CEMETERIES

The old Leechburg cemetery is located northwest of the town, on a commanding hill. The Leechburg Cemetery Company was incorporated in 1864. Evergreen cemetery was laid out in 1888, with all the skill that modern landscape engineers could exert. The main roadways have been worked out to advantage, and many beautiful and massive monuments bear witness to the respect in which the dead who sleep here were held by their surviving families and friends.

Part of this cemetery has been made into a park and set aside as a perpetual memorial to the soldiers of the various wars who were

natives of this and near communities. Here is a duplicate of the George B. Mead monudonation from the War Department, mounted, ment at Gettysburg, and a large cannon, a near the center of the park. This park is ciation, an organization of the citizens of under the care of the Soldiers' Memorial AssoLeechburg and surrounding territory.

The cemetery of St. Catherine's Roman Catholic Church is near here, having been chartered and laid out in 1897. It is a peaceful and beautiful "Campo Santo," or rest of the saints. Pleasant Hill cemetery is also located near here on a hill overlooking the town and is a very beautiful burial place.

LOCATION

The location of Apollo has many natural advantages, situated as it is on a sloping plain in a beautiful cove of the Kiskiminetas, with a fine outlook on every side. The recent rehabilitation of the iron industry will greatly increase the population.

Apollo was formerly called "Warren," from either a trader or an Indian chief who bore that name. It obtained the title through the location of a grave, said to be that of an Indian chief, about a mile below the town. On an ancient map this grave was given the name of "Warren's Sleeping Place."

John Cochran and Abraham Ludwig cleared the principal part of the land on which the town afterward was built. The first settlers before the Pennsylvania canal was built were: Joseph Alford, John Cochran, Abraham Ludwig, Isaac McLaughlin, Michael Risher, Robert Stewart and John Wort.

Before the establishment of the postoffice here, August 15, 1827, the points nearest to Warren for receiving mail matter were Freeport and Kittanning. Milton Dally was the first postmaster. The department gave this office a name different from that of the town, because there was another office in this State by the name of Warren. During 1913 there were two postmasters, Charles S. Hegeman

and J. Gallagher, the former resigning before his term had expired.

The town of Warren was surveyed off into lots, streets and alleys by William Watson, in November, 1816. These lots were fifty in number and respectively 66 by 165 feet, each containing a quarter of an acre. Water (now Canal) and Back (now Church) streets are parallel to the Kiskiminetas river-the former being from 90 to 100 and the latter 60 feet wide, and are intersected at right angles by North, Main, Indiana and Coal Bank streets, each 60 feet wide. An alley 30 feet wide intersects Water street between lots Nos. 20 and 21 and Back street between lots Nos. 11 and 30. Four other alleys parallel to Water and Back streets are respectively 12 feet wide. Two acres adjoining Back street and opposite the eastern end of Main street and lots Nos. I and II were laid out agreeably to the terms of sale of the town lots free of charge, as a location for a meeting-house, schoolhouse and cemetery.

Rev. William Speer and William Johnson laid out the town. The first houses built were four log structures on what is now known as Second street. The first one completed was the old McMullen house. The Guthrie, Chambers, Truby, Bovard, Jackson and Miller ad

ditions have since been included in the town of Apollo.

The first separate assessment list of the town of Warren, then in Allegheny township, was made in 1830 thus: John Alford, lot No. 22, I horse, I head of cattle, total valuation, $58; James H. Belt, lot No. 16, 1 house, I other lot not known, $156; Catherine Cochran, lot No. 34, I house, I head of cattle, $31; Robert Cochran, single man, lot No. 9, $25; Andrew Cunningham, lot No. 48, 1 head of cattle, $31; William Davis, lot No. 17, I house, blacksmith, $91; Philip Dally, lot number not known, one house, $225; Samuel Gardiner, lot No. 225; William Graham, lot No. 48, 1 house, I head of cattle, $31; John Lewellyn, lot No. 4, I house, I horse, $255; Robert McKissen, lot No. 15, I house, I head of cattle, $106; Alexander McKinstry, lot No. 1, I house, $252; William McKinstry, I lot and house, $225.25: John McElwain, lot No. 3, I house, 2 horses, I head of cattle, $601; Isaac McLaughlin, lot No. 38, I house, transferred to John McElwain; William Mehaffey, half-lot No. 24; Peter Risher, lot No. 18, 1 house, I horse, $225; John Wort, lots Nos. 5 and 6, I house, I tanyard, I horse, 2 cattle, lot No. 12 unseated, $247.

By act of Assembly March 15, 1848, Warren, then in the township of Kiskiminetas, was incorporated into the borough of Apollo. One reason for changing its name was because goods shipped from the East were often carried past it to Warren, in Warren county, Pennsylvania. The old boundaries have been repeatedly extended to meet the demands of this growing town.

The first borough election was held May 8, 1848, when Robert McKissen was elected burgess, and William Nichols, William Miller, George C. Bovard, John T. Smith, John Elwood and David Risher town councilmen. The population at that time was 359 whites

and two colored.

FERRIES AND BRIDGES

The first ferry was kept by Owen Jones where the bridge across the Kiskiminetas now is. Increased facilities for crossing that river were afforded by the bridge across it, which was erected by a company incorporated by the act of March 15, 1844, called the Warren Bridge Company. In the course of six or seven years after the bridge was erected, indebtedness had so accumulated against the company that additional legislation was resorted to to enable it to discharge its liabilities

and after some litigation the bridge was sold in 1858. That bridge, which was a wooden structure, roofed over, had three stone piers. It was carried away by an ice gorge in 1881. The present bridge is a steel one, erected by the Morse Bridge Company, of Youngstown, Ohio, and was jointly constructed by Armstrong and Westmoreland counties. The commissioners were: James White, John Murphy and L. W. Corbett for Armstrong; Henry Keeley, J. N. Townsend and William Taylor for Westmoreland.

Milton Dally is said to have been the captain of the first boat that made a trip on the Pennsylvania canal west of the Allegheny mountains. John B. Chambers was the captain of the first packet-boat that plied between Apollo and Pittsburgh.

TRADES AND OCCUPATIONS

The first tannery was opened by John Wort in 1823. In 1839 he was followed by James Guthrie, and in 1850 Simon S. Whitlinger also began to handle hides and leather. The latter sold to John F. Whitlinger, who introduced tion until his death, about 1910. A harness modern methods, and it was in active operashop had also been added.

The first tavern was opened in 1824; the making of pottery was introduced in 1832; of saddles and harness in 1837; cabinet-making in 1836; of wagons in 1840; coverlet weaving in 1841; stonecutting in 1842; chairmaking in 1843; coopering in 1844; making tinware in 1848; carding in 1848; dentistry, cigarmaking, making mill-wheels, etc., making copperware, in 1851; grocery business, as a separate branch, in 1855; teaching music, confectionery as a separate business, and butchering in 1858; coal merchant and druggist in 1860; coal merchant and milling in 1851; coal mining in 1863; brickmaking in 1865; auctioneer in 1867; planingmill, foundry and salt merchant in 1868; stove and tin merchant, book agent and painter in 1870; oil merchant and broom-maker in 1871; undertaker and silversmith in 1873; oil dealer and photographer in 1874; lumberman, furniture dealer and brickpresser in 1875.

INDUSTRIES

A cooperage was established by Samuel Jack, at the foot of Indiana street, in 1854-55, and was continued in operation until 1864-65. The annual product was about ten thousand barrels, and the number of employees varied from eight to twelve.

The Apollo gristmill was erected by John

H. and Eden Townsend in 1849. For the ten years subsequent to 1876 it was owned by George Brenner. It was three stories, frame, with three runs of burrstones, smutmill, corncracker and sheller, and other modern improvements. It was situated on the southerly side and at the lower end of Mill street.

The Superior Roller Mills are operated by William H. Carnahan & Co. The lumber and planing mills of W. W. Wallace Company are of greater capacity than any others in this part of the county, and do a business of considerable extent in this and Westmoreland counties.

The Apollo Foundry Company, organized in 1889, is still in a thriving condition and caters to a trade coming from all points in the Kiskiminetas valley.

The Apollo Lime & Ballast Company have a crushing plant and quarry half a mile east of the town, where on an average ten men are constantly employed in producing fine building stone, and ballast for railroad track surfacing. The officers are: Walter George, president; Charles P. Wolfe, secretary.

cers are:

The Apollo Woolen Mills Company was organized in April, 1908, with a capital of $30,000, $36,000 being paid in. The present offiT. E. Cunningham, president; J. M. Hankey, secretary-treasurer. They have a large factory building in the west end of the town, employing thirty persons, manufacturing cloth for the United States army and blankets for some of the largest department stores in this country, under various trademarks supplied by the customers. So great has the business grown since its inception that the firm find it impossible to accept additional orders, owing to lack of capacity. They contemplate shortly enlarging the factory.

MISCELLANEOUS

Apollo has two hotels, the Hartman House, formerly the Chambers, kept by C. A. Hartman, and the Arlington, of which William Troup is proprietor.

The mercantile establishments of Apollo are: Druggists-W. A. Gray, C. W. Bollinger, W. F. Pauly, Frank T. Wray. JewelersWilliam Johnston, O. F. Neale. Dry goods, clothing The Famous Department Store, Thomas F. Sutton, E. A. Townsend & Son, Shaw-Phillips Company, W. F. Devers, Sutton & Flude, F. Porrica, The People's Store. Shoes-Ritts & Cochran, R. F. Orr. Furniture C. J. Kepple & Co. PhotographersN. H. Stewart, Charles Bellas. HardwareG. J. Brooks, A. D. Stewart, H. S. Steel, C.

H. Truly. Tailors-George L. Teeters, S. Herman. Butchers-J. W. Whitlinger, H. W. Walker & Son. Confectioner-B. F. Bosworth.

There are in Apollo also one garage, kept by H. D. Bellas; a plumbing establishment, D. R. Hook, proprietor; one blacksmith, J. H. Snyder; one livery barn, kept by Joseph DeShong; and six general stores.

The Women's Exchange has a store for the sale of homebaking and fancy work; the five and ten ċent store is owned by T. G. McCullough; S. C. Miller operates a one cent to one dollar store; the real estate agents are R. M. McLaughlin, J. C. Gallagher and Ira J. Wray; and the leading contractor and cement manufacturer is Preston Grim.

Apollo has three motion picture theatres which are liberally patronized by the people of the town and surrounding territory.

ROLLING MILLS OF EARLY TIMES

In 1854 Dr. James P. Speer, who had been interested in the Ramsey furnace, donated a plot of ground and in company with George W. Cass and Washington McClintock organized the Kiskiminetas Iron Company, for the manufacture of nails, using the water from the canal to operate an overshot wheel 20 feet in diameter with a 20 foot face, the fall of water being 24 feet. Owing to the unsuitability of the iron, which was of brittle quality, they failed to pay expenses, and the plant was sold by the sheriff in 1860 to Cass & McClintock for $4,100. Under the management of Dr. J. S. Kuhn the mill was run until 1861, when the Civil war put a stop to operations. Dr. Kuhn had, however, succeeded in producing good nails. The mill was also operated by George W. Cass & Co. for eighteen months. In 1863 Washington McClintock, William Rogers, Sr., and W. E. Foale, under the title of McClintock, Rogers & Co., leased the works, abandoned the manufacture of nails in 1869 and produced a good quality of plain sheet iron, for which they received 16 cents a pound. There is in 1913 a better quality of iron on the market which brings but 32 cents. The number of employees during this period averaged fifty. Until the destruction of dam No. 2 in February, 1866, water power was used, but after the ice carried away the wheel the mill suspended operations until August of that year, when steam was substituted and the firm reorganized. It then became known as Rogers & Burchfield, with Thomas J. Hoskinson as silent partner. Additional rolls were put in and the manufacture of cold rolled iron.

big gear rim is 40 tons weight and the spider

20 tons.

The large motor is of 1,400 h. p. 240 revolutions per minute, 235 full load, 60 cycles, 3 phase 2,300 volts induction motor, 332 amperes per phase, and was made by the General Electric Company. To protect the motor from the severe shocks encountered in sheet rolling, it was necessary to obtain an exceptionally large fly wheel effect, and on this account it was deemed advisable to place the fly wheels on the motor shaft, making them of cast steel. The peripheral speed of these wheels is approximately 10,000 feet per minute. The necessary fly wheel effect, if obtained from a single wheel, would have required excessive rim weight, and for this reason, and also to balance the pinion shaft, two fly wheels of equal weight were used.

The entire plant is equipped in the most modern manner and far excels any similar works in America. One of the splendid features of the construction is the electrical work, which is unsurpassed by any of its size in the country. The current is furnished by the West Penn Electric Company, and comes from their great power plant at Connellsville, Pennsylvania. The incoming lines carry 25,000 volts, 3 phase, 60 cycles alternating current. This enters the transformer house or sub-station and is stepped down through three K V A transformers to 2,300 volts. This passes through conduits underground to the control pulpit located at the centre of the roll train and elevated about ten feet above the sheet floor. This location gives the operator an unobstructed view of the entire sheet floor.

The sub-station also contains three 75 KVA transformers which step the current down from 2,300 volts to 240 volts. This also passes underground through conduits to the mill switchboard, which is located beneath the control pulpit, and this voltage is used for all lights, cranes and small motors. The sub-station also contains all necessary meters for registering the power consumption on the large motor, small motors and lights. On the control pulpit, the switchboard which controls the starting and stopping of the 1,400 h. p. motor is located.

The furnace equipment, which consists of six combination sheet and pair furnaces and two annealing furnaces, was designed and built by George J. Hagan. All the furnaces are provided with American underfeed stokers. The galvanizing department consists of two pots, with necessary pickling and washing tanks, and the arrangement is of somewhat

novel design, being worked out along lines suggested by Robert Lock, president of the Apollo Steel Company.

As the plant is not provided with any regular boiler equipment, it was necessary to install a small low pressure boiler for heating the pickling tanks in the galvanizing department, and this is the only steam used in the plant. In order to avoid the use of high pressure steam, an air compressor was installed, which serves the power doublers, this being the only operation which could not conveniently be taken care of by electric motors.

The hoisting equipment consists of a 30-ton crane over the main mill building, and two 10ton cranes in the furnace building.

An interesting fact in relation to this mill was that there was no shop in Pennsylvania large enough to cut the helical gears, and they had to be shipped to Youngstown, Ohio, to be finished. On the trip there and back the utmost care was necessary to prevent the great weight and height of the halves of the wheel from damaging the bridges and stations along the railroads. Several bridges were raised to permit the castings to pass, and the halves were sunk into the floor of the car to save height and prevent overturning.

The last iron made in Apollo by the American Sheet Steel Company was rolled by John Hanna on the 28th day of June, 1902. A. L. Zimmerman, then manager of the Apollo works, sent the last pack through the rolls.

BANKING

The Apollo Savings Bank was organized in 1870 and first assessed in 1872. Its capital stock was $50,000. In 1896 it was made a State bank, and in 1901 the name was changed to Apollo Trust Company. The capital now is $250,000. The officers are: J. N. Nelson, president; E. A. Townsend, vice president; John H. Jackson, secretary and treasurer; Walter J. Guthrie, solicitor.

The First National Bank of Apollo, chartered in 1901, with a capital of $50,000, occupies the new building, just completed at a cost of $35,000. The officers are: W. L. George, president; Andrew Gallagher, vice president; Charles P. Wolfe, cashier; S. M. Jamison, assistant cashier.

FIRE PROTECTION AND WATER SUPPLY

Considering the size of Apollo and the facilities for fire protection in the past, the absence of any serious conflagrations, with the exception of that of 1876, is a credit to the