Comparative l'iew of the Confederacy and the French Republic, at the Close

of 1796.-Spuir; drawn inio an Alliance with France, declares War againg England.--Conjoined Efforts of the French, Spanish, and Dutch, Fleets, for overthrowing the naval Dominalion of England. War in Italy. --Capture of Mantua.--Political Conduct and military Preparations of the Court of Rome. Letters from Buonaparte to the Cardinal Mattæi. The Cardinals Anfier. -The Court of Madrid refuses its Mediation, in Behalf of the Pope, with the French Republic.- Republican Party in Rome, and other Purts of the Ecclefiaftical States.-Buonaparle declares War againt the Pope.- A French Army enters the Papal Dominions. The Papal Troopis completely routed.---Buonaparte, by Promises, and Threats, induces the Romans to submit to the French, without the Effufion of Blood.--Tales Pollejion of leveral Prozinces in the Ecclefiaftical States, ---Advances touards Rome. - Treaty of Peace with the Pope

1

CHAP. II.

Means for preventing the future Power of the Roiran Pontiffs.-- And that of

Arufiria over the Countries composing the Republics on the North and South of the P0.-.:Moderation and Leniiy of the French Republic to the Non-pring Clergy.-- At the fame Time that their Bigotry and Superfition are exposed to ridicule.--Exceffive Rejoicings and Exultations of the French at the Succeffes of their Arms in Italy.-Jealousy, Ery; and Refentment, against Buonaparte.--I ho uses Precautions for warding of the Effects of these, and gaining Popularity and Confidence, not only in France but Ilalu. Voderation and Priidence of the Inhabitants of St. Mari 10.--Munificence of Buonaparte to that small Republic.Prevalence of Republican Principles in Italy.-Honour paid

there to the French and BroVoci XXXIX. Kk

naparte.

-Preparations of Austria, for disputing with the French the Eme pire of Italy.--The Imperial Army in Italy, commanded by the Archduke Charles Attacked by the French, and forced to retreat.-Capture of Gradisca and Goritz.--Municipal Governments settied in both thefe Towns, on the Republican Plan.-The Auftrians defeated with severe Lofs near Tarvis.-Audacious Spirit of the French Prisoners of War.--The Infeétion of this Spirit dreaded by the Imperial Ministry.--A Divison of the French Army, under Joubert, penetrates into the Tyrol.- Reduces most of the strong Forts of that Country.--And gains other fignal Ado vantages. The French obtain Pofeffion of Brixen. Proclamations of Buonaparte, addre/fed to the Subjects of the Emperor.-The Anfrians obliged to abandon their Head-Quarters at Clagenfurth. -The French cross the Drave ---Farther Successes of the French, under Joubert, in the Tyrol. Remarkable Engagement between the Austrians and French, in the Defiles leading to Netomarck.--The Aufrians continually defeated, but not dif couraged.Confternation at Vienna.-But invincible Courage of the Auftrian and Hungarian Nobles.---Interesting Letter from Buonaparte to the Archduke Charles.--Arid the Archduke's Answer.- Armistice between the Auflrians and French.-Honours and Praises befiowed by the French Directory on the Army.-Reflections

18

CHA P. III.

Preliminary Articles of Peace between the French and Anfrians.--Succelles

of French Armies on the Rhine. Progress of the Negociation for Peace.Hatred of the Venetians to the French, and partiality for the Auftrians. The French Army takes Poffeffion of Bergamo.-Refentment, Rage, and Attempts of the Venetians at Refstance. --The French Troops over-run and reduce all the Venetian Territories.-Fall of the Fenetian Republic universally deplored.---- A Revolution introduced by the French into Ve nice.-The Auftrian Troops invade Inria.-Treaty of Campo-Formio, 37

Principle or Spirit of the Treaty of Campo-Fornio.Stri&ures thereon.-Es

altation of the French.--Parties in France.Theit mutual Abhorrence of each other. Their Reciprocal

Animonty, influenced by new Jealoufes and Apa prehenfons.-Conspiracy of Loyalists discovered. - Address of Lewis, called by the Royalists the XVIII.--And resolute Exertions of his Party through. out France. -Decree, obliging the Public Functionaries to swear Hatred te Royalty.-

Return of new Members to the French Repriblican Legislature. French Troops fent to St. Domingo.--Excesive Profufion of the French Executive Government. Frauds and Cottusons, detrimental to the Public Revenue. Enormous encrease of the Public Debt. Various Mifmanagements. Strictures of many Members of both Councils, and others on the Continuance of War, and Extension of Conquesis The Lenity and Mo

deration of this party, in Favour of Peace, encourages Attempts in Fazour
of Peaceable Loyalists.-Sévere Decrees against this Class of Loyalists, new-
modelled and mitigated

48

CH A P. V...

Political Parties in France.—Decree against Clubs. --Buonaparte declares Mis

Attachment and Refolution to abide by the Republican Party. --Addresses to

the Directory from the Armies.-The Directory Split into two Parties

The one violently Republican, the other inclined to moderate and conflictory

Measures.-Feuds between the Directory and the Councils. --A large Body

of Troops, in Violation of the Confitution, called to Paris.-Remarkable

Address to the Directory, by the Army of the Sambre and Meufe. Effect

of this on the Councils.-Causes asigned, by the Directory, for Fermenta-

tions that had taken place in the Army.--Concert between the Directory

and the Army.—The Councils alarmed.-Resolutions of the Councils for

the Purpose of refiraining within due Bounds, the Authority of the Di-

rectory

61

C H A P. VI.

Arrestation of national Representatives.

-Message from the Directory to the
two Councils, on this Subject. --And Address on the fame, to the People of
France.--Forty Resolutions, adapted to the present Juncture, proposed by a
Committee of pullic Safety.-Adopted by the Council, and passed into Lax's.

- Transactions of the primary Communes and electoral Ajemblies, in fifty
Departments, declared illegal.-Upwards of fixty Perfons, Members of the
Directory and Councils, and others, fentenced to Transportation.--- Address
from the Council of Five Hundred to the Departments and the Armies.-

Imputing the most iniquitous and atrocious Designs to the Royalists.- Pro-

clamation by the French Government, annoucing a second Expedition against

Ireland.-Singular Expedition of a Body of French Troops into Wales.-

These surrendered themselves, without Refrance, Prisoners of War to a

Force, raised and headed, on the Emergency, by Lord Cawdor.--The Spanish

Irland of Trinidad taken by the English

76

CH A P. VII.

Ineffe&tual

. Expedition of the English against the Spanish Island of Porto-
Rico. Transactions in the Wes Indies.Favourable to the English, both
by Sea and Land.-Great Preparations against England, in the Ports of
Holland and Spain. - Spanish Fleet defeated by an English Squadron,
greatly inferior, in Strength and Numbers, under the Command of Ada
miral Sir John Jeruis.Other Gallant Exploits of this Syuadron-Unform
tunate Attempt of the English on the Inand of Teneriffe.com Dutch Arman
K k 2

теп,

mont destined, as was supposed, against England. - Puts to Sea, unde

order to join the French Fleet at Brejl.- Encountered, and after an obfti-

naie Engagement de jeated with great Loss, by an English Squadron, under

Admiral Duncan.— Yet Preparations fill continued in Appearance, by the

French, for an Invafion of England.-Calamities brought on the Dutch,

by their Jundion with the French.

-91

CH A P. VIII.

Meeting of Parliament.--His Majenu's Speech.-Debates on the Address

in the House of Lords. -Ind in the House of Commons.-French Invafion

threatened.--Measures proposed by the Minister, for the Defence of the

Country.--Debates thereon in both Houses of Parliament.-Bills for aug.

menting the lilitia, Army, and Navy, pajed into Laws.-Bill pajjed

into a Law for raijing a lilitia in Scotland

105

CHAP. IX.

Public Expenditure and Incomic.--Army and Nary, and other Epimates. —

Supplies, with Ways and. Meaus.--New Taxes.--Debales on these ficha

jects. -- Particularly on Sums fent, and proposed to be sent to the Em-

peror.---- Portion given with the Princess Royal --Relief to the Subscribers

to the Loyalty Loan, --- Navy and Exchequer Bills Funded --India

Budget

127

CH A P. X.

Clouded Aspect of British Affairs in the End of 1796, and earlier Part of

1797.-leffages from His Niajefy to both Houses of Parliament, relating

to the Rupture of the Negociation for Peace at Paris.--Addresles in Conse-

quence moved to flis Niajelly.-- Amendments proposedDebates.--Amend

ments rejected, and the Addresses carried by large Majorities.--Motion for

Peace in the flouse of Lords. -Motion for the jame End in the House of

Commons. - Debates in both Houses

148

CHAP. XI.

Nanire of Money. History of Bank of Eng and Stoppage of Bank Pay-

nients in Specie.-Meliage thereoul, from his Majesty ta Parliament.-

Debates on this Subiect, in toth Floufes.--Meajuces for the Support of

Public Credit, and the Relief of various pecuniary Embarrasments--

Report of the Committee uppointed to inquire into the State of the Bank, 177

CHAP

CHAP. XII.

Causes of Discontents in the British Navy and Army.-Notices giren of

these Discontents.-Mutinous Combinction among all the Ships in ihe
Channel Fleet.- Organization of this Naval Democracy.--Petitions from
the Mutineers to the Admiralty and the House of Commons:-General
Alarm.---The Board of Admirulty transferred to Portsmouth.--Con-
ciliatory Terms of a Return to Subordinetion and Duty proposed to the
Seamen. --Demands of the Seamen. Complied with.-In consequence of
a Miftruft of Government, a fresh Muliny.--Zealous, prudent, and succes-
ful, Exertions of the Earl Howe. --The Affairs of the Nary, with the

Epimates of the additional Expences noro become necessary, brought into

the House of Commons. - Minifry accused of Procraftination and fcandal-

ous Neglect of Duty. --Motion for a Pole of Cenfire.--- Negatired. -

A Mutiny, more alarming fiill than that in the Channel Fleet, breaks out

at the Nore.A Board of Admiralty held at Sheerness. --- Audacious

Behaviour of the Mutineers. The Lords of the Admirally return from

Sheerness to Toren, without the least Success in their Endeavours for the

Reforation of Order:- Transactions in the Fleet at the Nore.-Condemned

by the Divisions of the Fleet ai Plymouth and Portsmouth. - As well as hy the

Nation at large.--Intelligence of this produces, in the Ships Creus, at the

Nore, Divisions, Terror, and Despair. The principal Conductor of the

Mutiny seized, condemned to Death, and executed. -Bill for preventing the

Seduction of Soldiers and Sailors

207

CHA P.' XIII.

State of Ireland, in its Relations, external and internal, u Subject in Debate

in both Houses of Parliament.--Motion, by Mr. II hitbread, in the House
of Commons, relative to the Invasion of Ireland.--Negatired.--Motion

relative to the internal State and Discontents of Ireland, in the llouse of

Peers, by the Eart of Moira.---Negatived.--Motion on the fume Subject,

in the House of Commons, by Mr. Fox.---Negatired

223

CH A P. XIV,

Petitions for the Dismission of Minifers.--Motion to that effect in the

House of Lords. And in the House of Commons.--Motion in the House
of Commons for a Reform of Parliament.--Motion in the House of Peers
for confdering the State of the Nation--Prorogation of Parliament, 219