4. cum on the day when. 17. 25. plausus: about B.C. 30. Cf. 2. 5. care: cf. dilecte, 2. 20. 7; amice, Epode 1. 2. - paterni: Horace elsewhere also refers to the Tiber as a Tuscan stream (3.7. 28; Sat. 2. 2. 32). For Maecenas' Etruscan origin cf. on 1. 1. 1. 7. The echo of applause from Pompey's theater in the Campus Martius was returned from the Vatican (or adjoining Janiculum) hill on the other side of Tiber. The topographical improbability of such an echo does not require us to pronounce the poem a forgery. Cf. Shaks. Jul. Caes. 1. 1, 'Have you not made an universal shout, | That Tiber trembled underneath her banks, | To hear the replication of your sounds, | Made in her concave shores?' Cf. also Plat. Rep. 492 B; F. Q. 1. 6. 8, 'far rebounded noise.' Note Vaticani; elsewhere ī. 8. imago: 1. 12. 3. n. press. = 9-10. Caecuban and Formian (from southern Latium), Calenian and Falernian (from Campania) were all fine wines. prelo domitam Caleno uvam: the grape crushed in Calenian For the periphrasis and metonymy, cf. Tenn., 'The foaming grape of Eastern France' champagne; 'Such whose father grape grew fat | On Lusitanian summers' = port. 10. tu bibes: thou mayest drink (at home). For this concessive use of the future cf. 1. 7. 1, laudabunt. The passage has been endlessly vexed. Some read tum bibes, i.e. you shall drink better wine after the Sabine, but you must not expect the best (Falernian, etc.) from me. The antithesis is imperfectly expressed, and the ode is not a masterpiece, but there is no real difficulty. Lines 11 and 12 repeat the general idea, I have no choice wines,' with fresh examples. Cf. Munro, Eng. J. Phil. 3. 349; Wilamowitz, Berlin. Acad. 1902. 2. p. 872; Rhein. Mus. 57 (1902). 466; Neue Jahrbücher 21 (1908). 96. 11. temperant: qualify (Epode 17. 80). The wines were mixed with water. The vines and hills that yield the wines are personified. ODE XXI. A song for youths and maidens in honor of Apollo and Diana, as averting deities, ἀλεξίκακοι. The occasion is unknown. Possibly the first celebration of the Actian games, B.C. 28; or the poem may be a sketch of a carmen saeculare for the proposed earlier celebration of the secular games, B.C. 23. For motif, cf. Cat. 34. 1, Dianae sumus in fide. 1. Dianam: the quantity of the i varies. Cf. 3. 4. 71; 2. 12. 20; C. S. 70. tenerae virgines:. cf. 4. 1. 26. . 2. intonsum: Milton's 'unshorn Apollo,' 'Akeɩpeкóμns; Pind. Pyth. 3. 14; Il. 20. 39; levis, 4. 6. 28; Tibull. 1. 4. 37, solis aeterna est Phoebo Bacchoque iuventa, | nam decet intonsus crinis utrumque deum. Cf. Epode 15. 9; Callim. Hymn. Apoll. 38. Cynthium: Apollo was so called from Mt. Cynthus in Delos where he and Diana were born. Cf. Cynthia = Diana, 3. 28. 12. 3. Latonam: as mother of Apollo and Diana. 4. dilectam: so with dat. (2. 4. 18).- penitus: deeply; κηρόθι. 5. vos: sc. virgines. — laetam, etc.: "Aρтeμs Tоraμla and AiμvâTIS; Diana nemorensis. Cf. Catull. 34. 9, montium domina ut fores | silvarumque virentium | saltuumque reconditorum | amniumque sonantum; Milton, Comus, ' And she was queen of the woods.' nemorum coma: cf. 4. 3. 11; 4. 7. 2; Il. 17. 677; Odyss. 23. 195, åπékoya kóμny тavuþúλλov éλains; Soph. Antig. 419; Eurip. Alcest. 172; Catull. 4. 10, comata silva; Tenn., omitted stanza in Amphion, 'The birch-tree swang her fragrant hair, | The bramble cast her berry'; Swinburne, Erechth. 1146, 'Fields aflower with winds and suns, | Woods with shadowing hair.' 6-8. Cf. Swinburne, Erechth., 'all wildwood leaves | The wind waves on the hills of all the world'; Il. 2. 632, Nýριтov εἰνοσίφυλλον; Pind. Pyth. 1. 28, Αίτνας ἐν μελαμφύλλοις . . . κορυφαῖς Ar. Clouds, 279-280, ύψηλῶν ὀρέων κορυφὰς ἔπι δενδροκόμους; Catull. 4 11-12; Thomson, Winter, 'forest-rustling mountain.' 6. gelido: cf. nivali, 3. 23. 9. - Algido: a mountain in Latium, a haunt of Diana. Cf. C. S. 69; 4. 4. 58. 7. nigris: 4. 4. 58; 4. 12. 11. So Juv. Sat. 3. 54 renders μελάμφυλλος by opacus. Cf. 2. 2. 15. n. - Erymanthus: moun tain in Arcadia; Diana there (Odyss. 6. 103); ỏ devdpokóμns 'Epúuaveos (Anth. Pal. 5. 19. 5). 8. viridis: the lighter green of the oaks and beeches contrasted with the dark green of the firs and pines. — Cragus: mt. in Lycia. 9. Tempe: 1.7. 4. n. - totidem: pure prose. An early seat of the Apolline religion. 10. natalem: birthplace; cf. 3. 4. 63. was one of the Cyclades. and the god with shoulder With insignem sc. 11-12. insignem . . . lyra: adorned by quiver and his brother's lyre. deum, i.e. Apollo. Umerum is Greek accus., as to his shoulder. -pharetra: 3. 4. 60. 12. fraterna: of Mercury, who invented the lyre but, after the discovery of the theft of the oxen, gave it to Apollo; cf. on 1. 10. 6; cf. materna, 1. 12. 9; Verg. Aen. 5. 72. 13. lacrimosum: Verg. Aen. 7. 604, lacrimabile bellum; Il. 5. 737; Anacr. fr. 31; Aeschyl. Suppl. 681, dакрvoybνov "Apn, etc. famem: there was a scarcity of grain, B.C. 23. Cf. Vell. 2. 94. Famine and pestilence coupled, as Hes. "Epy. 243. 14. principe: leader; cf. 1. 2. 50. n.; Epist. 2. 1. 256; 3. 14. 15. n.; 4. 15. 17. For the antique frankness of Anth. Pal. 6. 240. 15. Britannos: 1. 25. 39. n. this prayer, cf. 3. 27. 21. n. ODE XXII. This famous ode has been translated or imitated by Campion (ed. Bullen, p. 20), Daniel: To Countess of Cumberland; Roscommon, Johnson's Poets, 8. 268; Hughes, ibid. 10. 28; Yalden, ibid. 11. 73; Pitt, ibid. 12. 381; Hamilton, ibid. 15. 635. The gods guard the pure in heart. As I strolled all unarmed in the Sabine wood singing of Lalage, a wolf fled from me. Place me in the burning zone or at the frozen pole, still will I love my laughing Lalage. There is no real inconsistency between the momentary flush of genuine feeling (1-8) and the mock-heroic continuation and jesting close. 'Vers de société . . . is the poetry . . . of solemn thought which, lest it should be too solemn, plunges into laughter' (Preface to Lyra Elegantiarum). We need not, however, with a worthy German editor, speak of a 'heiliger ernst'! See Hendrickson, Class. Jour. 5. 250; Shorey, ibid. 317. For Horace's witty friend, Aristius Fuscus, cf. Epist. 1. 10; Sat. 1. 9. 61; 1. 10. 83. 1-4. 'The man of life upright, | Whose guiltless heart is free | From all dishonest deeds, | Or thought of Vanity' (Campion). Cf. 1. 17. 13; 2. 7. 12; 3. 4. 25–32. 1. integer: without flaw or defect, blameless; cf. Milton,' For such thou art from sin and blame entire.' vitae: poetical gen. of respect with integer; sceleris: poetical gen. of separation with purus. Cf. Sat. 2. 3. 220; A. G. 349. d.; G. L. 374. 5. aestuosas: burning, sweltering; refers to the hot sands of the desert in the neighborhood of the Syrtes (two gulfs on the north coast of Africa), rather than to the 'boiling waters of the gulfs themselves. Cf. 1. 31. 5; 2. 6. 4; 2. 7. 16; Epode 9. 31. F. Q. 1. 6. 35, 'Through boiling sands of Araby and Ind.' 6. inhospitalem: Epode 1. 12; Aeschyl. Prom. 20, ἀπάνθρωπον. 7. fabulosus: cf. 3. 4. 9; storied. From the time of Alexander the tales of Indian travelers were proverbial. 8. Hydaspes: a river of India. 10. Lalagen: from λaλeîv, λaλayeîv, to prattle. See Wilhelm in Rhein. Mus. 57 (1902). 606. 11. terminum: probably the bounds of the Sabine farm. Cf. 3. 16. 29. - expeditis: the cares themselves are said to be freed (thrown off). Cf. Catull. 31. 7, O quid solutis est beatius curis? Cf. Epode 9. 38. 12. inermem: emphatic position; though I was unarmed. 13. quale portentum: such a monster as; the wolf, mock heroically, Tépas. Cf. 1. 33. 7-8 for Apulian wolves. 14. Daunias: (from Daunus (3. 30. 11; 4. 14. 26)), a part of Apulia, Horace's native province, to which he loves to attribute all the old Italian virtues. 15. Iubae tellus: Mauritania. The elder Juba was defeated at Thapsus; the younger, his son, was made king of Mauritania by Augustus, B.C. 25, by which some date the ode. 16. arida nutrix: a slight oxymoron. θηρῶν. Cf. Homer's μηtépa 17-23. The frigid and the torid zone. For the geographical antithesis, cf. 3. 3. 55; 3. 24. 37. 17. pone: place. pigris: barren, from cold. Cf. iners 2. 9. 5; 4. 7. 12; Lucret. 5. 746, bruma nives affert pigrumque rigorem. 18. recreatur: revived, cf. 3. 20. 13; Catull. 62. 41, quem mulcent aurae. 19. quod latus mundi: i.e. in eo latere mundi quod, in that quarter of the world which; cf. 3. 24. 38; Sir John Mandeville's 'West syde of the world'; Milton's 'back side of the world.' 19-20. malus Iuppiter: an unkind Jove = sullen sky. Of. 1. 1. 25. 20. urget: oppresses. πiešbμeva (Hdt. 1. 142). 21. Vergil's plaga solis iniqui (Aen. 7. 227). 22. domibus: to the abodes (of men). 23. dulce: cf. on perfidum ridens (3. 27. 67). Cf. ¿æaλdv yeλáσai (Odyss. 14. 465), and Sappho's ddv pwveloas, already imitated by Catull. 51. 5. In dulce loquentem Horace has in mind the meaning of the name Lalage; cf. note on 10. Roscommon's conceited rendering of these untranslatable lines is a curiosity: 'All cold but in her breast I will despise, | And dare all heat but that in Caelia's eyes.' ODE XXIII. Cf. Dobson's roundel: 'You shun me, Chloe, wild and shy, | As some stray fawn that seeks its mother.' For difference between ancient and modern feeling, cf. Landor's exquisite 'Gracefully shy is yon Gazelle.' For the comparison of the girl to a fawn, cf. Anacreon, fr. 51. Spenser, F. Q. 3. 7. 1: 'Like as an hind forth singled from the herd, That hath escaped from a ravenous beast, | Yet flies |