'Tis right quoth he, thus miferie doth part

The Fluxe of companie : anon a careleffe Heard
Full of the pasture, iumps along by him
And neuer staies to greet him: I quoth Iaques,
Sweepe on you fat and greazie Citizens,

'Tis iuft the fashion; wherefore doe you looke
Vpon that poore and broken bankrupt there?
Thus most inuectiuely he pierceth through
The body of Countrie, Citie, Court,

55. thus] this Var. '03, '13 (a misprint?).

59. greazie] grazy F

63. of] F, Mal. of the. Ff et cet.

54. veluet] NEIL: 'Velvet' is the technical term for the outer covering of the horns of a stag in the early stages of their growth. Here 'velvet' seems to be equiv alent to delicate.

54. friend] WHITER: The singular is right; it is often used for the plural with a sense more abstracted, and therefore in many instances more poetical. [CALDECOTT, KNIGHT, and HALLIWELL quote Whiter with approval, but DYCE in noting the fact affixes an exclamation-mark. The present is, I think, but another instance of the crooked nature of the crooked s, which persists in appearing where it is not wanted, and fails to appear where it is wanted; so marked is this peculiarity that, as I have frequently had occasion to quote, Walker (Crit. i, 234) suggests that it may have its origin in some characteristic of Shakespeare's handwriting. See I, iii, 60; also Mer. of Ven. II, ii, 181; II, ix, 35, &c.—ED.]

56. This line ABBOTT, § 495, gives as an illustration of the insertion of two syllables at the end of the third or fourth foot. The flúx of company. | Anón | a cáre | less herd.' [I do not think that lines like this with a pause in it, and line 53 above, should be formulated with unbroken lines.-Ed.]

59. fat... Citizens] A tough phrase for our German brothers to translate. SCHLEGEL, followed by SCHMIDT, renders it thus: ihr fetten wohlgenährten Städter (wherein there is, I think, scarcely enough contempt). DINGELSTEDT: ihr Spiesser und Spiessbürger (which is, perhaps, a little too slangy, but still not bad). HERWEGH: ihr fetten, feisten Herrn Philister (the best, perhaps, but, eheu, quantum mutatus ab illo !).

59. greazie] CALDECOTT: 'By other men's losses to enrich and greaze themselves,' Newton's Lemnie's Touchstone of Complexions, 1581, p. 58.

59. Citizens] See the reference, at line 25 above, to Lodge's Rosalynde. See also Sidney's Arcadia, p. 34, ed. 1598: 'The wood seemed to conspire with them [i. e. the hunters] against his owne citizens.'-ED.

63. body of Countrie] STEEVENS: The is supplied by the Second Folio, which has many advantages over the First. Mr Malone is of a different opinion; but let him speak for himself. MALONE: Country' is here used as a trisyllable. So again in Twelfth N.: The like of him. Know'st thou this country? The editor of the Second Folio, who appears utterly ignorant of our author's phraseology and metre, reads: [see Text. Notes]. STEEVENS: Is not 'country' used elsewhere also as a dissyllable? See Coriol. I, vi, ‘And that his country's dearer than himself.' Besides, by reading 'country' as a trisyllable, in the middle of a verse, it would become rough

65

Yea, and of this our life, fwearing that we
Are meere vfurpers, tyrants, and whats worfe
To fright the Annimals, and to kill them vp
In their affign'd and natiue dwelling place.

D. Sen. And did you leaue him in this contemplation? 2. Lord. We did my Lord, weeping and commenting. Vpon the fobbing Deere.

Du. Sen. Show me the place,

I loue to cope him in these fullen fits,

For then he's full of matter.

1. Lor. Ile bring you to him strait.

70

Excunt.

74

69. 2. Lord.] Ami. Cap.
74. I. Lor.] 2. Lor. F2F ̧.

and dissonant. [Unquestionably we must here follow the reading of the Second Folio, which Malone himself would have at once adopted had it not been found in that edition whose authority was always a well-fleshed bone of contention between him and Steevens.-ED.]

66. kill them vp] CALDECOTT gives five or six instances of the use of this phrase: Killed up with colde,' Adlington's Apuleius's Golden Asse, 1582, fo. 159; 'The remembraunce of theire poore, indigent, and beggerlye olde age, kylleth them vp,' Raphe Robynson's trans. of More's Utopia, 1551 (p. 159, ed. Arber); 'The Spanyardes . . . . were quyte slayne vp, of the turkes arrowes,' Ascham's Toxophilus, 1545 (p. 82, ed. Arber). HALLIWELL, also, in his Essay on the Formation of Shakespeare's Text, vol. i, p. 273, gives many more examples of what he says (erroneously, I think) is merely a redundant and not an intensive use of the particle. For many other instances from Shakespeare's own plays, see Schmidt, s. v. 7.

69. 2. Lord] CAPELL refuses to acknowledge this Second Lord, 'both because he thinks it a folly to multiply speakers unnecessarily, and is clearly of opinion that Amiens was the person intended.' [It seems a matter of so small moment that I confess I have not collated the modern editions in regard to it. I think no one has followed Capell, and several, among them Steevens and Malone, have followed the Third and Fourth Folios in giving the last speech, line 74, to the Second Lord.-ED.] 72. cope] JOHNSON: That is, to encounter him; to engage with him.

73. matter] WRIGHT: Good stuff, sound sense. Compare Lear, IV, vi, 178: 'O matter and impertinency mixed.' [As, also, where Jaques calls Touchstone, III, iii, 29, 'A material fool.'-ED.]

Scena Secunda.

Enter Duke, with Lords.

Duk. Can it be possible that no man saw them?
It cannot be, fome villaines of my Court
Are of confent and fufferance in this.

1. Lo. I cannot heare of any that did fee her,

5

The Ladies her attendants of her chamber

Saw her a bed, and in the morning early,

They found the bed vntreafur'd of their Miftris.

2. Lor. My Lord, the roynish Clown, at whom so oft,

9

7. a bed] abed F.

Scena Secunda] MOBERLY: The use of these short scenes deserves remark. The present one, with the usurper's troubles and suspicions, affords a strong contrast to the quiet and sweet style' of the banished Duke in the last scene. The same double progress of the plot is skilfully exhibited in III, i. Act II, ii and IV, ii, which have little to do with the plot, are still very effective, as showing the various aspects of the 'golden' life in the forest, and the pursuits in which days fleet away there.

4. consent and sufferance] MOBERLY: This is a quasi-legal term, applied to a landlord who takes no steps to eject a tenant whose term has expired. [Both words undoubtedly bear at times a technical legal sense, but it is doubtful if any relation of landlord and tenant can be in the remotest degree applicable to the present case. The use of the wordvillaines' would dispel any legal association with the words that follow.-ED.]

6. her attendants of her] This phrase is cited by Abbott, § 423, as an instance of the repetition of the possessive adjective, and as a modification of such transpositions as we find in your sovereignty of reason,'' her brow of youth,' &c.; which is quite possible, but, at the same time, I think we can see how both sound and sense controlled the line. The ladies, the attendants' is unrhythmical, and the second definite article must be emphasised to avoid an elision: 'th' attendants.' On the other hand, the sense would have been obscure and uncertain in her attendants of the chamber.' So that I doubt if the present construction is peculiar either to Shakespeare or his times. Allen suggests, 'Her ladies, the attendants,' &c., which, if change be needed, is unobjectionable.-Ed.

8. vntreasur'd] BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE (Apr. 1833): We like his lordship for these words. ROLFE: Used by Shakespeare only here, and 'treasure,' i. e. enrich, only in Sonn. 6, 3.

9. roynish] STEEVENS: From rogneux, scurvy, mangy. See Chaucer, Romaunt of the Rose, 987: The foule croked bowe hidous, That knotty was, and al roynous.' And again, line 6193 [ed. Morris]: This argument is alle roignous.' Again, in

Your Grace was wont to laugh is also missing,
Hifperia the Princeffe Centlewoman
Confeffes that she secretly ore-heard
Your daughter and her Cofen much commend
The parts and graces of the Wraftler
That did but lately foile the fynowie Charles,
And the beleeues where euer they are gone
That youth is furely in their companie.

10. laugh...miffing] laugh,...missing: Ff.

15

17

11. Hifperia] Ff, Rowe +, Cam. Mob. Wh. ii. Hesperia Warb. et cet. Centlewoman] F..

This at least is one quite as well as the

Harvey's Pierce's Supererogation, 1593 [p. 229, ed. Grosart]: 'Although she were
.. somewhat like Gallemella, or maide Marian, yet was she not such a roinish ran-
nell.... as this wainscot-faced Tomboy.' HUNTER (i, 346): I conceive 'roynish'
to mean obtrusive, troublesome, a fault we may well suppose often belonging to the
poor unfortunates who were retained in the houses of the great.
of the meanings of the word, and it seems to suit the passage
disagreeable senses which all the editors, down to the latest, have given it. Parkin-
son says of the Germander that on account of its disposition to spread, it must be
taken up and new set once in three or four years, ' or else it will grow too roynish and
troublesome,' Paradisus Terrestris, 1629, p. 6. HALLIWELL: Hunter misinterprets
the passage in Parkinson; roynish' there means coarse; and troublesome' is used
in a somewhat peculiar sense. The slouen and the carelesse man, the roynish nothing
nice.'-Tusser [Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, &c., p. 142, ed. 1614].
STAUNTON: It may, however, be no more than a misprint of roguish. WRight:
Cotgrave gives: Rongneux. scabbie, mangie, scuruie.' The contemptuous
phrase in Macb. I, iii, 6, 'the rump-fed ronyon,' had probably the same origin.
.... In the form 'rinish,' signifying wild, jolly, unruly, rude,' it is found among
the Yorkshire words in Thoresby's Letter to Ray, reprinted by the English Dialect
Society. Rennish,' in the sense of 'furious, passionate,' which is in Ray's Collection
of North Country Words, is perhaps another form of the same. [I do not find it in
Skeat.-ED.]

11. Hisperia] That Warburton should have changed this name to suit himself is not surprising, but what excuse can his followers urge? Of the conclusion of this speech a writer in Blackwood, April, 1833, says: No unfitting conjecture for a Second Lord and First Chambermaid; but, though not wide amiss of the mark, as it happened, yet vile. Hesperia would have left her couch at one tap at the window, and gone with the Wrestler whom she overheard the young ladies most commend (though we suspect, notwithstanding his mishap, that she would have preferred Charles), but Hesperia did not at all understand their commendation; and had she been called on to give a report of it for a Court Journal, would not merely have mangled it sadly, but imbued it with her own notions of "parts and graces."'

11. Princesse] For many other instances of the omission of the plural or possessive s after words ending in the sound of s, see Walker, Vers. 243, or Abbott, § 471. See also Princesse,' I, ii, 159.

14. Wrastler] A trisyllable. See Walker, Vers. 7, or Abbott, § 477.

Duk. Send to his brother, fetch that gallant hither,
If he be abfent, bring his Brother to me,
Ile make him finde him: do this fodainly;
And let not fearch and inquifition quaile,

Ad. What my yong Mafter, oh my gentle master,
Oh my sweet mafter, O you memorie

Of old Sir Rowland; why, what make you here?
Why are you vertuous? Why do people loue you?
And wherefore are you gentle, strong, and valiant?
Why would you be fo fond to ouercome

18. brother] brother's Cap. Ktly, Dyce iii, Huds.

1. Oliver's House. Rowe.
5. Rowland;] Rowland? Ff.

5

8

18. brother] MASON: I believe we should read brother's. When the Duke says, 'Fetch that gallant hither,' he certainly means Orlando. [An emendation which Mason may possibly have made independently of Capell; in whose text it is found. It is almost demanded by the next line.-ED.]

20. sodainly] HALLIWELL: That is, soon, immediately. This meaning, formerly prevalent, is not now used in colloquial language. In an advertisement appended to Walker's Treatise of English Particles, 1679, we are told that 'the Whole Duty of man. . . . is now printing, and will suddenly be finished.' WRIGHT: Compare Psalm vi, 10: Let them return and be ashamed suddenly.'

21. quaile] STEEVENS: To 'quail' is to faint, to sink into dejection. DOUCE (i, 297): Here, however, it means to slacken, relax, or diminish. Thus Hunger cureth love, for love quaileth when good cheare faileth.'-The Choise of Change, 1585. SINGER: To quaile, fade, faile,' are among the interpretations Cotgrave gives of the word Alachir. DYCE (ed. iii): Mr Lettsom observes that 'fail [Mr Lloyd's conjecture] seems more appropriate here than "quail."'

4. memorie] STEEVENS: Often used by Shakespeare for memorial. MALONE (note on these weeds are memories of those worser hours,' Lear, IV, vii, 7): Thus in Stowe's Survey, 1618; 'A printed memorie hanging up in a table at the entrance into the church door."

8. so fond to] See I, iii, 68. WRIGHT: 'Fond' is contracted from 'fonned' or 'fonnyd.' The latter form occurs in Wiclif's version of 1 Cor. i, 27 (ed. Lewis), where tho thingis that ben fonnyd' is the rendering of 'quæ stulta sunt.' The former is found in the second of the Wiclifite Versions, edited by Forshall and Madden, I