the cure of the great destroyers of human happiness and human life are to be discovered by you. You may vanquish cholera, consumption, typhus, yellow fever, scarlet fever, and other demons of disease, and there may be even in your own class-why not?-an unsuspected peer of Harvey, of Jenner, of Lister, of Pasteur. By carrying on to its utmost limits the good work already begun in the Jefferson Medical College, by earnestness in study, by exactness in observation, by gathering your facts, shrewdly comparing and correlating them, by wise experiments to ascertain the correctness of your conclusions, and then by publishing them for the information and enlightenment of the profession, you will fill out the duty you owe to the Community, the College, and the Profession. The Alumni of the Jefferson Medical College, whose ranks you join to-day, have reason to be proud of the contributions to science made by the dear old College. Its large and constantly enlarging body of Instructors have always been in the forefront in the intellectual arena of Medicine. It was not less a matter of pride than of delighted surprise to me, not long since, when, apart from all the splendid work of its Alumni scattered all over the world, a partial compilation of the books and papers published in two years only by the teachers connected with the Jefferson showed that they had published 267 contributions to knowledge— almost one paper every two working days. See that you keep up-nay, more, that you extend-this scientific spirit, so fruitful of blessings to humanity.

We are about entering on a new era in the history of the College. Its educational and charitable work have both been hampered for the past twenty years, to a degree only appreciated by those engaged in the daily work of teaching in the College and in caring for the immense number of patients in the dispensary service of the Hospital. Here, again, the community is in utter ignorance of the enormous amount of charitable work done in the hospital. At the end of my

recent term of service of only eight weeks in the clinic, I reported to the Trustees that in addition to all the work in the surgical wards, in which there were nearly 50 patients requiring daily care, there had been 5005 visits in these 48 working days, and exactly 200 operations done, many of them of the most serious character, and without a single death.

This, mark you, is only the record of eight weeks of the entire year and in one department alone. If to these figures you add all the cases in the clinics for Medicine, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Diseases of the Eye, of the Throat, of the Ear, of the Nervous System, of Children, of Orthopaedic Surgery, of the Skin, etc., the sum-total is simply enormous. And all this is done in a Hospital built before these numerous clinics were even thought of, and in quarters lamentably deficient in space, air, and light.

Besides this charitable and scientific work, you know even better than I can tell you the absolute need for enlargement of the facilities in the various laboratories and lecture-rooms, requisite for teaching over 600 earnest young men every year. The simple fact is that we have outgrown-immensely outgrown-the facilities which our buildings afford. The four years' graded course, now voluntary, must soon be compulsory, and we will be worse off than ever. Hence the bold plan for the new buildings in a new and splendid location. The Trustees and Faculty are cordially united in their efforts for a "New Jefferson," and we appeal to the public of the State and of the City for aid.

Colleges, theological and technical schools, and hospitals have been endowed with millions, but who except Johns Hopkins has ever endowed a medical school? Yet here are educated the doctors who make or mar human lives in these very hospitals and in the entire community. this now ancient and honorable school, you shaping public sentiment in this direction.

As alumni of can assist in We appeal to

this charitable community to aid us in the great work of training their medical attendants to the very highest point of scientific and practical skill by gifts which will be repaid to them a hundredfold in their own lives and health and that of those dearest to them.

I welcome you, then, finally, into the goodly company of earnest workers and soldiers of knowledge in the campaign against ignorance and disease. Be an honor to the College, true to yourselves, and faithful to your fellow-men and to God throughout your lives, and His gracious benediction, "Well done, good and faithful servant," will be your final and blessed reward.

MEDICINE AS A CAREER FOR EDUCATED

MEN.*

"BEA

EAUTIFUL for situation, the joy of the whole earth," was the description of ancient Jerusalem by its enthusiastic admirer. And surely anyone looking on Pardee Hall would be justified in applying this encomium to Lafayette College. It is a genuine pleasure to me to join with you in your annual festival when your tribes come up to their intellectual Jerusalem, "singing their songs of degrees" as of old. And although the son of another academic mother, I rejoice with you in the prosperity and glories of your noble college. I see around me old men, graduates of the forties, with silvered heads, their paths in life chosen, their duties fulfilled, their lives culminating in honored, cultivated leisure and wide influence, whose achievements are recorded in the history of the world of art, science, literature, language, business, and religion. I see, again, men in middle life, graduates of the sixties and seventies, alert for every opening for the best work in the world's great enterprises. They are in the forefront of the fight against ignorance, vice, and irreligion.

But it is rather to the young men, and especially to you, gentlemen of the graduating class,-who are now taking leave of these classic shades where you have spent the four most blissful and fruitful years of a man's life, to which he ever reverts as the halcyon days of youth-to you that I espe

*The Commencement Address at Lafayette College, June 13, 1893, and (with slight changes) the Phi Beta Kappa Address, Brown University, June 20, 1893.

cially address myself. The joys, the trials, the studies, the achievements of your college life are now, or soon will be, over. The world stands open before you. "What shall I do?" is the question of questions to you. The decision of this question may make or mar you.

If you decide rightly you will achieve success, honor, happiness, and the final consolation of a life well and nobly spent. If wrongly, your decision may wreck, even hopelessly, a young life full of brilliant promise. You and your fellows in the many colleges of the land who will graduate in this leafy June have on your side youth, with all its potencies. You have a just and laudable ambition. You are ready to work your finger-nails off. You have trained intellects. You are members of the true aristocracy of learning, men of marshalled forces, the hope of the nation, the future natural leaders of thought in public and in private life. What shall you do? "Surely," says Carlyle in his Biography of John Stirling, "the young heroic soul entering on life so opulent, full of sunny hope, of noble valor, and divine intention, is tragical as well as beautiful to us."

It is of equal importance to the community as well as to you that you elect wisely what path you will follow in this busy world. Some of you will enter commercial life, lured possibly by hopes of material reward. Some may be devoted to art, with its æsthetic enjoyments. Some will find in literature the contentment and fame that come to the successful author. Some will devote your lives to the highest human function and service to your fellow-men, in winning them to Christ-like lives and heavenly aspirations. Some will seek the noble profession of the law and will become leaders of the bar and wear the ermine on the bench. Not a few, I hope, will devote yourselves to a scientific career, with, it is true, its ceaseless toil, but also its fascinating investigations, its splendid discoveries, its beneficent inventions.

It is my desire to lay before you some of the rewards, the