Subjunc. Fut. imp. si amaneciere, if it should grow Infinit. light. perf. si hubiere amanecido, if it should have grown light. 'Present amanecer, to grow light. Perfect haber amanecido, to have grown light. Gerund amaneciendo, growing light. Comp. of ger. habiendo amanecido, having grown light. Participle amanecido, grown light. N.B. Anochecer, to grow dark, is conjugated in the same manner, and has the same irregularity: example; anochezc-a, it may grow dark, &c. Observation. These two verbs are sometimes used with all the persons, and in such instances they may be considered as neuter-passive verbs, denoting merely the situation or condition of their subject at the time; as, anochecimos en el campo, that is, night closed in upon us whilst we were in the country; or, we were in the country when it grew dark: amanecimos en Londres, that is, the day broke upon us when we were in London, or, we were in London when it grew light, or, at break of day: amaneció el campo de batalla cubierto de heridos, the wounded were seen covering the field of battle at break of day. In some phrases amanecer may be properly translated to awake, or, to arise; and anochecer, to go to sleep, or, to lie down; as, anochecí bueno, amanecí malo, I went to sleep well, I awoke ill; mi padre anocheció, pero no amaneció, my father lay down, but he rose no more. Nev-ar. Indicat. Present niev-a, it snows. it had snowed. Fut. imp. nevará, it will snow. Fut. perf. habrá nevado, it will have snowed. Imperative Subjunc. Present nevara, should niev-e, let it snow. aunque, &c. niev-e, though, &c. it may snow. Imperfect nevase, it might snow. nevaria, would aunque, &c. haya nevado, although &c. it may have snowed. Perfect hubiera Pluperf. hubiese neva do, habria Sshould have it might have snowed. Fut. imp. si nevare, if it should show. Infinit. Present nevar, to snow. have snowed. Perfect haber nevado, to have snowed. Comp. of the ger. habiendo nevado, having snowed. N. B. Helar, to freeze, is conjugated in the same manner, and has the same tenses irregular: example; hiel-a, it freezes; hiel-e, it may freeze, &c. Indicat. Present Tron-ar. truen-a, it thunders. Perf. def. ha tronado, it has thundered. it had thundered. Fut. imp. tronará, it will thunder. Imperative Subjunc. Present truen-e, let it thunder. tronara, should Imperfect tronase, it might thunder. Perfect Pluperf. Fut. imp. Infinit. Present Perfect Comp. of the ger, tronaria would aunque, &c. haya tronado, though, &c. it may have thundered. hubiera tro should have thun hubiese na- it might have der habria do si tronare, ed. would have if it should thunder. si hubiere tronado, if it should have thundered. tronar, to thunder. haber tronado, to have thundered. tronando, thundering. habiendo tronado, having thun Participle tronado. thundered. dered. N. B. Llover, to rain, is conjugated like this verb, and changes also the o into ue in the same tenses: example; lluev-e, it rains; lluev-a, it may rain, &c. Escarchar, to freeze; granizar, to hail; lloviznar, to mizzle; and relampaguear, to lighten, are all regular. Indicat. Present Hab-er there is, or there are. ha-y, Imperfect habia, there was, or there were. there was, or there were. Perf. defin. ha habido, there had been. Fut. imp. hab-rá, there will be. Imperative Subjunc. Present hay-a, let there be. aunque, &c. hay-a, though, &c. there may be. hub-iera, there should be. Imperfect hub-iese, there might be. Perfect aunque, &c. hay-a habido, though, &c. there may have been. Pluperf hub-iese Chub-iera habi- do, there would have Fut. imp. si hub-iere, if there should be. Infinit. Present Perfect Comp. of the ger. haber.* haber habido.* if there should have been. habiendo, there being. habiendo habido, there having been. Participle habido, been. Examples; there is an author who says, hay un autor que dice; there are philosophers who deny it; hay filósofos que lo niegan; there have been men who have believed it, ha habido hombres que lo kan creido. Imperfect hacia, it was. it had been. perf. habrá hecho, it will have been. Imperative Subjunc. Present aunque, &c. hag-a, though, &c. it Fut. imp. si hic-iere, if it should be. * These two tenses cannot be construed in English without cir cumlocution. haber hecho, to have been. Gerund haciendo, being. Comp. of the Ger. habiendo hecho, having been. Particip. hecho, been. N. B. This verb is used with nouns of number, in chronological calculations;* as, Is it ten years since his father died? hace diez años que murió su padre ? it will be ten years to-morrow, mañana hará diez años. It is also employed to express the state of the weather; as, it is cold, hace frio; though it may be warm tomorrow, aunque haga calor mañana; it has been very windy to-day, ha hecho mucho viento hoy. Observation. There are several personal verbs which are frequently conjugated impersonally: example; From this instant I receive this young man, it suffices that thou present him to me, Desde luego recibo á este mozo, basta que tú me le presentes, Gil Blas, b. ii. ch. 1. The verb ser is also conjugated impersonally, and very frequently employed with the noun menester, &c. or with the adjectives preciso, necessario, to denote necessity; as, it must be granted, es menester† concederlo: to melt wax it must be warmed, para derretir la cera es preciso† calentarla. When the second verb has its subject expressed or understood in English, the said verb is put in the subjunctive with que; as, it will be requisite for us to see him, or, it will be requisite that we should see him, será necessario que le veamos. The same construction takes place when the verb must has its subject expressed; as, we must go, es preciso que vayamos. N. B. When to be (being used impersonally) is followed by a noun or pronoun, the verb ser must agree with the said noun or pronoun in number and person; as, it is I who wrote, yo soy quien escribí; it is riches I hate, son las riquezas las que aborrezco. *The impersonal haber is sometimes found used in these species of calculations: as, And that it was fifteen months since he had retired to marry a girl of Castropol, Y que se habia retirado quince meses habia por casarse con una moza de Castropol. Gil Blas, ch. 2. + See the author's Synonyms, page 115. K |