This story is not a little honourable to both parties, and the spirit of it would not injure the magnanimity of modern times, should it be imitated. Albuquerque ultimately took Goa, and the most important places along the coast of Malabar. He left the Portuguese possessions in Hindostan in the most prosperous condition. He was an equally great general and statesman; was proverbially temperate, just, generous, and exemplary, in private life, while his patriotism led him to an unbounded ambition for conquest in favour of his country. He is a rare instance of a man, regarding private rights with the greatest disinterestedness, and at the same time making the public rights of nations bow to his desire of conquest and power, not for his own gratification, but for the honour and prosperity of his sovereign. It is a common idea, that private and public character must be the same. It generally is; but there are many exceptions, and the truth should always be allowed, though some favourite theory may suffer. Alburquerque died in 1515, at the age of 63.

Southward of Goa is Tellicherry, which is considered as a place of some importance by the English, who have a factory there, and a garrison.

Calicut, on the same coast, has some curious articles in its history. The proper name is said to be Colicodu, which means cock-crow. ing. The origin of the name is this: a Mahometan chief received from his sovereign as much land as could be embraced within the sound of a cock made to crow upon the top of a small temple. "This town was taken from Tippoo by the East India Company, in whose possession it still remains."" It is chiefly inhabited by Moplays; is about three leagues in circumference, and includes an extensive suburb, principally inhabited by fishermen."—" Teak-wood, which was one of the principal articles of commerce at Calicut, has now become very scarce, in consequence of Tippoo having carried off all the elephants that were employed in this trade. The process of procuring this wood is very tedious. The tree, which is intended to be cut down, is first deprived of its branches; the trunk itself is then cut nearly two thirds through, and long incisions made in the bark. In this state it is left to dry for one year, during which the bark drops off. The tree is then pushed into the river Beypour by elephants during the rains, and is floated down to within a little distance of Calicut."—" When Malabar fell into the hands

of Tippoo in 1789, he destroyed Calicut, and removed the inhabitants to Nelluru, the name of which he changed to Furruckabad. He razed the city to the ground, destroyed its trade, and banished the merchants and factors of the foreign commercial houses. He cut down all the cocoa-nut and sandal trees, and ordered the pepper plants in the surrounding districts to be torn up by the roots and cut to pieces. His cruelty to the inhabitants of Calicut was marked by the most dreadful barbarity. Great numbers of them, both male and female, were put to death. The mothers were first tied up, and then the children suspended from their necks. Several christians and heathens were brought out naked, and tied to the feet of elephants, which dragged them about till they were torn limb from limb. All the churches and temples were burned or pulled down. Christian and pagan women were compelled to marry Mahometans, and Mahometan women to marry heathens and christians. The pagans were deprived of the token of their nobility, which is a lock of hair named cudumi, and every christian, who was seen in the streets, was either circumcised or hanged on the spot.” "Before the town was destroyed by Tippoo, it contained about 6 or 7,000 houses. It now contains about 5,000 houses, and is rapidly recovering its importance. The inhabitants are principally Moplays, a stout and industrious, but villainous race of men, who settled in this country about four hundred years ago, and are nearly as numerous as the Nairs, whose authority over them they dispute."-Edinburgh Encyclopædia.

The coast of Malabar is nearly south-south-east, very straight, and free from all kinds of dangers in its navigation quite to cape Comorin, the most southern point of India. During the south west monsoon, there are tremendous gales, or tornadoes, off this cape, which blow from a quarter of an hour to an hour and a half. In one of these, in the night, we lost eight or nine sails in our large ship, the Hector, owing to the carelessness of the officer who then had the command of the deck. In the north east monsoon, the coast offers the most delightful navigation that can be found. in the world. For six months, the weather is perfectly mild and serene, the sea calm, and the breezes fragrant from the shore.

Before I pass from the coast of Malabar to that of Coromandel, the important and interesting island of Ceylon demands some attention. It lies between 5° 50′ and 10° 51′ of north latitude, and be

tween 79° 50′ and 82° 10′ of east longitude. Its greatest length is said to be 280 miles, and its greatest breadth 150. A reef of sand and shells from the island to the continent is called Adam's Bridge, in consequence of a tradition that Adam, after the fall, passed upon it from the island, which was paradise, to the continent. The Portuguese discovered, and for many years possessed Ceylon. The Dutch took it from them, and the English took it from the Dutch. They all in turn entered into wars with the king of Candy, the sovereign of the native Ceylonese, and whose capital is in the interior, surrounded by woods and mountains. The conduct of the Europeans of all parties in this island has been marked by a disposition to make conquests and to monopolise the trade of it. It is painful to every benevolent and impartial observer, as he visits the Asiatic coasts, or the oriental islands, or reads the history of them, to be obliged to acknowledge that the natives find numerous apologies for their treachery and cruelty toward Europeans, in the treachery and cruelty of the Europeans toward them. The king of Candy was extremely grateful to the Dutch for assisting him to drive out the Portuguese; but it was found to be only an exchange of one selfish and mercenary power for another. The Dutch used the gratitude of the Candians to fortify themselves, to prepare the means to gain the entire control of the country, and to appropriate its commerce exclusively to their own benefit. The English too invaded the territories of the sovereign of Candy, and retribution accompanied them, cutting them off in a cruel manner, in the very heart of the enemy's empire.

The prospect which is presented to the eye at sea by the hills, the vallies, and the fields of Ceylon, is eminently beautiful, and perhaps unrivalled. Groves of cocoa-nut trees are growing in great luxuriance upon the high lands, and rice in the vallies, while various kinds of cultivation, with useful and ornamental fruits and flowers, unite to produce the most agreeable impression upon the imagination, and the most interesting train of reflections. To the mind of a traveller from Massachusetts nothing can be more enchanting than a country which should appear to realize, what is known only in our poetry, a perpetual spring.

Among the mountains of Ceylon is one called Adam's Peak, where there is a flat stone, on which is an impression of a man's foot, twenty-four inches in length, which, some say, is that of our

first ancestor, and others, the print left by the god Buddhu when he ascended to heaven to be an intercessor with the supreme God for his followers. It is very remarkable that the following language from the Edinburgh Encyclopædia should be so much like that to which we are accustomed in the books of our own religion. The Ceylonese acknowledge the existence of one Supreme Being, the creator and governor of the world, but they have also a number of inferior deities and evil demons. Of the former, the most exalted is Buddhu, whom some represent as originally a divine person, and others, as the spirit of a good man crowned with divine honours. He is said to have appeared in the world in the form of a man, and after having performed a vast number of virtuous actions, and been transformed into a great variety of shapes, he ascended again into heaven, where he acts as a mediator with the Supreme Being, and procures the pardon of his worshippers."

The climate of Ceylon is milder than we might be led to suppose from its latitude. The medium of heat is stated to be 81°, and the extreme rarely higher than 86° in the shade in midsummer. The sea breezes give a fine temperature to the atmosphere. The mountains, which run through the island, stop the course of the monsoons, and produce different seasons at the same time on the different sides. One side is often favoured with clear and genial weather, while the other is deluged with rains. The great and sudden changes during the night assist other causes to produce much ill-health, especially among the natives.

Candy is the capital town of the interior and of the territory of the aborigines. "It is a poor miserable place, and is surrounded by a mud wall of no strength whatever. It is about two miles in length, and consists of one broad street, with a number of smaller streets, which, at different places, proceed from it as so many branches." "The only buildings of consequence in Candy are the temples of Buddhu, and the palace which is situated at the head of the great street."

"Of the European part of the island, Columbo is the capital. It is a large and beautiful town, is built on a regular plan, and much in the European style, though few of the houses are above one story in height.""Including all the different classes, Columbo, according to Mr. Cordiner, contains upwards of 50,000 inhabitants. There is probably no place in the world, where so many different

languages are spoken, and which displays such a variety of nations, manners, and religions. Besides the European inhabitants, and the proper natives of the island, you find almost every race of Asia ; Moors of every class; Malabars, Travancorians, Malays, Hindoos, Gentoos, Chinese, Persians, Arabians, Turks, Maldivians, Javeans, and natives of all the Asiatic isles; Persees, or worshippers of fire, who would sooner allow their houses to be burnt to ashes, and themselves to perish in the flames, than employ any means to extinguish them; together with a number of Africans, Caffres, Buganese, besides the half casts, people of colour, and other races which proceed from a variety of the original ones."

"The island is particularly abundant in fruits. Almost all those plants, which are peculiar to tropical climates, are found in Ceylon in great plenty, and of a superior quality. Most of those fruits, which are natives of the island, grow spontaneously in the woods without culture or care; and the only labour necessary is to pluck and bring them to market, where they are of course sold at a very moderate price. Among them are most of those, which constitute the greatest delicacies in the desserts of our European tables, such as pine apples, pomegranates, melons, citrons, limes, oranges, and almonds."" Among the vegetable productions of this country, cinnamon is the most important. The principal woods or gardens of this tree lie in the neighbourhood of Columbo. They approach within half a mile of the fort, and fill the whole surrounding prospect. The grand garden near the town is so extensive as to occupy a tract of country from ten to fifteen miles in length; and in this space nature has concentrated all the beauty and all the riches of the island."-"The whole quantity of cinnamon, sent annually to England, amounts to 4,000 bags, or 368,000 pounds, for which the East India Company pay to government a stipulated price of £60,000 sterling."

"Ceylon is much celebrated on account of its mineralogy, and particularly for the number and variety of the precious stones which are found upon it. To this class of minerals we may refer the diamond, the ruby, the hyacinth, the agate, the amethyst, the sardonyx, the emerald, the jasper; the tourmaline, red, green, blue, and yellow; the topaz; the sapphire, green and blue; the suphrytus, white, yellow, brown, and black; crystals; cat's eye; and cornelians."—" Lead and tin are found in the interior; but they are