291. Sine me.... tui: 'allow me to entertain these hopes from you.' 298. Nec partum.... manet: nor is it a slight obligation that she has conferred in giving us such a son.'

:

315. Ante to complete the sense, some words must be supplied; antequam ipsi moriantur; Serv.; or, antequam ad castra hostium perveniant; supposing that the Rutulians whom they killed were lying between the camp and the fortifications. D.

319. Vina: i. e. pitchers, or jars of wine.

330. Premit: i. e. opprimit; he kills.'-Sub.... equis: 'close to the horses.'

337. Deo victus: 'overpowered by wine.'

348. Multâ morte recepit: 'withdrew it after inflicting by the wound certain death.'

350. Furto: i. e. the slaughter carried on under cover of night. 361. Jungeret: sc. se illi.

362. Dat habere: a Græcism; the infinitive for the gerund; as, dat ferre, En. v. 248.

363. Post mortem: after the death of Remulus.

364. Nequidquam: not long to be enjoyed.

365. Messapi: he was not among the slain; verse 523.

374. Immemorem: regardless of the circumstance.'

375. Haud temerè est visum: this passed not unobserved. 377. Tendere contrà: they made no

reply.' Serv.

383. Lucebat: received the moonlight.'

385. Regione viarum: poetically, for vid. En. ii. 737. Fear makes him miss the road by which his escape might have been effected. 386. Imprudens: not aware that Euryalus remained behind.

390. Infelix.... reliqui: Nisus laments his own misfortune, in thus losing his friend. Serv.

408. Tholo the tholus was the central and most elevated portion of the arched ceiling of a temple, from which the spoils taken in war were usually suspended.

427. Me, me: his eagerness to save his friend interrupts his speech; occidite, or some similar verb, is understood.

439. In solo. ... moratur: 'persists in the attack on Volscens alone.'

449. Pater Romanos: Jupiter Capitolinus. H.

459. Et jam.... cubile: repeated from Æn. iv. 584-5.

464. Rumoribus: by different modes of persuasion.' H.

6

481. Hunc in this state.'

483. Sub tanta pericula: 'into such danger.'

486. Te, tua funera: though no variation in this reading has been discovered in the MSS. probably here is some error; for funera, funere is proposed by Heyne. Servius says that funerus, an adjective, is equivalent to funereus; and that its meaning here is, that on her the charge of the funeral rites of Euryalus devolved.

491. Hoc alluding to his head, which she had in view. 500. Incendentem luctus: 'increasing the distress.'

528. Oras.... belli: the limits, the extent of the war.'

535. Lampada: a kind of vessel, containing combustibles, and furnished with hooks; which was thrown in sieges. Cerda.

547. Vetitis....armis: slaves were not in ordinary cases allowed to bear arms before they were manumitted.

548. Parmâque inglorius alba: i. e. with no heroic device upon his escutcheon; he had never distinguished himself in battle.

558. Tecta: the summit of the wall.'

559. Cursu teloque: equalling, in speed, the javelin which he threw. 575. Summis.... pro turribus: on the battlements.'

577. Projecto tegmine: on receiving a wound, he dropped his buckler; therefore, demens.

580. Spiramenta anima: poetically, for the lungs.'

582. Ferrugine. Ibera of Spanish fabric, and a dark colour.' 584. Matris luco: this probably means in a grove sacred to Thalia, here represented as a nymph of the river Symæthus. She had by Jupiter two sons, called Palicus, or Palici, in the plural. One of these, as appears from the next verse, had an altar near the river Symæthus, in a grove consecrated to their mother.

585. Placabilis: Diodorus Siculus says, that this altar was an asylum for fugitive slaves; who could not be forced from it, but on a promise of impunity. D.

588. Liquefacto: Lucretius had already said, Plumbea verò glans etiam longo cursu volvendo liquescit, Lib. vi. 177; or the poet may merely allude to casting the bullet; liquefacto,' which had been formed or fashioned by melting.'

595. Indigna relatu: i. e. heaping reproaches on the enemy; as usual with Homer's heroes.

596. Novo.... regno: by his recent alliance with royalty.'

605. Silvasque fatigant: 'and constantly pursue the game in the woods.'

Serv.

609. Versa.... hastâ: 'with an inverted spear.'

618. Dindyma: where the ceremonies in honour of Cybele were performed. Biforem: Varro is cited by Servius to prove that the Phrygian tibia was formed of two pipes; that on the right had one perforation; that on the left, two.

627. Aurata fronte: with horns gilt."

653. Impune without injury to yourself.'

656. Cætera: used adverbially; in cæterum.

674. Abietibus . . . . @quos: two young men, tall as their native firs

and mountains.'

677. Pro turribus: as two towers.' H.

700. Specus: the gaping wound.'-Reddit: 'pours forth.'

702. Manu: with sword in hand;' comminus.

709. Clypeum this noun is here in the neuter gender.

711. Saxea pila: cones of stone-work, joined by a cement called pozzolana, which hardens in the water.

712. Ponto: 'in the sea.'

715. Prochyta: now Procida. As the surface of this island is in fact level, alta must here be taken as a common epithet for islands elevated above the waves.

716. Inarime: now Ischia, an island rising high out of the water between the promontory of Misenum and Prochyta.

720. Undique conveniunt: i. e. the besiegers.

748. Neque enim is.... auctor: is; talis, par, similis, Serv.; this weapon is not wielded, nor is the wound inflicted, by such a person.' 757. Continud. .... ea cura subisset: ' had that thought immediately

occurred to him.'

772. Felicior.

manu: 'more skilled.' Serv.

773. Ungere. veneno poisoning arrows is spoken of by Minerva as one of the arts practised by Ulysses, Od. a. 263; again it is alluded to, and without reprobation, En. x. 140.

776. Numerosque intendere: to adapt verse and music.'

794. Acerba tuens: 'fiercely lowering;' an expression of Lucretias,

34.

813. Piceum: i. e. sordidum, Serv.; 'foul; discoloured by dust.' 816. Cum poetically, for in.

:

ENEID. BOOK X.

AFTER having rescued Turnus from the Trojan camp, the poet here makes a digression to inform us how these transactions are viewed by the gods.

Æneas returns with succours to his friends, and a bloody conflict

ensues.

1. Domus .. Olympi: on Olympus the ancient poets assign to the gods a palace of similar construction, and applied to the same purposes, as the habitations of the opulent in their own day; though, of course, of infinitely greater magnificence.

5. Incipit ipse: i. e. Jupiter.

6. Quia nam: 'wherefore.'

7. Versa retro: for mutata, H.; 'changed.'

11. Ne arcessite: 'anticipate not the time.'

13. Exitium. . . .

apertas: i. e. when the Carthaginians, opening a way for their army across the Alps, hereafter shall come to the destruction of the Romans.

14. Res rapuisse: for rapere; 'then plunder will be permitted to the contending parties.' 28. Etolis.... Tydides again Diomedes rises against the Trojans from Ætolian Arpi.' Diomedes came from Ætolia, and built Arpi in Apulia.

29. Vulnera restant: alluding to the wounds which she formerly received from Diomedes, when she was rescuing Æneas.

30. Demoror: 'I must again suffer from.'

34. Manesque: i. e. the shade of Hector. Æn. ii. 294; of Creusa, 780. seqq.; and of Anchises, v. 729, seqq.

35. Nova condere fata: 'plan new destinies.'

39. Manes: the infernal powers.'

40. Movet: sc. Juno-Sors rerum: the dominion of Pluto. Jupiter and Neptune had already been hostile to the Trojans.

42. Nil.. moveor: I do not now entreat for the kingdom;' i. e. which had been promised by Jupiter.

68. Cassandra impulsus furiis: 'impelled by Cassandra's mad predictions.' See Æn. iii. 183.

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72. Fraudem danger.' Serv.

:

83. Nymphas both this and the preceding instance of favour, though by Juno imputed to Venus, were acts of other divinities.

92. Expugnavit: 'plundered as an enemy.

95. Irrita jurgia: groundless complaints.'

102. Tremefacta solo: trembled to its centre.'

103. Posuêre: se, understood.

107. Secat spem: whatever hope each party may indulge.' Quam quisque spem, factis, aperit; ut qui sibi viam aperit. Scaliger. Heyne's interpretation widely differs; the latter half of this line he conceives was meant to be contrasted with the former. Whatever good fortune each party at present enjoys, or whatever hope each by his conduct

may destroy.' Spatio brevi spem longam reseces, Hor. Carm. i. 11. 7. Scaliger's interpretation is more in the manner of Virgil; who does not affect antitheses.

:

108. Fuat apparently the ancient subjunctive present of the verb fuo, signifying existence; from quw: whence fui, and its cognate

tenses come.

109. Fatis Italûm: fatally for the Italians.'

110. Monitisque sinistris: 'oracles and prophecies, leading to its destruction.'

111. Nec Rutulos solvo: nor do I absolve the Rutulians from their fate.'-Sua.... exorsa: that which each has undertaken.'-Laborem .ferent shall produce its consequences.'

113. Fata viam invenient: the fates will accomplish their end;' intimating that they are not under his control.

117. Ad limina : attend him to the door of his private apartment.' D. 130. Hi the besiegers; illi, the besieged.

133. Caput.... detectus: he was without a helmet; as he had been directed to withdraw from the fight; En. ix. 661.

6

136. Terebintho probably ebony;' growing near Oricus in Epire. 151. Conciliet: i. e. by the alliance of Turnus.

153. Admonet reminds him of the instability of fortune.'

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154. Libera fati: now freed from all restraint of the fates;' the augurs had announced that the Tuscans were to be led to war against Mezentius by a foreigner; viii. 498. seqq.

155. Gens Lydia: the Tuscans;' who claimed descent from the Lydians.

157. Phrygios... leones: these animals were sacred to Cybele, the tutelary deity of Phrygia.

158. Ida: a representation of that mountain, grateful to the Trojan feelings, as it reininded them of their native country. There, also, grew the timber of which the fleet had been built; Æn. iii. 6; ix. 88.

161. Jam quærit sidera: he now desires Eneas to point out the stars.-Opace noctis iter: by which he steers his vessels in the night.' H.

169. Corytique leves: and light quivers.'

171. Aurato.... Apolline: with a gilded statue of Apollo.' 172. Populonia mater: Populonia, his native city.'

173. Ilva. Little could the poet foresee that this island of Elba would one day send forth another expedition, almost as inconsiderable in point of numbers, but threatening consequences important to the civilized world.

176. Parent: are subject to his skilful interpretation.' The idea of commanding futurity is here blended with the soothsaying art.

179. Alphea Pisa was said to be built by colonists from Elis in the Peloponnesus, in which the river Alpheus flowed.

Gravisca:

180. Etrusca solo: 'but situated in the Etruscan territory.' 184. Intempesta: 'living in an unhealthy situation." gravisca, dicta sunt, quod gravem aërem sustinent, Cato in Origin. Serv.

188. Crimen the cause of the transformation of Cycnus was his friendship for Phaethon. Serv.-Paterna: Cupavo was the son of Cycnus; this line is obscure, and is thought by Heyne to be an interpolation.

192. Canentem molli plumâ: 'covered with a white, downy plumage. 195. Ille the figure of a Centaur, placed at the bow.

201. Non genus. unum: i. e. of a mixed lineage; partly from Tuscany, partly from Venetia, and partly from Gaul.

202. Gens illi triplex. . . . vires: Ocnus led a force composed of descendants of the three nations mentioned in the preceding note; each of which was subdivided into four tribes; the inhabitants of the Mantuan territory were the most powerful; and, among them, the Tuscans had the predominance.

204. In se Mezentius armat: the odium, in which Mezentius was held, induced them to arm.

205. Patre Benaco .. Mincius: Benacus is a lake in the territory of Verona, now called Lago di Garda. The river Mincius rises out of it; and therefore the epithet patre is added to Benaco. Dav.-Velatus : a river god, as the personification of the Mincius, was placed on the prow of the vessel in which Ocnus and his troops were conveyed.

207. Gravis: brave.' Serv.-Centenâ.... arbore: with a hundred oars; each in size resembling a tree.

215. Concesserat: sc. nocti.-Cœlo: i. e. in cœlo. Serv.

220. Cybebe: the name of the mother of the gods is written either Cyběle, or Cybebe; from Kußtin and Kußißn. Genetrix Berecyntia, En. ix. 82.

221. Numen habere maris: 'to be marine goddesses.'

228. Deûm gens: i. e. dis genite, En. ix. 642. The vestal virgins, when commencing certain ceremonies, thus addressed the rex sacrorum; Vigilasne rex? Vigila. Serv.

234. Refecit: changed.'

235. Dedit esse: according to the Greek idiom; as, donat habere. En. v. 262.-Agitare: diyev, agere.

239. Arcas eques: when Eneas embarked the infantry, he appears (though it is not expressly said) to have given orders that the cavalry should march by the shore towards the camp. Their junction Turnus was taking measures to prevent.

240. Jungant: se, understood.

249. Inde alia: the other Nymphs, in the same manner as Cymodocea, accelerated the course of the remainder of the fleet. Serv.

254. Propinques augurium: 'by your own presence give effect to the augury.

256. Revoluta ruebat: advanced in its revolution.'

270. Capiti: on the head of Æneas.

274. Ille, sitim: imitated by Milton.

Like a comet burn'd-
And from his horrid hair

Shakes pestilence and war.

277. Præcipere: 'to preoccupy.'

6

Paradise Lost. ii. 710-11.

278. Ultro: this line, which appears Æn. ix. 127, is not, in several MSS., here repeated.

279. Quod sc. tempus: the time you have prayed for.'

230. In manibus Mars ipse: the combat is within your own power.' 231. Referto call to memory.'

288. Pontibus: 'framed ladders' for disembarking.-Recursus languentis pelagi: the retreating wave;' not the tide. The shore was nearly flat..

289. Brevibus: to the shoal water;' incipiunt, or some similar verb, understood.

290. Per remos: sc. descendunt: 'others get on shore by help of the oars.'