensum; assenti- assensum; ordi- orsum. 6) The Dental being assimilated to s: sede- sessum; fate- fassum. 2) After Gutturals following r or 1: mulce- mulge- mulsum; terge- tersum. 3) In special instances : iube- iussum ; cense- censum; haere- haesum; mane- mansum; meti- mensum (mentior may have been the original Present). Note. The importance of the Supine-Stem lies in the Participles derived from it, not in the Supines themselves, which are com paratively little used by Latin authors. SECTION IV. Composition of Verbs. I. The Prepositions compounded with Verbs are: sed- sē, apart. sus,' up (susque deque). B) Inseparable : ambi- (amb-), around, about; dis-, di-, in different parts or ways; To which some add por (= Gr. πpori), an or in (=drá). flect ver ced fread ed before other letters: o, affero, alludo, annuo, appono, acquiro, arrideo, cohaereo, cognosco. So ignosco. Note comědo. chibeo, excedo, exquiro, expello, extruo, extraho. hers: educo, eludo, emitto, erumpo, evoco. are assimilated before c, g, p, f: occurro, ogganono, offero, succedo, suppono, suggero, sufficio. a before other letters: beo, obicio, oblino, obruo, obsisto, obtineo, obvenio, o, subiungo, subrideo, subsido, subtraho. o, operio, ostendo, surripio, summoveo, summitto. anged only in the Verbs pellicio, pelluceo, peiero. ecomes tra before d, n, and i-consonans : trado, trano, traicio. s: transcribo. ore others: transfero, transeo, transmitto. omposition with Verbs: except super subter o prod-eo prod-igo prod-esse, &c. (aupi) becomes am- before p : amputo, amplector. ssimilated before f: differo. Fore gutturals, labials, t, t-consonans, and s with liscerpo, dispello, distraho, disicio, dissero. But with consonant, and before other consonants: diruo, distringo, divello. ibeo for dis-hibeo, dir-imo for dis-imo. es authority. Such words as obtineo, obtuli, &c. compared ew that it has no euphonic use. Obsolesco, often cited as a really (with exolesco, insolesco) a compound of soleo a strengthened form of ob-stare; oscen is from os, for ob tendo is, we believe, for ob-os-tendo, stretch before the tself a distinct compound. And, if in the two places of Plautus, obtrudo) obstrudo is given, the reading is correct, here the real compound: as in each place it is used of putting cannot, therefore, accept Corssen's view, i. 121. 52 Composition of Verbs. VIII. T joined to the Clipt Stem becomes : a) The Dental being excluded, &c. E-verbs: arde- arsum; morde- morsum; pende- pensum; prande- pransum; ride- risum; suade- suasum; sponde- sponsum; tonde- tonsum; vide- vīsum; aude- ausum. But gaude- (for gav-Id-e-), gavisum. In I-verbs: senti- sensum; assenti- assensum; ordi- orsum, b) The Dental being assimilated to s : sede- sessum; fate- fassum. 2) After Gutturals following r or 1: mulce- mulge- mulsum; terge- tersum. 3) In special instances : iube- iussum ; cense- censum; haere- haesum; mane- mansum; meti- mensum (mentior may have been the original Present). Note. The importance of the Supine-Stem lies in the Participles derived from it, not in the Supines themselves, which are com paratively little used by Latin authors. SECTION IV. Composition of Verbs. I. The Prepositions compounded with Verbs are: sed- sē, apart. sus,' up (susque deque). B) Inseparable : ambi- (amb-), around, about; dis-, di-, in different parts or ways; To which some add por (= Gr. porí), an or in (= árá). a before m, v amitto, avoco. abs before c, t: abscedo, abscondo, absterreo. au before f: aufero, aufugio. But a fui, afore. ab before other letters: abeo, abdo, abīgo, abiungo, ablūdo, abnuo, abrādo, absisto, abundo. 2) Ad remains before b, d, h, i, m, v, and vowels: adbibo, addo, adhibeo, adiungo, admitto, advoco, adeo, adoro. Becomes a- before gn, sc, sp: agnosco, ascendo, aspicio (but ad may remain). On sus, see Corssen ii. 580. He derives it from sup-us (= supinus), related to Greck , a locative form, out of which grew sup-s-i, sup-s, sus. |