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PLATE II.

FIG. 1.-Transverse section of the spinal cord in the dorsal region (Case 18, p. 216), showing atrophy of the grey substance, and inflammatory degeneration of the columns.

The atrophy did not affect the caudate vesicles. These, by a higher power, were seen to have their normal structure. The white substance was symmetrically degenerated from chronic inflammation. The exudation cells had undergone fatty degeneration, and were incrusted with fat-globules. The capillaries are seen to be similarly incrusted, producing irregular white lines. The symmetry of the lesion was very exact. It included a small portion of the anterior columns on either side of the anterior fissure, the posterior half of the lateral columns, and the centre and posterior portion of the posterior columns. The part of the posterior columns adjacent to the posterior horns of the grey substance was normal. There was no exudation amongst the grey substance. The apparent traces of such, seen in the drawing, are caudate vesicles.

The artist has not strictly drawn the granule-masses according to scale, but he has faithfully rendered the general appearance of the section under a low power.

FIGS. 2 and 3.-Transverse sections of the cord (Case 19, p. 219) showing degeneration of the posterior columns from chronic inflammation.

The anterior and antero-lateral columns, and the grey substance, were normal. The upper section (fig. 2) is from the upper cervical region; the lower (fig. 3) from the lower dorsal region. The granular appearance was due to fatty degeneration of the inflammatory exudation. Though the artist has exaggerated the relative size of the granules to the columns for distinctness' sake, he has strictly maintained their relative distribution. The lesion was remarkable from its being so entirely limited to the posterior columns, though it affected them throughout their own length.

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PLATE III.

Transverse sections of the cord and its membranes, Case 29, p. 236.

A. Section through upper part of the cervical region. The left side of the cord was here distorted by the development of a cyst in the grey substance. A smaller cyst of the same kind existed in the grey substance on the right side, but at a lower level, so that only a trace of it is visible in this section. These cysts had distinct walls of fibrous tissue and condensed nervesubstance. They contained clear colourless fluid.

B. Section through upper part of the cervical enlargement, showing great thickening of the membranes, and degeneration of the posterior columns and grey substance, including also the posterior roots of the nerves, with the development of common white fibrous tissue in place of the normal structures.

c. Section about the middle of the cervical enlargement. The membranes, and especially the dura mater, extremely thickened. This change was greatest on the posterior surface of the cord, where the membranes were adherent together. The posterior columns, the grey substance, and the posterior roots much degenerated. Some of the normal structure of the posterior columns is seen lying embedded in a stroma of fibrous tissue.

These changes were due to chronic inflammation, apparently advancing from the membranes into the substance of the cord.

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