chosen persons who were to follow medicine as a profession. Times have changed. The possibility of raising the standard of physical health is now the problem. Preventive medicine involves the education of the multitude. To accomplish this mass education the services of the medical men must be enlisted. There is his new social responsibility resting upon even those who prefer to pose as therapeutists.

Empirical medicine is slowly being subordinated to the scientific investigation of the fundamental etiology of diseases and accidents. The manifold activities of the physicians place them in the front ranks of social investigators. To determine that long hours of labor is a factor in the production. of chlorotic anemia requires all the

The recent opening of the new annex to the N. Y. Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital which the newspapers proudly announced cost $900,000 should mark a new era in the very important field of post-graduate study in America. It is unfortunate, but it may truly be said that heretofore we have had no medical teaching for physicians in this country which may be called really great. "Schools" we have had and still have, but the results secured to the profession have been out of all proportion to the immence cost of maintaining the same.

careful scientific acumen and patient endeavor that is deemed necessary for a fascinating experiment in vitro. To appreciate the relation of the industrial and economic factors in the causation, progress, and prognosis of many maladies is a recently acquired duty of the profession.

Professors and instructors have been. for the most part either recent hospital graduates with no experience in teaching, or treadmill practitioners whose active practice alone is much larger than they can well handle, to say nothing of time and energy enough held in reserve

Progress is apparent in medicine as well as in other fields of human endeavor. The physicians are less aloof than in former decades. Physicians are citizens as well as physicians and this interwoven relation knits their interests more closely to the social fabric. In their dual relation their opportunities have increased many fold and their social obligations are unlimited. The doctor is, whether he admits it or not, a public servant, teaching, curing, preventing, but always serving the public.

for the uses and purposes of imparting knowledge. In true American fashion we have dashed along head-foremost with eye on the clock and no time for bothersome details or painful prolonged analyses of cases. To be professor of something or other in an American medical school is far too often an empty title, the holder of which has very little to profess but much to confess. An attractive personality, fine clothes, a handsome touring car, an air of just being driven to death. with success have too often taken the place both of actual knowledge and actual teaching ability. We think it may fairly be said that a good teacher ought to be also something of an investigator; he ought at least to know something of laboratory technique, and of the necessary steps to be taken toward the solution of difficult prob

lems. He ought also to know a great deal more about a great many other things than the mere subject in hand. It is not enough that he stand in the pit of a marbled amphitheatre and shout dialectics at the back row of seats. He should have contributed something to the sum total of human knowledge and in the subject which he professes to know. No mind will thrive and grow merely on a fair acquaintance with the literature of a given specialty; it must go far beyond that into the realm of speculation and experiment and reason. One must have plenty of time for thoughtful consideration and reflection and adequate facilities for the trying out of every new idea.

One cannot help but contrast our teaching and our teachers here in America with that found in the great medical centers of Europe. Not that we need make European education our idol, no, but we may profitably take it for our example. There is such a delightful simplicity about it all-no fuss or feathers, no marble stairways, no bronze, no rattle of therapeutic musketry; the professor is usually a mild-mannered man who walks leisurely into his classroom, takes his place, smiles pleasantly and wishes his hearers "Guten Morgen." Then the lecture begins, continues as long as seems necessary and no effort is made to show a raft of cases. In fact one case may occupy the whole period, but when it is finished nothing is left to be done but the autopsy. Simplicity, thoroness, and scientific accuracy are the watchwords. The professor is always an authority, he has written and demonstrated the value of some drug or physical sign or chemical synthesis, he did not secure his place

entirely thru "pull" but only after his merit had been thoroly established. Moreover, he is given the full amplitude of his own aspirations, and is not ordered by a board of lay directors how to conduct his service and lectures.

In America we are greatly in need. of men who know how to teach, and who care enough about their subjects to sacrifice time and effort and money in order that others may learn it too. Our investigators are usually not teachers, they can be seen only by appointment, and are not inclined to tolerate nuisances in their laboratories in the matter either of beginners or advanced students. They are usually hampered by insufficient funds and often by inadequate equipment. They do the best they can with what they have, and the faults they manifest are largely not their own but part of a generally misdirected institutionalism. One great European teacher on the staff of every large New York hospital would soon revolutionize the entire system of medical teaching in America.

We constantly hear a great hue and cry about lack of money for the hospitals. There is no real lack of money but there is a lack of men, men of large minds unhampered by wires pulled in the direction of this or that so-called benefactor. In some respects we already have too much money and too many hospitals. We need to centralize as much as possible under one roof and let the work be carried on by great departmental divisions each. possessing the advantages of full interdepartmental co-operation. In a city like New York, for instance, there is no need of two special eye and ear hospitals each with a half dozen surgeons and scores of supernumerary