THE SCHOOL IN ROME

Students who desire to apply for admission to the School in Rome should address, if in America, the Chairman of the Managing Committee, Professor Andrew F. West, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.; if in Europe, the Director of the School, Professor Richard Norton, Villa Bonghi, Via Vicenza, 5, Rome, Italy. If they wish to compete for the Fellowships offered, they should address the Chairman of the Committee on Fellowships, Professor John C. Rolfe, 4400, Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. In any case the application should be accompanied by a full statement of the preparation of the applicant.

The provision for the admission of special students is intended for the benefit, not of ill-prepared persons, nor of those who through circumstances or disposition do not desire to devote at least a full year to study in the School, but primarily for advanced students. who have undertaken some special topic for research which can well be carried on under the auspices of the School, but does not require residence in Rome for an entire year.

Students should plan, if practicable, to spend at least two years in study at the School, in order to profit in fullest proportion from the labor and expense involved. But well-directed work for a single year will yield very rich returns, if previous preparation is sufficient. Every student must be able to read not only Latin and Greek, but also French and German; and a knowledge of colloquial and of written Italian, if not previously attained, must be acquired as speedily as possible. This last, however, is an easy task, especially if the student can spend a considerable part of the summer preceding his entrance into the School in residence and in the study of the Italian language in some one of the picturesque and healthful hill towns of Tuscany or Umbria; and summer residence in the larger cities, like Florence and Rome, is considered by many who have had experience to be no more dangerous than summer residence in most cities of America, though the weather, especially in August and September, is usually hot and likely to prove somewhat debilitating.

Some preliminary acquaintance with at least the elements of the subjects of study usually pursued in the School will be found of the greatest advantage, and the fuller this knowledge, the sooner will the student be ready to take up that independent work, the many opportunities for which are among the greatest gifts that Rome has to offer. The books that are especially recommended for the study of competitors for Fellowships are precisely those

that all prospective students of the School in Rome might study to great advantage.

An announcement of the lectures and other forms of instruction offered by the School is usually issued in April or May of each year, and a copy of this circular for the current or for the coming year will be sent to any person on application to the Chairman of the Managing Committee, or to the Director of the School. The General Regulations of the School are published on pp. 133-139 of this SUPPLEMENT.

The School possesses a small but well-selected and growing library. Students have also free access to the National libraries and museums of Rome, and leave can be readily obtained to draw books from such of the libraries as are lending-libraries. Competent students have also been most generously admitted in the past to the lectures and excursions of the German Archaeological Institute, and to the use of its fine library; and have been allowed with the utmost kindness to pursue palaeographical studies in the Vatican Library, and in other collections of manuscripts in the city and the kingdom. Permission is also readily given to attend lectures in the University of Rome.

The school building is the Villa Bonghi, situated at Via Vicenza, 5 (near the Piazza dell' Indipendenza), in an excellent and healthful quarter of the city. It contains the residence of the Director and the library and study-rooms of the School. No lodgings are provided for students, but there are pensions in Rome in which board and lodging can be had at a minimum price of about five lire a day, a maximum price of about twelve lire, and an average price of about eight. There are also good and cheap restaurants, and in the past some students have hired furnished rooms, and taken their meals where and when they pleased; but this arrangement is not recommended, on the ground of danger to health. The Director will willingly assist students to find suitable lodgings. These estimates are for men; expenses of women are necessarily somewhat higher, and it should also be noted that the privileges for study in Rome are not yet all granted to women. In estimating their expenses for the year, students should make allowance for numerous small expenditures incidental to residence in a large city and to the proper prosecution of their work, such as fees, doctors' bills, and outlays for occasional permessi and for short journeys.

The rates of first-cabin passage from New York to the ports of Northern Europe, or to Genoa and Naples direct, vary from about $50 to $125 and more, according to the speed and equipment of

the steamship selected, and the number of persons occupying it. for the cost of a second-class railway ticket from London or from the German ports to Rome. Rates of steamer passage are liable to sudden change, and the intending traveller had better apply, within a few months of his journey, to some one of the general tourist agencies (such as those of Messrs. Thomas Cook & Son, or Messrs. Clark & Co., both on Broadway in New York), which will send on request a handbook giving dates of sailing and rates of passage by all the trans-Atlantic lines.

situation of the stateroom and the About $25 or $30 must be allowed

The Chairman of the Managing Committee will be happy to give prospective students any further information within his power.

FELLOWSHIP EXAMINATIONS IN THE SCHOOL AT

JERUSALEM

The following list of recommended books, covering some of the subjects included in the examination, will be useful to intending candidates. The books in the first group, in each subject, indicate the extent of the requirement; those in the second group are for reference and supplementary reading, and the candidate should at least be familiar with them all.

North Semitic Epigraphy and Arabic (or Syriac) will be required only from those who intend to specialize in the Old Testament or Semitic languages; New Testament and Patristics, only from those who specialize in the New Testament or kindred subjects.

History. H. P. Smith, Old Testament History; Wellhausen, Israelitische und jüdische Geschichte; Schürer, History of the Jewish People in the Time of Christ; Besant and Palmer, History of Jerusalem; Rawlinson, History of Phoenicia.

REFERENCE: Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel; Josephus, Antiquities and Jewish War; Pietschmann, Geschichte der Phönizier; article 'Phoenicia' in the Encyclopaedia Biblica; Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (the chapters dealing with the East); Cox, History of the Crusades; and the Recueil des historiens des croisades.

Geography and Topography. G. A. Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land; Robinson, Physical Geography of the Holy Land; article 'Jerusalem' in the Encyclopaedia Biblica, and the same in Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible.

REFERENCE: Onomastica Sacra, ed. Lagarde; Robinson, Biblical Researches; Survey of Western Palestine, 9 vols.; Survey of Eastern Palestine, 2 vols.; Guerin, Description géographique, historique et archéologique de la Palestine (Judée, 3 vols., Samarie, 2 vols., Galilée, 2 vols.); Reland, Palaestina; Buhl, Geographie d. alten Palästina: Merrill, East of the Jordan; the publications of the Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society; Itinera Hierosolymitana, ed. Geyer; Neubauer, La géographie du Talmud; Le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems: Tobler, Zwei Bücher der Topographie Jerusalems: Wallace, Jerusalem the Holy; Baedeker's Palestine and Syria.

Archaeology. Benzinger, Hebräische Archäologie; Babelon, Manual of Oriental Antiquities (transl. by Evetts); article 'Money' in Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible; Warren, Underground Jerusalem; Benzinger, Researches in Palestine,' in Hilprecht's Exploration in Bible Lands during the Nineteenth Century.

REFERENCE: Nowack, Hebräische Archäologie; Clermont-Ganneau, Recueil d'archéologie orientale; Perrot and Chipiez, History of Art in Judea, etc., 2 vols.; History of Art in Phoenicia, etc., 2 vols.; De Vogué, Syrie centrale: architecture civile, etc., 1861-77, Les églises de la Terre Sainte, 1860; the Publications of an American Archaeological Expedition to Syria in 1899-1900; Renan, Mission de Phenicie; Bliss and Dickie, Excavations at Jerusalem, '94-'97; Bliss and Macalister, Excavations in Palestine during the Years 1898-1900; Sellin, Tell Ta'annek, 1904; G. F. Hill, Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins; Madden, Coins of the Jews, 2d edition; Palestine Exploration Fund's Quarterly Statements; Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins; Lane, Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians; Curtiss, Primitive Semitic Religion To-day.

North Semitic Epigraphy. Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nord-semitischen Epigraphik, 2 vols.; Cooke, A Text-book of North-Semitic Inscriptions.

REFERENCE: Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum; De Vogüé, Syrie Centrale, Inscriptions sémitiques; Van Berchem, Corpus inscriptionum arabicarum ; Chabot, Index alphabetique et analytique des inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie publiées par Waddington (reprint from the Revue archéologique, 1896); and the two periodicals, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik, ed. Lidzbarski, Giessen, 1900, and the Repertoire d'épigraphie sémitique, Paris, 1900.

Modern Arabic. For those who wish to study the modern Syrian dialect in advance, the following are recommended: Hartmann, Arabischer Sprachführer (in the "Meyers Sprachführer" series); Crow, Arabic Manual, London, 1901. Vollers, Grammar of the Modern Egyptian Dialect of Arabic (transl. by Burkitt), will also be useful. See, further, the very full list of titles (for all modern Arabic dialects) published by Huxley in the Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 23 (1902), pp. 178–189.

New Testament. B. Weiss, Manual of Introduction to the New Testament ; A. Jülicher, Introduction to the New Testament; F. G. Kenyon, Manual of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament; E. Nestle, Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament; K. Lake, The Text of the New Testament (Oxford Church Text Books); F. C. Burkitt, article Text and Versions: I. New Testament,' in Encyclopaedia Biblica; B. F. Westcott, General Survey of the History of the Canon of the New Testament; S. J. Andrews, The Life of Our Lord; A. C. McGiffert, The Apostolic Age.

REFERENCE: E. Reuss, History of the Sacred Scriptures of the New Testament; T. Zahn, Einleitung in das Neue Testament; C. R. Gregory, Prolegomena to 8th Edition of Tischendorf's Novum Testamentum Graece; H. von Soden, Die Schriften des Neuen Testaments; T. Zahn, Geschichte des Neutestamentlichen Kanons; T. Keim, The History of Jesus of Nazara.

Patristics. G. Krüger, History of Early Christian Literature in the First Three Centuries; J. B. Lightfoot, Essays on the Work entitled " Supernatural Religion"; P. Schaff, History of the Christian Church, Vol. ii; E. M. Thompson, Handbook of Greek and Latin Palaeography.