they have great care taken with their education. The people ap peared to be as much refined as in any place I am acquainted with. There are persons of both sexes in Peru who have titles. I was acquainted with several of the title of Marquis and Marchioness, as well as a number of those of lesser titles. They were taking some measures to improve the militia, but they did not succeed very well. Among the different animals that I have had the opportunity of seeing here, there are not very many that are uncommon The Guanacs is a native of Peru, and is numerous at this place. Several kinds of other quadrupeds have wool, some of which is finer than any I have ever seen. I had a hat that was made of the finer kind, which exceeded any I ever had. Other kinds of quadrupeds, which are common to other places, are likewise very com mon here.

The plains on which Lima stands are rich and fertile. It is beyond belief how many mule loads of grass they bring into the city in a day, to supply the cattle in Lima with, as they never make any hay. I was informed by a gentleman of veracity, that there were three thousand mule loads each day brought into the capital during the year. I do not vouch for the truth of it, but am satis fied they do not give any thing but grass for food to any of their cattle. As to curious birds, I never saw any here, and believe that there are not many to be found in this part of the world. Reptiles are not very plenty in this vicinity. It is not so famous for fish as the coast of Chili.

It is a great place of trade, and has a number of ships passing to and from the bay of Guiaquil, gulf of Panama and Spain, besides the great number already spoken of between the coast of Chili and this place. There is likewise much land transportation to and from the country. The seasons here are pretty much the same the year round, seldom very warm and never cold. It is very uncommon to have rain here, although the atmosphere is generally heavy laden with water. This is occasioned no doubt by the Cordelieras. The mountains evidently attract the moisture, as the clouds always hang heavy about them; yet I have seen it rain there moderately for rearly a whole day together; and at the same time it falls in torrents on the coast of Chili. The dews are generally so heavy as to water the earth sufficiently to make it fertile.

It is allowed that Lima enjoys as many of the bounties of nature as any place whatever, (the earthquakes excepted, which are a counter balance for a great many of their advantages.) The city was a great part of it shaken down previous to 1746. In the year 1687, according to record, it was almost entirely destroyed. A historian says, "they would be too happy if it were not for earthquakes, for the adjacent country is a perfect paradise; producing plenty of corn, wine, oil, sugar, flax, and fruit. The heat of the climate is sonstantly moderated by cool sea breezes, or the land winds from the mountains of the Andes. This city was founded by Pizarro the Spanish general who conquered Peru in 1534, and is by far the greatest mart in the Pacific Ocean on the American side, for all the merchandise of China and the East Indies, as well as Europe, and for the slave trade, as many of the inhabitants of Africa are imported and sold here."

At the different times that I have been at Lima I took out of prison nearly fifty English prisoners, or those that the Spanish considered as Englishmen, which included pretty much all foreigners. Amongst them was an English captain, whose ship was taken in the port of Valparaiso, and he was sent to Lima and confined. I got him out of prison on parole by giving my bond for 10,000 dollars for his good behaviour, and took him away with me. To let a captain of a ship out of prison and go home on his parole of honour is a thing that seldom or never happened before at Lima; but as I found favour in this city, I made the best use of it I could to relieve the distresses of my fellow creatures. This captain's name was James Bacon, a native of London. He got safe to England and wrote me a letter expressing his sentiments on my conduct, as well as that of the government of Lima.

There was another English captain by the name of Rowe confined there at the same time for whom I was not able to obtain a parole, owing to some ignorance or oversight of a man who was too self-sufficient, and who pretended to be his friend. He neglected to get a necessary paper made out in season to send in with the petition that was presented, and which obtained the release of captain Bacon; but the affair was so arranged at the time, between the general of the marine and myself, that captain Rowe was soon after liberated on the same conditions as capt. Bacon was,by the friend

ship and assistance of a Mr. Baxter, whom I left at Lima, and who was suparcargo of the ship Herkimer at the time I took captain Bacon away.

For the satisfaction of the reader I shall here insert the letter which I received from captain bacon.

"London December 29th, 1807.

"HONOURED FRIEND,

"Having made repeated inquiry after your welfare, I have at last the pleasure to hear of your safe arrival home, which I am happy to be informed of, with the hope that you still retain your health, and that your voyage has exceeded your expectations. Dear sir, accept of the greatful acknowledgments of a friend for past favours, whereby your generous heart gave great assistanceliberty and hospitality to an unfortunate man-who would still have suffered and languished in a prison, had it not been for your kind supplication and attention. My friend, when I breathe my last, and not till then, be assured I shall not forget the obligation.

"I am sorry to inform you that we have not had any account of captains Richards, Moody, or Burns, since I saw you; [alluding to three English captains left at Conception.] The boy Joseph has got safe home, he came with captain Le Breton. I shall ever acknowledge your kindness towards him. I hope he behaved well after my departure from yen, [refering to a brother in law of his that I took out of prison.] I should have been happy to have seen Mrs. ***** when I was in America; but coming by the way of New York I could not have that satisfaction. I do not know whether I shall go to sea again or not; but rest assured I consider the obligation I am under, both to you and the Spanish government; and if I make another voyage I shall myself get exchanged first, which will cancel the bond we both lie under. Captain Rowe was liberated on the same terms of parole as I was, and he

has got himself exchanged and is on another voyage. I have but little more to communicate; but that health and prosperity may attend you in all your undertakings, is the sincere wish of

"Your ever obliged,.

JAMES BACON.

CAPTAIN AMASA DELANO.

No. 4, Marygold-Street, London.

On the 17th of November, 1805, I received on board the Perseverance from the ship Victor, a Spanish privateer of twenty four guns from Lima, being then at the Island of St. Maria's, five American prisoners, who had been taken off the Island of Massa Fuero by a Spanish ship of war, for trespassing on the Spanish regulations then existing. It being contrary to them to allow a foreigner to reside in any of their territories, on or near the coast of Chili or Peru. The captain of the Victor happened to be an acquaintance and friend of mine. He was the same man that captain Thomas Folger in the Vulture had the action with and captured when in the Spanish ship; an account of which has been given in page 291. This Spanish captain observed to me on our meeting at this place, that he would grant me any favour that I should ask, provided it was not inconsistent with his instructions; as his employers had given him crders to assist me, provided we should meet. As soon as I saw the Americans Le had on board, I told him that these men belonged to Mr. Joel Root of New Haven in Connecticut, and that he was a friend of mine, who had together with captain Moultrop, commanding his ship, the Huron, supplied me when off the Islands of St. Ambrose and St. Felix, with such articles of provisions as I was very much in want of, and had treated me generously at a time when I stood in great need; to whom I had made a promise that I would recover their men if it were possible for me to effect it; and that if he would have the

goodness to let me have them, it would please me very much, on account of my gratitude to Mr. Root and captain Moultrop, as well as being peculiarly gratifing to my own feelings. He told me I should have them; and they accordingly were all sent on board my ship; I soon provided them an opportunity to go home on good wages, where they all arrived safe, as I have since been informed. They all belonged to New Haven or its vicinity.

I shall here make a few remarks upon the prisoners of war on the coast of Chili and Peru. Perhaps many may have read some accounts of the treatment they have received in time of war. The Spaniards are ever jealous of foreigners in that part of the world, on account of being robbed by them of their treasures, as well as other advantages taken of them, which have caused an ex⚫itement to use severity. They are not a very sympathising people, and feel very little for the suffering part of the community and that they have treated prisoners of war in general unfeelingly by keeping them confined in close, and many times unhealthy prisons cannot be denied; but of late it is not so I ad, and I have reason to think what I have said and done in their favour in that part of the country has done some good. I have invariably used all the arguments in my power, whenever an opportunity offered, to have the miseries of the prisoners here alleviated as much as pos sible, and have used it with the prisoners likewise, admonishing them to behave with order and decorum so as not to make it abso lutely necessary to treat them with rigor.

The prisoners that were delivered to me from the city of Lima, were taken out of jail with their hands tied behind them, and drove by the dragoons in the same manner that they drive hogs to the port. I have followed the prisoners who have been thus liberated sever al times, and as soon as they were outside the gate, I have often prevailed with the horsemen (by giving them a trifle) to untie their hands and let them walk at their ease. The provision made for them whilst in confinement was somtimes tolerably good, and at other times very bad: but a person who never saw a place where prisoners of war are confined in foreign countries, cannot judge of the hardships attending them. Some have been in a ha bit of exaggerating, and making it worse than it is; but it may be be Neved that it is bad enough to be confined within the walls of a