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conspicuously from every part of the neighbourhood. Though raised ostensibly as a monument to Friendship, the true cause of its erection was to give work to the labourers of Armagh, at a period of great public distress. It cost 10007. He not only completely repaired the Cathedral, but reared a second tower on it after the first (which he had also erected) had been pulled down from insecurity. In 1776 he established the County Infirmary, and between that time and 1780, he built seven houses for the vicars, a music-hall for the choir, and a repository for the records of the arch-diocese. 1772 he built the public library, and endowed it with lands, besides bequeathing to it his own library. In 1773 he erected the Classical School or College; and finally he endowed and erected the noble Observatory, which has made the town so celebrated. This establishment was endowed by the Primate with lands which he had purchased at the cost of 55001.; with the rectorial tithes of a parish; with the proceeds of a farm in the county of Tyrone; over and above the 22 acres of demesne attached to the Observatory.

In all these improvements he did not forget the town itself; but partly by example, partly by persuasion, and partly by the controlling power he possessed over the leases of his numerous tenantry, he succeeded in doing as much for Armagh as Augustus did for Rome. Nor did his genius disdain to work in humble spheres. For instance,

among other benefits conferred on his fellow-citizens, was the establishment of a spacious Shambles, which, for that day and place, must have been a singular pattern of excellence. They consist of ranges of sheds, so disposed as to enclose an area which is paved and kept perfectly clean in every season of the year. The sheds are subdivided into various stalls, which are allotted to different butchers, whose names are inscribed in front." With its physical regeneration, says the historian of Armagh, "its commerce revived; the spirit of the inhabitants increased with their wealth; and the city, which had been reduced to a state of the most melancholy degradation, began to reassume its long-lost respectability and beauty."

Although on these numerous great works Dr. Robinson expended immense sums of money of his own, he did not supply all the means requisite for their accomplishment. But he was the author and instigator of the whole, and almost as much entitled to the gratitude of his fellow citizens for what he made others do, as for what he did himself.

In traversing the streets of Armagh, in strolling round its neighbourhood, in looking at its public buildings, and, above all, in visiting its public institutions, the memory of this great and good man is ever in the mind, seeming to hallow everything, as with the presence of a spirit.

The Cathedral, mended and repaired by so many Archbishops, and especially, as already stated, by

Dr. Robinson, was finally completely restored through the exertions of the present Primate, Lord John Beresford, who, in this work, even exceeded his great predecessor in the liberality of his contributions. The restorations having comprised the whole building without and within, it now looks like a perfectly new structure, and is certainly a very elegant piece of architecture, but almost too plain in its style. Its position on a hill within the city, with its fine tower and spire, gives it a commanding character, and the view from the top of the tower is uncommonly fine.

The Church contains one noble monument of a former Dean (Drelincourt) by Rysbrach; but it is not creditable to Armagh that its great Primate has no other monument in it than a plain bust; and this, too, placed by a private hand. It may, indeed, be more truly said of Dr. Robinson than of most men, and especially may it be said on this Acropolis of Armagh :-"Si monumentum queris circumspice;" but it would be pleasant to see him honoured by his fellow-citizens as well as by his own deeds.

The Public Library is close to the Cathedral, and is a handsome building. The library rooms are spacious, and contain, it is said, from 30 to 40,000 volumes, and among the rest, the whole of Dr. Robinson's library. Like the Observatory, it was permanently endowed by its founder with funds sufficient to keep it in repair, to pay the salary of

the librarian and attendants, and, occasionally, to purchase books.

The Observatory is a small but neat building, prettily situated on a rising ground in the midst of a park of twenty acres. It is well supplied with instruments; and the high reputation of the present astronomer, Dr. Robinson, is a guarantee that they are well employed by himself and his assistants.

The Classical School, or College, as it was formerly called, was originally founded and endowed by Charles the First. Lands, supposed then to amount only to 720 acres, but which are now found to comprise no less than 1530 (including water, bog, &c.) were devoted to its support, and are still held by it. These lands are stated in the 'History of Armagh' to have produced, in 1818, a rental of 14027. 11s. 1d.; but this, in a parliamentary return for 1849, is said to be only 8741. 18s. 21d. The present buildings, which are very commodious, were erected in 1774 at the instigation and by the assistance of Primate Robinson. One hundred boarders can be accommodated in the house, besides numerous day-scholars, who are privileged to attend from the town. I was not able to visit this school, but I was informed that there were not more than 30 boarders and about 50 day-boys then belonging to it. It is one of the four endowed schools (the others being Dungannon, Enniskillen, and Cavan), who have 30 exhibitions of from 251. to 50l.

divided among their pupils who enter Trinity College, Dublin.

There is within the precincts of the town a small park or promenade called The Mall, laid out in shrubberies and walks, which is a great accommodation to the inhabitants. It contains between seven and eight English acres. I believe, also the free demesne of the palace is open to the citizens for recreation.

Armagh is a very fine town, more in the English style than most others seen by us in Ireland. Its population in 1841, was 10,245; and in 1851, 8849.

The division of the population of Armagh, according to religious denominations, seems to assimilate with those of Ulster generally. The information I obtained in the town itself was to this effect: that the Presbyterians and Catholics were nearly equal in numbers, and together constituted three fourths of the population, while the members of the Established Church made up the other fourth. This account seems to give to the Presbyterian element much too great a value, unless we admit that it has greatly and disproportionably increased since the period when the subject was formally investigated. In the year 1818, a careful census of the town was taken, with the following results: