Adoration as primitive as fear in Ally, supernatural, sought by man, 154
religion, 21
Eschines, 338-40
Agricultural times, sacrificial rite first becomes a cheerful feast, 194; an- cestor-worship dates from, 194, 195 Agriculture, later than pastoral life, 115; compatible with nomad life, 234; generally left by savages to the women, 240, 258, 379 Agyrtæ, 333-4, 352, 371
Altar, a pole or pile to mark the place on which the blood of the totem is shed, 131; survival of the pile in Greece, 132, in New World, Samoa, and the Samoyeds, 133; pile becomes a dresser or altar, ib.; the pillar, a beth-el, ib. pile and pillar combined, 134; wooden pillar becomes wooden image, stone pillar the marble image of the god, 135, 139; idol, like altar, smeared with blood, ib.; materials not to be taken from any chance place, 135, but from a taboo- spot, 136, 137; primitive altars to be distinguished from stones wor- shipped, 137; primitive altar not at first a god, 138; a common, used by two or more tribes, 235; generally near sacred tree and stream, 237 Altar-stone, anointed with oil, or clad in skin, 291 Amatongo, 53
Amazon peoples, dead buried in house, 49; mothers taboo after child birth,75 Amazulu, priests, 287
Ambon, cure for disease, 45 Amulets. See Charms
Ahts, blood offering, 171; next world, Anaxagoras, on myths, 267
Ancestor-worship, not the source of belief in the supernatural, 55; causes
desire for sons, 56; a by-product ib.; guardian spirits, 187, 188; essentially a private worship, 188; expressions and acts of sorrow do not amount to worship, 189; such acts must first become matter of custom, 190; blood-letting to revivify the deceased comes to be regarded as an "offering" to him, 190-2; parallel of hair offerings, 193-4; so the funeral feast is interpreted as in honour of the dead, 194; date of this change, ib.; then when the family comes into existence a body of worshippers is provided, 195; date, ib.; assimilated to the worship of the gods, 195; altars and idols, 196; superhuman powers now ascribed to the deceased, 196, 197; the "deified ancestor" fallacy, 197; gods not originally ghosts, 197-8; ancestor-worship does not satisfy the religious instinct, 198; bound up with the patriarchate and eventually an obstacle to progress, 199; not based on fear, nor the source of religion, 225; its effects on the belief in the next world, 301-2; for- bidden to the Jews, 302; not the source of religion, ib.; libations of water in, 323-4 Angakuts, 290 Angels, 383
Angoy, royal blood may not be shed, 73 Animal-headed gods, 123
Animals, sacrificed to non-totem deities, 230; sacred, change of status in, 295-6; sacred to gods, 384 Animate and inanimate, a division unknown to primitive man, 414 Animism, 21 ff.; no element of the supernatural necessarily present in, 22, but usually present, 41; rever- sions to, 141ff.; not per se religious, 206, 393, 409; in it man projects his own personality on to nature, 394
Ανιπτόποδες, 63 Annihilation, 319
Annual sacrifice and renewal of blood- covenant, 294 Antelope, as totem, 155 Anthropology, deals with social and religious institutions, 2; and employs the Comparative Method (q.v.), 2 Anthropomorphism, of tree-totems, 208-9; consequence of polytheism, 247; gradual growth traceable in art and mythology, 252 Antilles, guardian spirits, 184 Ants, as totems, 126 Apalaches, 311
Apaturia, 51 Apepi, 309 Aphrodite, 273 Apis, calf marked by twenty-nine signs, 122; in which the god manifested himself, 130; though all other cows were also sacred, 183
Apollo, laurel associated with, 209; absorbed many other (totem) gods, 236, 385; associated with dolphin, 252; dissociated from dolphin-myth, 253; eiresione attached to his temple, 255; personality individual though ritual complex, 390; possesses the Sibyl, 274, 283; communicates power of prophecy by blood of sacrifice, 285; by eating of laurel- leaves, 286
Apollo Parrhasios, sacrifice to be con- sumed in sanctuary, 146; and entirely, 149 Αποφράδες (ἡμέραι), 67 Apple, eating the first, 293 Arabian Nights, 253, 259, 355 Arabians might not wash the head, 63; blood-feuds with animals, 100; primitive altar, 132; the noşb, 133; sacrificial rite, 144; joint-eating, 330. See Hebrews, Israel, Jews, Semites
Arafuas, funeral feasts, 46
Arcadia, primitive form of sacrificial meal, 146 'Apxepavioths, 3352 ̓Αρχέρανος, 3352 ̓Αρχιθιασίτης, 3352 Aricia, 238 Arion, 253
Aristophanes, parodies Eleusinia, 375–6 Armenia, totem tombstones, 103 Arnobius, anointed sacred stones, 143 Art, in its highest forms, not a survival
of barbarism, though evolved, 10; exhibits gradual growth of anthro- pomorphism, 252; progress in, 396 Artemis, image clad in skin, 2521; the Ephesian, 209
Artemis Hymnia, priestess of, taboo, 62, 63, 77
Aryan. See Indo-European Ashantis, defeated by Fantis, 21; offer blood to the dead, 52; their con- federation, 239 Ashera, 134, 135
Asia, functional deities, 247 Asparagus, as totem, 125
Assiniboins, suspension burial, 204 Association of an animal with a god, 124, 127; of a human figure and tree, 208-9; in art, 252 Association of Ideas, accounts for transmissibility of taboo, 67; 91
Associations, religious, 331 ff. Assyria, sacred trees, 208
Astarte, associated with swine, 128; idol of, 139 Atargatis, 128
Battas (the), offer blood to the dead, 52; do not kill their domesticated animals, 116; sacrifices to the dead, 196; cannibalism, 202; priests, 288 Beard, swearing by the, 64
Athênê, sacred olive of, 208; priestess Beating, to draw a blood- offering, of, 271
Athens, sacred olive of, 208
Atiu Islanders, eat not with strangers,
Atonement for sin, 160, 161
Attendants, slaughtered at grave, 200 Attention, unequally distributed over field of consciousness, 8, 34; "move- ment of att." a factor in animism, 22 Australian black men, belief as to erysipelas, 23; make the sun stand still, 24; name of dead taboo, 61; eat not with strangers, 71; mothers taboo after child-birth, 74, 75; mourning, 79; terror of taboo, 83; puberty ceremonies, 103, 104; muti- lation, 170; blood-offerings to the dead, 191, 193; their natural affec- tion and moral character, 2003; sacred trees, 208. See Victoria Aygnan, 308
Aztecs, blood-offerings to the dead, 191; grave-posts, 196. See Mexico
171 Beaver-totem, 102 Behnya, 164
Belief, not required in antique religions, 250; a belief not untrue because universal, 284; species of, arise from sports or varieties, 303-5; the test of, 398, 402; differences of, how explained, 398 f., 400; teaching essential to propagation of, 400, 405; evolution of, not purely intel- lectual, 403-4. See Validity Beltane cakes, 219
Best clothes, 66. Beth-el, 133 Bhogaldai, 213
Birth, of Iacchus, 373 Birth-trees, 207 Black art, 166
Blemish, physical, requires death of divine king, 279; deprecated in priest, 289
Blest, Islands of the, 313
Blood, taboo, 59, 67 73, 74; so may not be shed, 74; nor allowed to touch the ground, 75; shedder of blood "unclean," 75; used for puri- fication, 76; of clan communicated at crises to individual clansmen, 103, 104; sap of plants serves for blood, 115; the same blood flows in the veins of all the clan, 130, and of all the totem-species, ib.; is the spirit of the species, 131; and is shed to procure a theophany, ib. ; and taboos the spot, which is therefore marked, ib.; dashed on altar of evil spirits, 175; of clan applied to clansman at birth, puberty, marriage, death, 192; extended as an offering from animal to cereal deities, 219, 220; repre- sented by fat or oil, 285; by sap of tree, 286; drinking, cause of inspira tion, 286, 293, 296; ceases to be an adequate means of communion, 329
Blood-covenant, 97 ff.; originally only between tribes, 99; later between individuals, 142; sacrifice originally a, 147; between clan and clan- god, 170; between individuals, ib.; between individual and clan-god, 170-3 Blood-feud, 54, 97, 122
Blood-letting, as a protection against foreigners, 71
Blood-offerings, to the dead, 51, 52; as a means of commendation to the gods, 170 ff., 220; in worship of unattached spirits, 174; to guardian spirits, 182; at the grave, 191, not due to fear but desire to revivify the deceased, 190-2; in the Eleusinia, 365, 380
Blood-relationship, necessary bond of nomad but not of settled life, 120 Bloodshed, evaded, 292
Blood-tie, bond of society, 54, 330; broken down, 376 Bobowissi, a general deity, 163; chief god of Fanti confederation, 239
CAIRNS, which mark graves come to be regarded as altars, 196 Calamity, due to sin, 160 Caldwell, Bp., 174–6 Calendar, the agricultural, 225-8 Calf-god, 122
Calicut, kings of, 279 Cambodia, 275, 280
Canada, Indians of, totems and tattooing, 182
Cañari Indians, myth, 257-8, 260 Cannibalism, rarely religious in in- tention, 201; practiced on aliens, 201, on kinsmen, 202; latter implies no disrespect, nor prevents ancestor- worship, 203; but aims at keeping the good qualities of the deceased within the clan, 203
Cape Coast natives discover Djwi- j'ahnu, 20, 21 Cardea, 246
Caribs, name of dead taboo, 61; property taboo, 72; mourners fast, 78; fasted after a birth, 75; then purified child, 76; their canni- balism, 201
Caste, based on taboo, 73
Catal (the), burn the good, bury the bad, 50
Categorical Imperative, 85
Cattle, not eaten by pastoral peoples,
116. See Domesticated Animals
Caucasus, "dwarf-houses" in, 50
Branch, carried in procession, 255. Causation, savage theory of, 31;
Buhuitihu, 176
Bulgarians, funeral feasts, 51 Bulls, sacrificed to rivers, 230
Burats, their remedies for disease, 441
Burial, in house, 49, 50; of bad people, 50; of totem animals, 126; its object isolation of the corpse, which is taboo, 204; effected by suspension, ib. See Cremation, Inhumation Burmah, outcasts taboo, 69 Burning, to avoid bloodshed, 73, 74 Burnt-offering, subsequent to growth of the conception of a piaculum, 160-1; facilitates syncretism, 236 Buryats, corpse of Shaman taboo, 76 Butler, Bp., 46, 152 Butterfly, as totem, 243
animistic, 206; universality of, 284; man's belief in, inherent and undemonstrated, 404
Celebes, the Topantunuasu remedy for disease, 45; mothers taboo after child-birth, 74. See Minahassa Celts, 313
Ceos, funeral law, 77
Ceram, hair may not be cut in, 45 Cereal deities, generally feminine, why, 240
Cereals, cultivation of, 210; as totems,
Charonea, 2923
Xaλačopúλakes, 171 Chalcatongo, 305
Chaldæa, magic in, 40; house-gods, 186
Charms, 165; not worshipped, 168; no spirit resides in them, 178,
Cheese, not to be eaten by priestess of Athênê, 271
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