Marshal Daroust, Prince of Eckmuhl, has a corps of nearly 40,000 men, and has moved to Schwerin (7), by hich MajorGeneral Von Vigesack, who covered Wismar (8) aaho belongs to this corps, Count Walmoden's, was separated from our right, with five thousand Swedes, and he is at present moving on the left flank of the Prince of Eckmuhl. We may, perhaps, now change our plan of operations, and become offensive.-Aflairs bear altogether a very favourable aspect.

(A) I inclose a copy of a very interesting letter from the Prussian minister Sack, at Berlin, also an intercepted one (B) from Buonaparte to Marshal Davoust; the messenger bearing the letter was taken on the left bank of the Elbe the day before the armistice expired: I also send you a statement of the positions of the French Armies on the 10th (C) inst. and an Anecdote of a Cossack and a French Officer (D).

I expect to be able to give you in my next a statement of the attack upon Lauenburg by the French.--We shall shortly have soine news from the Grand Army. The arrival of General Moreau, and the Prince Royal of Sweden commanding, is a great shock to Napoleon, and he has prohibited their names being mentioned in his army.-We had a report a few days since of the whole garrison in Leipzig (9) having laid down their arms and huzzaed on learning of Moreau's arrival.

of St. Nicholas, in the Palace Square, was destroyed by fire. Here are two large orphan houses for the children of the soldiers, an extensive poor-house and hospital, and a capital foundery for fire-arms. On a hill near the city is the Royal Palace of Sans Souci, which is but small, and only one story high, yet its singu larity and grandeur are astonishing. Potsdam has numerous manufactures of silk, velvet, cotton, linen,&c.—It is 17 miles S. W. of Berlin.-Lon. 18.7 E. Lat. 52.25 N. (7) A town of Lower Saxony, capital of the Duchy of Mecklenburg Schwerin. It is divided into four parts; viz. Schwerin, the New Town, the Island of Schelf, and the Moor, which are all nearly encircled by a beautiful lake. Schwerin was the seat of a Count, which title is still borne by the Dukes of Mecklenburg. The principal church is a fine Gothic pile, with a lofty spire. The Ducal Palace and Gardens are on an island in the lake, and have a communication with the town by a drawbridge.—It is 35 miles W.S. W. of Gustrow.-Lon. 11. 38 E. Lat. 53. 56 N. (8) A strong sea-port of Lower Saxony, in the Duchy of Mecklenburg, with a citadel. By the peace of Westphalia, in 1648, it became the property of Sweden; but it has suffered frequently in subsequent wars; the last time, in 1716, when it was taken by the Northern Confederates, who, at the end of the following year, blew up and razed its former fortifications. The three principal churches, the town-house, and the palace of Mecklenburg, are the most remarkable buildings. The Royal Swedish tribunal for the German dominions of that crown is established at this place. It is seated on a bay of the Baltic, 30 miles E. by N. of Lubeck, and 83 W.S. W. of Mostack. Lon. 11. 34 E. Lat 53. 56 N.

(9) A city of Upper Saxony, in Misnia, with a famous university, and a strong

Document (A) alluded to in foregoing Letter.

Extract of a Letter from M. de Sack, Minister at Berlin, to Mr. Kahlransch, Principal Royal Medical Officer.

Berlin, 20th August, 1813.-(Extract.)—The difficulties to provision the hundred thousand men in and near Berlin have been very great, on account of the exhausted state in which this part is, from the very great exertions which have been made for this long time past;-to-morrow, however, I expect they will be lessened.

The Crown Prince breaks up to-morrow with the Swedish army for Potzdam The Russians, under Winzingerode, make a movement from Teltow upon Brandenburg. Bulow's head-quarters are at Gross Zuthen, in the Teltowish district, which is exhausted for many years to come.--Bontell stands in Mittenwald.

The French, who are in our immediate front, are not above 30,000 strong, according to the accounts of French deserters from the 94th regiment of the line, which the Crown Prince formerly commanded.-Luckau, Lubben, and Bareith, are occupied; the latter place is the head-quarters of Oudinot.

Saxony is clear of the enemy as far as the Spree; likewise the Old Mark. General Benningson is expected in Cottbun, and Blucher presses forward to join this Grand Army here. That General Jomini* has gone over to the Russians, you know; and that in consequence Breslaw was occupied on the 12th by the Russians, before the French could do so, as their intention was.

To-day I hear, for certain, that 4,000 Saxons have gone over to the Austrians. A great conspiracy has been detected among Napoleon's guards; he was to have been murdered.

Document (B) alluded to in preceding Letter.

Copy of an intercepted Letter from Buonaparte to Marshal Dacoust. MY COUSIN, The Duke of Reggio has left Bareith this morning

citadel, called Pleyssenburg. It carries on a considerable trade; and has three great fairs every year, which last a fortnight each. Its principal manufactures are silk, gold, and silver stuffs, linen and cotton printing, leather, and paper. The number of inhabitants exceeds 30,000; and the houses, in general, are lofty buildings. There are six handsome colleges, belonging to the University, beside the private colleges; and the exchange is a fine structure. Leipzig was taken by the Prussians in 1745 and 1756; the Austrians, in 1756, besieged it in vain-they took it two years after, but were soon obliged to give it up. It is seated on a plain, on the river Pleysse, 60 miles W.N. W. of Dresden. Lon. 12. 20. E. Lat. 51. 19. N.

* General Jomini was Buonaparte's Quarter-Master-General, a man of great talents. At the battle of Bautzen a position of the French was taken precisely as is represented by one of the plates in his military work.

with 80,000 men.-I suppose you will have attacked the enemy before you, either this day or to-morrow. Should the enemy be inferior to you in point of numbers, do not let yourself be masqued by a rabble; such as the Hanseatics, the legion and the troops under Walmoden.-There are no good troops opposed to you except the Swedes, and about the fourth part of what Bulow has, which are troops of the line.-I have received your letter of the 13th.-I move my head-quarters to Görlitz.-The Emperor Alexander is at Prague. The Russians have entered Bohemia. The Prussians have crossed the neutral territories in Silesia.-We are in motion.

NAPOLEON.

Document (C) in preceding Letter.

Position of the French Armies on the 10th of August 1813.

Mortier

The New Guards ...... Freystadt in Silesia

Napoleon, with the whole Reserve, between Bautzen and Dresden.

Document (D) alluded to in preceding Letter.

Anecdote of a Cossack and a French Officer.

As a proof of the great attachment that exists between a Cossack and his horse, the following occurrence, that happened a short time ago, will not be uninteresting.

A Cossack had taken a French officer, and whilst in the act of dressing himself in the officer's clothes, whom he had stripped according to custom, the officer watched the moment that the Cossack was endeavouring to force his strong arms through the tight sleeves of his coat, and when he thought his arms sufficiently confined, the officer jumped on the Cossack's horse and galloped off full speed. The Cossack, instead of running after him, as might have been supposed, remained perfectly quiet, and only whistled twice, upon which the horse instantaneously stopped short, and notwithstanding all whipping and spurring, galloped back to his master who received the officer with a most unmerciful beating.

List of the Ex-French Generals now at the Head-Quarters of the

Allied Army.

Moreau, Major-General and Chief of the Staff.

Rewbell, Lieut.-General, son of the celebrated Director Rewbell. Guichard, Lieut.-General.

De Jomini, Do.

Sir,

MILITARY CORRESPONDENCE.

CAMPAIGN IN AMERICA.

THE campaign in the United States having necessarily been limited to the defensive, it is so difficult to speak of it in a military point of view, that I shall not allude to it more than to elucidate part of the map which is annexed.

The strength of our positions on the Erie end of the Lakes has been demonstrated by the gallant conduct of the small number of troops stationed at that post.

The importance of our positions in the centre appears to have been undervalued, and, owing to the naval preponderance of the enemy they have been abandoned; not, however, without giving the assailants strong proofs of the gallantry and skill of our troops. The last accounts left our officers in anxious expectation that the line would soon be re-occupied: should this be the fortunate result, it is to be hoped that care will be taken to preserve the naval ascendancy in future.

But the most important line which the annexed map exhibits, is that of the Hudson and Lake Champlain, the great military line which fronts the strong, and offers a powerful barrier to the weak, country. The Eastern States are preserved from attack by it, and they are enabled to debouche from it on the Jerseys, Pennsylvania, and Maryland.

The great roads down the Hudson and Connecticut, and another between these two, will be found clearly exhibited.

Those branching to Portland, Boston, and Rhode Island, are also marked.

In hopes that these few memoranda, will serve to elucidate the Memoir on the Vulnerable Points of the United States,

I remain, Sir, yours, &c.

10th Sept. 1813.

• See p. 325, vol, ii, et seg.

P. C. A.