cedes. Harmodius's right arm was bent far back, so that his sword pointed almost vertically downward behind his back. The Dresden and Strassburg statues are in this respect rightly restored. Harmodius has the sheath hanging at his left side by a strap across his breast and right shoulder. His left hand does not appear on the vase-fragment, but was indubitably empty. The left arm is slightly bent at the elbow. A diagonally truncated pillar (for inscription ?) stands before the base. Hauser further argues that the Pherekydes'-head, of Madrid, which in many collections of casts takes the place of the lost head of Aristogeiton (instead of the later head, set on the Naples statue), is veritably a head of Aristogeiton himself; and that the epigram of Simonides (Bergk III, p. 477, No. 131) was written for the base of the statues set up by the archon Adeimantos.

6

Duris and the Greek Vase Painters. — A new volume in the series "Les Grands Artistes" discusses, in a popular manner, the social, industrial, and artistic position of the Greek potters and vase-painters, their technical processes, and the relation of their work to literature and monumental painting. Duris is chosen as the chief representative of his class, not only on account of the excellence of his work, but also because there are more vases signed by him as painter than by any other artist. (E. POTTIER, Douris et les Peintres de Vases Grecs, Paris, Lib. Renouard, H. Laurens ed. 126 pp.; 25 pls. 8vo.)

Andromeda. — Two more Andromeda vases, a hydria in Berlin (Lex. Myth. III, 2053, 11) and an unpublished fragment at Halle, are added to Petersen's list (J.H.S. XXIV, p. 102), and his interpretation of the British Museum hydria is discussed, by R. ENGELMANN, in Jb. Arch. I. XIX, 1904, pp. 143–151 (pl.; 2 figs.). The picture on the London vase is here shown to represent the prologue-scene of some tragedy (whether that of Euripides or of an earlier poet depends on the dating of the vase), and the limp figure supported by two slaves is not the effeminate Phineus, but the lay figure to be fastened to the stakes as Andromeda, who is else strangely absent.

Nausicaa. — In Jh. Oesterr. Arch. I. VIII, 1905, pp. 18–41 (pl.; 10 figs.), F. HAUSER publishes an attractive red-figured Attic pyxis in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts (see Bulletin of the Museum, III, iv, August, 1905). The style is that of 440-430 B.C. Odysseus is represented approaching Nausicaa in the presence of Athena and three maidens. Comparison with a vase by Xenotimos (Ant. Denk. I, 59), a cantharus and an amphora in the British Museum (Catalogue E, 156 and 316), an amphora in Munich (Gerhard, Auserl. Vasen B. 218), and an oinochoe in Athens (Dumont et Chaplain, Céram. de la Grèce propre, pl. 8) leads to a painting by Polygnotus. This was probably a votive tablet offered by Sophocles after his drama Ναυσικάα ἢ Πλύντριαι was produced. This may have been kept in the north wing of the Propylaea. The seated Thamyris on vases (Hydria formerly for sale at Athens, date about 450-440 B.C.; Hydria in the Vatican, Helbig, Führer2, No. 1230, Mon. d. Ist. II, 23; Hydria in Naples, Heydemann, No. 3143, Mon. d. Ist. VIII, 43; Nolan amphora in St. Petersburg, Stephani, No. 1684, Compte Rendu, 1875, p. 95) is probably derived from a similar tablet, perhaps by Polygnotus, dedicated by Sophocles after his aμúpas was produced.

INSCRIPTIONS

Two Eretrian Inscriptions. In Jh. Oesterr. Arch. I. VIII, 1905, pp. 617, A. WILHELM publishes, from a copy by Schaubert, the inscription from Aliveri, ancient Tamynae (Euboea), published by Rangabé, Antiq. Helléniques, 957. The first part relates to a fine to be paid to Apollo; the last part to penalties for injuring a sacred precinct. Examples of "rhotacism" occur. The probable date is early in the fourth century B.C. A second inscription from Aliveri, published by A. Baumeister, Jahrb. f. Philol. LXXV, p. 352, is explained as a decree passed after liberation from a tyrant or tyrants, in 340 B.C. This is also the date of the inscription published in 'Ep. 'Apx. 1902, p. 97.

List of Attic Senators of the Year 335-334 B.C.- In Athen. Mitth. XXIX, 1904, pp. 244–253, J. KIRCHNER publishes and discusses an inscription in the epigraphic museum at Athens, dated by the archon Evaenetus, 335-334 B.C. It is fragmentary, but contained originally a list of the senators for the year. Among 153 names preserved, eight are entirely new, and six others hitherto unknown in Attica. The γραμματεὺς κατὰ πρυτανείαν is mentioned, as are also the γραμματεὺς τῶι δήμωι (the γραμματεὺς ὁ ἀναγνωσό μενος τῷ δήμῳ οἱ Aristotle's 'Αθηναίων Πολιτεία), the ἀναγραφεύς (an assistant of the two previously mentioned), the γραμματεὺς ἐπὶ τὰ ψηφίσματα, the ἀντιγραφεύς, the ταμίας τῆς βουλῆι, the ταμίας τῶν εἰς τὸ ἀνάθημα, and the κῆρυξ. The γραμματεὺς τῆς βουλής, mentioned in other inscriptions, is identical with the γραμματεὺς ἐπὶ τοὺς νόμους of Aristotle.

A Siphnian Decree. — In B.C.H. XXIX, 1905, pp. 319–328, M. HOLLEAUX discusses the Siphnian decree published I.G. X, v, 1, No. 481. He amends the reading, finds that the Ptolemy and Arsinoe mentioned are Philadelphus and Arsinoe III, and fixes the date between 278 and 270 B.C., probably just after the first Syrian war (274-273 B.c.).

Praxiphanes. — In Jh. Oesterr. Arch. 1. VIII, 1905, pp. 1-5, A. WILHELM discusses the inscription from Delos, published in B.C.H. XXVIII, 1904, p. 137. The Praxiphanes there mentioned is identified with the peripatetic, pupil of Theophrastus. His date is, then, not later than the second third of the third century B.C. His political activity was at Rhodes. Various connected subjects are briefly discussed.

A Rhodian Priest. A statue found in the city of Rhodes representing in Egyptian style a person in Egyptian costume, bears on the back, in demotic characters, the inscription "Before Osor-Hapi, the great god, and the goddess Isis, the great goddess, Dionysius the priest of the year." The characters belong to the early part of the Lagide dynasty. The Rhodians appear to have had a thoroughly Egyptian temple of Serapis. The priest Dionysius may be the Thracian mentioned by Polybius (V, 65, 10), in which case he was doubtless a Thracian only by descent.

Manumission Inscriptions from Amphissa. In 'Ep. 'Apx. 1904, pp. 113-140, A. D. KERAMOPOULLOS publishes and discusses two manumission inscriptions from Amphissa. The first inscription, noted as illegible by Perdrizet (B.C.H. 1895, p. 390), proves to be nearly complete. Its date is probably the first century B.C. Nikasipolis, the mistress, being illiterate, authorizes a substitute to sign for her. The Theokoloi seem to have been chosen as keepers of the original documents on account of their wealth and

distinguished birth, rather than on account of their office, the term of which appears to have been short, since the documents are dated by the theokolos and the archon.

The second inscription was first published by Perdrizet, B.C.H. 1895, pp. 388 ff., and later by Dittenberger, I.G.S. 1167-1169. The date is not earlier than the first century after Christ. It is cut in three columns on the dressed borders of a block of conglomerate from some rustica wall, but forms only one document.

Judging from similar documents at Delphi, the presence of a Delphian as witness seems to indicate that the parties concerned are also Delphians. The names of the witnesses in the second inscription are in the genitive case; thus, Διοδώρου τοῦ Θεοξένου Δελφοῦ γέγονα μάρτυς κ.τ.λ. Delphian manumission inscriptions have χειρόγραφον or χείρ with the genitive of the names of parties to the contract, showing what is to be understood in this abbreviated copy of an original manuscript document. Evidently autograph signatures were used to guarantee the validity of contracts, as early as the birth of Christ, probably as early as 200 B.C., and perhaps even earlier. All the manumission inscriptions of Amphissa have been found on a steep slope at the foot of the acropolis, near some springs (Пnyádia). As they all take the form of a sale of the slave to Asclepius, we may infer that the Asclepieum stood here.

Notes and Inscriptions from Southwest Messenia. In J.H.S. XXV, 1905, pp. 32-55, M. N. ToD describes the sites of ancient Methone, Asine, Colonides, and Corone, on the west shore of the Gulf of Messenia, with their Greek, Roman, and mediaeval remains, and publishes thirteen inscriptions. The title ἱερεὺς Ῥωμαίων, the name ̓Αρχιδώ, the Doric ἐν for els, the dwarfing of π, like o and ✪, are new. The title θοιναρμόστρια, 4 mistress of the banquet,' in a portion of the sacred law of a temple of Demeter, of about 200 B.C., confirms Von Prott's identification of the site of Kalyvia, near Sparta, as the Eleusinium of Pausanias, III, 20, 7. The term λoyiσrns, the family tenure of priesthoods, and the connections of the uncommon name Zaidas, are discussed. The date 1514, given by Blouet (Expéd. sci. de Morée) for the building of the Venetian fortifications of Modon, is a mistake for 1714.

The Boundaries of Messenia. — In Athen. Mitth. XXIX, 1904, pp. 364– 378, W. KOLBE publishes two fragments of an inscription in the museum at Mauromati. It is dated under Vespasian, December 14, 78 A.D. The existing fragments give details of the boundary between Messenia and Laconia. The Langadha pass is called the ouvрou, also váη. The higher pass further south is called the diodos. The Xoipetos (modern Sandava) formed the boundary between the Eleutherolaconians and Messene and Laconia. Near this was a temple of Artemis Limnatis, the site of which has not yet been found. Several boundary stones aid in the interpretation of this inscription.

Ball-players at Sparta. — In Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath. X, 1903-04, pp. 63– 77, M. N. Top publishes several inscriptions relating to ball-players at Sparta. Apparently teams of about fifteen from each obe competed aunually. The obae were divisions similar to or identical with the local tribes. Inscriptions from the Cyzicene District. — About thirty new inscriptions, mostly votive and commemorative, with a few notes on others already

published, are given by F. W. HASLUCK in J.H.S. XXV, 1905, pp. 56-63. The Thracian Horseman occurs once or twice in the accompanying reliefs. The identification of the river Ἔμπηλος, the illiterate spelling εἰσήκουος, used as equivalent to enκoos, and the uncommon epithet "OXẞtos for Zeus, are to be noted.

A Cretan Epigram. In Berl. Phil. W. 1905, p. 687, E. HOFFMANN reads the epigram Mon. Antichi, XI, 1901, pp. 477 f., No. 3, as follows: εἰ δέ με δακρυχαρὴς Λάθας ὑπεδέξατο κευθμ(ν)ών,

ἀλλ ̓ ἀρετὰ περάτων ἀντιᾷ (ο) ὐρανίων.

Notes on Inscriptions. — In B.C.H. XXIX, 1905, p. 318, W. VOLLGRAFF corrects the reading of the inscription from Argos published ibid. XXVIII, 1904, p. 422. Ibid. XXIX, p. 328, F. HILLER VON GAERTRINGEN gives two corrections for the Rhodian inscription ibid. XXVIII, p. 399. In Athen. Mitth. XXIX, 1904, pp. 379–382, ST. N. DRAGOUMIS comments on two inscriptions from Arkesine (Amorgus), published in R. Ét. Gr. XVI, 1903, pp. 158-165 and 165-172. In Rhein. Mus. LX, 1905, pp. 148-150, F. SOLMSEN comments on some dialectic peculiarities (Toi and ȧvébeкav) of the inscription from Pharsalus, published in Mon. Antichi, VIII, 1898, p. 66, No. 85. Ibid. pp. 150-151, J. SUNDWALL assigns the inscription C.I.A. II, 1, 172 to the year 328 B.C. In Jh. Oesterr. Arch. I. VIII, 1905, pp. 143 f., J. ZINGERLE explains the sense and linguistic peculiarities of the curse from Maeonia published in Athen. Mitth. VI, pp. 272 f.

Greek Epigraphy in Europe. In R. Arch. V, 1905, pp. 274-298, S. CHABERT begins a history of the study of Greek Epigraphy in Europe. He defines Epigraphy, showing how it differs from archaeology and palaeography, and treats briefly of collections of inscriptions in antiquity, from which he proceeds to the early epigraphical studies and discoveries of Ciriacus of Ancona, Hartmann Schedel, Peutinger, and Angier Ghislain de Busbecq (Busbequius), who discovered the Monumentum Ancyranum in 1555. Ibid. pp. 369-392, the publications of inscriptions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Gruter, 1603; Reinesius, 1682; Fleetwood, 1691; Graevius, 1707; Gori, 1731; Hessel, 1731; Maffei, 1732; Muratori, 1739–42; Bonada, 1751-53; Pococke, 1752; Passionei, 1763; Seb. Donati, 1765) and the activity of societies and individuals in collecting and studying Greek inscriptions during the same period are described.

COINS

The Beginnings of Coinage at Athens. In J. Int. Arch. Num. VII, 1904, pp. 209-254, E. BABELON explains Solon's reform of the currency as the adoption of the heavy (double) Euboic standard instead of the light Euboic standard. Before Solon there must have been Athenian coins, and the series with the head of Athene (reverse, owl) cannot have begun before the middle of the sixth century. Several early coins of Euboic standard are attributed to Athens before and soon after Solon. The types are: an owl, horse, front part of horse, rear part of horse, amphora, knuckle-bone, wheel. The reverse is an incuse square divided into four triangles. These types are all connected with Attic legends. Coins with types of triskelion, scarab, Gorgon, bull's head, and lion's head are not Athenian. The lion's head may well be Eretrian.

Burial Coin and Attic Drachma. In J. Int. Arch. Num. VII, 1904, pp. 62-64 (fig.), J. N. SVORONOS publishes the burial coin found in a tomb by the Sacred Way (see Am. J. Arch. 1905, p. 108). This is copied from an Attic drachma of a hitherto unknown series. Obverse, head of Athene Parthenos to right. Reverse, owl standing on overturned amphora; symbol at right, a κηρύκειον; inscription A - ΟΕ | ΔΙΟΝΥ | ΕΙΟΣ | ΔΗΜ |ΕΤΡ; on amphora, traces of a letter, perhaps A; under the amphora, TP. The names indicate the period 146–87 B.C.

Methana-Arsinoe. — In J. Int. Arch. Num. VII, 1904, pp. 397–400, J. N. SVORONOS describes a bronze coin found at Methana, now in the collection of Mr. Pharmakopoulos at Nauplia; obverse, head of Aphrodite, or rather A - Σ. Arsinoe III, wife of Ptolemy IV, to right; reverse ; nude hero standP-I ing to right, with helmet on, leaning with right hand on spear, with left hand holding shield, which rests on the ground. This proves that Methana was for a time called Arsinoe, as previously suggested by Hiller v. Gärtringen (C. I. G. Ins. III, 466).

A Hoard of Silver Coins from Egypt. — In R. Arch. V, 1905, pp. 257-261, J. G. MILNE discusses a hoard of Athenian and Phoenician (Persian) coins and lumps of roughly cast metal, with two rings and a bead, found in the winter of 1903-04, at Beni Hassan. The Athenian coins are all of the latter part of the fifth century B.C. and in the finest preservation. The Phoenician coins are much cut, to test their genuineness, and those of latest date, belonging to the early years of the fourth century, are the best preserved. The hoard was probably collected by a silversmith.

Coinage of Catane. — In the American Journal of Numismatics, XXXIX, ii, October, 1904 (1 pl.), F. S. BENSON continues his description of the Greek coinage of Sicily, with some coins of Catane, offering now and then some independent suggestions of interpretation.

Corrections of Babelon and Cohen. - In the American Journal of Numismatics, XXXIX, iii (January, 1905), G. N. OLCOTT describes twelve more coins from his own collection that vary slightly from those described by Babelon and Cohen.

GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS

The Principles of Greek Art. The principles and character of Greek art are discussed and explained by PERCY GARDNER in a recently published book. The headings of the chapters are: I, Introductory: General Character of Greek Art; II, Ancient Critics on Art; III, Architecture; IV, Dress and Drapery; V, Character of Earliest Greek Art; VI, Sculpture: Material, Space, and Colouring; VII, Formation of Sculptural Types; VIII, Sculpture and History; IX, Greek Painting; X, Classes of Vases; XI, Vases: Space, Balance, Perspective; XII, Vases: Artistic Tradition; XIII, Literature and Painting the Epic; XIV, Literature and Painting continued: Lyric and Dramatic Poetry; XV, The Life-history of a Myth: the Judgment of Paris; XVI, Coins in Relation to History. (PERCY GARDNER, A Grammar of Greek Art. London and New York, 1905, Macmillan, xii, 267 pp.; 87 figs. $1.75 net.)

Topography of Athens. What was originally intended to be a new edition of Lolling's work has become a new book (W.JUDEICH, Topographie