THE RENAISSANCE OF THE TWELFTH CENTURY

abbot activity ancient appears Arabic Aristotle became become begins bishop body called canon cathedral centre chapter Chartres Christian church classical close collections copied course court earlier early edition eleventh empire England English especially Europe examples followed France French give Greek hand Henry importance influence intellectual Italian Italy John king knowledge known lands language later Latin learning least less letters liberal literary literature logic manuscripts master material mediaeval medicine method Middle Ages mind monastery monk natural origin Paris passed perhaps period philosophy poems poetry poets popular records Renaissance respect revival rhetoric Roman Roman law Rome saints side texts theology thirteenth century tion tradition translated treatises turn twelfth century vernacular verse versions volumes whole writings written