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Hansemann, Ueber die Anaplasie der Geschwulstz. und die assymetrische Mitose. Virch. Arch. Bd 129, 1892,―30. Ribbert, Neuere Arbeiten zur Aetiologie der Carcinome. Deutsch. med. Wochenschr. 1891. Nr 1. Ueber Einschl. im Epithel bei Carcinomen. D:o 1891, s. 1179.-31. Lubarsch, Aetiologie d. Carcinome. Ergebn. der Allg. Pathol. und Pathol. Anatom. 1894, I, 2, s. 468. Pathol Anat. und Krebsforchung. Ein Wort z. Verständigung. Wiesbaden 1902.-32. Borrel, Les théories parasitair. du Cancer. Ann. de l'Institut Pasteur, 1901-33 Pfeiffer, L., Die Protozoen als Krankheitserreger. Jena 1891. Untersuchungen über den Krebs. Jena 1894.-34. Adamkiewicz, Unters. über den Krebs und das Princip seiner Behandlung. Wien und Leipzig 1893. Enl. Stroebe. Zur Krebsfrage. Fortschr. d. Med. 1893. Nr 13 och Nr 15. Ueber den Krebsparasiten. Wien. med. Pr. 1894,--35. Korotneff, Sporozoen als Krankheitserreger, Berlin 1894.-36. Schüller, Die Parasiten im Krebs und Sarkom d. Mensch. Jena 1901.-37. Leyden, E. v., Ueber die Parasiten des Krebses. Veroffentl. des Komittés für Krebsforsch. II. Ergänzungeb. z. klin. Jahrb. Jena 1902.-38. Feinberg, Das Gewebe und die Ursache der Krebsgeschwulste. Berlin 1993.-39. Podwyssotzki, Myxomyceten resp. Plasmodiophora Brassica als Erzeuger d. Geschw. der Thiere. Centralbl. f. Bact. u. Parasitk. 1900. Bd 27. N:r 3. Zeitschr. f. kl. Med. Bd 47, 1902.-40. Spirla, Ueber Verdauungsvakuolen und ihre Beziehungen zu FoàPlimmers Krebsparasiten. Münch. med. Wochenschr. 1903, 19.-41. Doflein, und v. Prowazek. Handbuch der Pathog. Mikroorg. von Kolle und Wassermann. 11 och. 12 Lief. Jena 1903. s. 898.-42, Noesske, Zur Frage der Krebsparasiten. Arch. f. kl. Chirurgie. 67 Bd. 4 hft. 1902.-43. Apolant och Embden. Zeitschr. f. Hygiene. Bd. 42.-44. Russel, The characteristic organism of cancer, Brit. med. journ, 1890. 2, s. 1297 o. 1356,-45. Klien, Zieglers Beitr. Bd XI,-46. Lubarsch, Verhandl. d, naturf, Gesellsch. in Rostock, 1892.-47. Raum, Zur Morphol. u. Biol, der Sprosspilze. Zeitschr. f. Hygiene 1891. Bd 10.-48. Neymayer, Unters, ube. die verschied. Hefenart. Arch, f, Hygiene 1891.49. Busse, Ueber parasitäre Einschlüsse und ihre Zuchtung. Centralbl. f. Bakt, und Parasitenk. 1894, Bd 16. Ueber Saccharomycosis hominis. Virch, Arch, Bd 140, 1895, Die Sprosspilze. Handb. der path, Mikroorg. v. Kolle und Wassermann. 4 o. 5 Lief. Jena 1902, s. 661 o, f.-50, Curtis, Contrib. à l'étude de la Saccharamycose hum. Ann, de l'Inst. Pasteur. 1896.-51. Fermi och Aruch, Ueber eine neue pathog. Hefenart. Centralbl. f. Bakt, und Parasitenk, 1895. Bd 17.-52. Tokishige, Ueber pathog. Blastomyc, Centralbl. f. Bakt. u. Parasitenk. Bd 1896,-53, Mafucci och Sirleo, Beobacht, und Versuche uber einen pathog. Blastomyc, Centralbl, f. Pathol. Bd 6. Nr 8, Nr 11, Bd 7.-54. Sanfelice, Sull'azione patogena die blastom, etc, Policlinica 1895, Enl, Baumgartens Jahresb. 1895 Ueber eine fur Thiere pathog, Sprosspilzart und etc. Centralbl, f, Bakt, und Parasitenk. Bd 17, s. 113 och 625, Zeitschr. f. Hygiene. Bd 21. Nr 3. Bd 22. N:r 1.-55. Petersen und Exner, Ueber Hefepilze und Geschwulstbildung. Beitr. z, kl. Chirurgie. Bd 25, 1899, Enl. W. Jensen. --56. Richardson, Report of culture experiments etc. First annual rep. of canc commis. Harward. 1900, Second report. D:o 1902, Enl, W. Jensen,-57. Alessandri, Bacteriolog, Untersuch. bosart, Geschwulst. Centralbl. f. Bakt, Bd 33.-58. Bra, Le champion parasite du cancer, La presse méd. 1899, Le cancer et son parasite. Paris, 1900.-59. Stecksen, Studier öfver Curtis blastomycet. Stockholm 1900,-60. Enl. W. P. Jensen, se lit,-fort. 69.-61. Plimmer, A preliminary note upon certain organisms isolated from cancer. The Lancet, 1899, s. 826, 989, 1120. Vorlauf, Notiz uber gewisse vom Krebs isolirte Organismen, Centralbl. f. Bakt. Bd 25, 1899,-62. Gaylord, The protozoon of cancer, The americ, journ, of the med. scienc. 1901,-63, Leopold, Untersuchungen zur Aetiologie des Carcinom etc. Arch. f. Gynakologie. Bd 61, 1900.-64. Rickets, Oidiomycosis (blastomycosis) of the skin and its fungi, Journ, of med, research. Vol. VI. N:r 3.-65, Stoewer, Ein Beitrag z. Aetiolog, der Keratitis. XII. intern, Kongr. in Moskwa 1899, Bd VI.-66, Lundsgaard, Et tilfælde af hypopyonkeratitis med renkultur af gær. Hospitalstidende 1899.-67. Colpe, Hefezellen im weibl. Genitalkanal. Arch, f, Gynakol. Bd 47, 1894,--68, Enl. W. Jensen se lit, fort, N:r 69.69. Jensen, Wilh. P, H., Undersøgelser over Patogen, gær, Köpenhamn 1903,-70. Sjöbring, Ueber Krebsparasiten. Verh. d. deutsch. Ges, f. Chirurgie 30. Congress, in Berlin, 1901, Ueber die Aetiologie der Geschwulste, Verhandl, d. deutsch. pathol. Gesellschaft in Aachen 1900,-,,-, Krebs, Centralbl. f. Chirurgie, N:r 29. Beiblatt. Hygiea. Stockholm, 1902. N:r 3, s. 341.-71. Israel, Die Probleme der Krebsaetiologie. Arch. f, kl. Chirurgie, 67 Bd, 1902, s. 463-69.-72, Ribbert, Geschwustlehre. Bonn, 1904, 8. 484. MOTT (F. W.), HALLIBURTON (W. D.), and EDMUNDS (A.). Regeneration of Nerves. Proc. Physiol. Soc., March 19, 1904. FOLLOWING their well-known investigations upon nerve degeneration, Mott and Halliburton have now turned their attention to the processes of regeneration. At an early stage in the degeneration of nerve fibres the neurilemnal cells multiply, and later appear to share with the phagocytes the removal of the broken-up myelin droplets. They afterwards elongate and look as though they were connected end to end and appear like embryonic nerve fibres. These elongated strands of neurilemnal cells are situated outside the newly-forming axis cylinder (which is central in origin), and conceal it underneath or within them. The writers conclude that the peripheral cells only form a scaffolding for the regenerated axis cylinder, the latter proceeding alone from the central end of the divided nerve. "We cannot," they say, "rely solely upon histological evidence alone; a strand that looks like a nerve fibre is not really such unless it can be experimentally shown to be both excitable and capable of conducting nerve impulses." This Clinical observers have stated that after freshening up a divided nerve and suturing it, sensation returns within forty-eight hours. has been held to support the peripheral theory of nerve regeneration. In a case similarly treated at King's College Hospital, a short time after the operation the man stated he was again able to feel, but these sensations rapidly disappeared and sensation did not really return until months after. Probably the "freshening up" caused a stimulation lasting for some hours, the sensation being referred by the patient to the original terminals of the fibres. Sections of nerves were made, and the upper ends were enclosed in closed caps so as to prevent the union of the peripheral with the central ends. After 100 to 150 days the animal was anæsthetised and the nerves tested by electrical stimulation. In all cases they were entirely inexcitable to strong Faradic currents; even the wasted muscles barely responded to this type of stimulation. Microscopically, the nerves showed no trace of regeneration. In monkeys and cats a large nervewas divided and the ends were sutured together. When restoration of function suggested that regeneration had occurred, the nerve was exposed, the union of the two ends was found to have been accomplished and the nerve was excitable both above and below the junction. A piece of nerve was then excised an inch or so below the junction, and it was found to be made up of fine new nerve fibres, while all traces of degenerated products had disappeared. The animal was then allowed to live for ten days longer. It was then killed, and the nerve both below and above the second incision was examined. The peripheral portion was quite inexcitable and showed Wallerian degeneration. Some evidence is adduced to show that the more distant the situation from the original point of section the less perfectly developed the new fibres appeared to be. In regard to the influence of stimulus upon regeneration, the upper posterior roots were divided on one side in a monkey. This operation paralysed movements except under the influence of strong emotions. A large nerve of the arm was then divided and then sutured. The corresponding nerve on the healthy side was then similarly treated. The animal was killed 60-70 days after the nerves had been cut. Union of the divided nerves occurred on both sides of the body and the nerves reacted equally to the Faradic current, and both fibres and cord presented the same histological appearances. Additional experiments are in progress to further cut off all paths for stimuli from the anterior cornual neurons in order to investigate the process of regeneration in the absence of apparent stimuli. WALKER Hall. M'DONALD (S.). General Streptothrix Infection. Scottish Med. and Surgical Journal, 1904, p. 305. A WOMAN, æt. 65, who lived opposite some large stables gave a history of cough, alcohol and pain in the left side. She had been confined to bed for some weeks with pleurisy. On admission to hospital her pulse was 112, respirations 28, and temperature 99-8°. Neither cough nor expectoration. Fine crepitation in right axilla; bronchial breathing over root of right lung. She stared continuously with her eyes turned to the right; the right arm was paralysed and her tongue deviated towards the right. The day after admission there was incontinence of urine and fæces; there was difficulty in swallowing. She became comatose, the temperature rose to 104.5°F., and she died 60 hours after admission. At the autopsy numerous caseous-looking deposits were found in both lungs, in both kidneys, and in the cerebrum. One large mass was situated in the right optic thalamus encroaching on the internal capsule. The deposits had the appearance of small abscesses and when stained by Gram's method revealed numerous branching filaments. Cultures were made in ordinary agar media and a pure growth of a streptothrix was obtained. The organism possessed characters similar to those of the streptothrix described by Eppinger and MacCullum, and was definitely pathogenic for guinea-pigs and rabbits. Infection most probably occurred through the respiratory system, the lesions in the right lung being the oldest in the body, with a subsequent general infection of the other parts of the lungs and the other organs. The lesions consisted of a local necrosis with a fibrinous exudation. The organism itself was always demonstrable and the necrotic areas were surrounded chiefly by polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes. WALKER HALL. DEVIC ET CHARVET. Duodenal Ulcerations in Renal Disease. Revue de Méd. Vol. xxiii. S 881. DUODENAL ulcerations occur chiefly during the course of chronic interstitial nephritis, and are more frequent than hitherto supposed. In 580 autopsies the writers observed twelve cases of distinct ulceration of the duodenum. Of the twelve cases, five occurred in men and seven in women, all of whom were over 50. The lesion first appears as an hæmorrhagic infiltration of the mucosa which rapidly passes on to necrosis, erosion and deep ulceration. The ulcers show no tendency to heal, and they progress towards perforation and are associated with frequent hæmorrhages. The cause of the condition is to be found in the uræmic condition of the blood and the consequent tendency to secondary infection. Alterations in the vessels themselves and local circulating disturbances are only secondary in importance. WALKER Hall. BRAMWELL (BYRON). Pancreatic Infantilism. Scottish Med. and Surg. Journal, 1904, p. 321. A FURTHER report upon the case shown at the Medico-Chirurgical Society in 1902 and in March, 1904. The infantile condition of the pancreas was originally diagnosed by the excessive amount of undigested fat in the stools, by the decreased excretion of urinary phosphates, and by the administration of Sahli's capsules. (These contain iodoform surrounded by a glutoid substance which is insoluble in the gastric and intestinal secretions, but soluble in the pancreatic secretion. Liberation of the iodoform leads to the early appearance of iodine in the saliva). The administration of pancreas gland since 1901 has resulted in freedom from diarrhoea, gradual growth, proper sexual development, and increase in weight. The condition is quite distinct from sporadic cretinism, with which many of these cases have no doubt been confounded." WALKER HALL. MACKIE (F. PERCIVAL). Therapeutics. Antistreptococcie Serum in Scarlet Fever and Diphtheria. Lancet, Feb. 20, 1904, p. 493. THE article is based upon a series of 950 cases of scarlet fever, with a mortality of 2.25 per cent. The serum was injected in 22 cases, the amount of each dose given being one bottle, i.e., approximately ten cubic centimetres, but the number of doses varied. from 1 to 7 bottles per patient. Dr. Mackie has to admit that the results were not constant, but he believes the injections were of value. He recommends the injection of this serum along with diphtheritic antitoxin in cases of septic diphtheria. R. W. MARSDEN. EINHORN (MAX). Serum Treatment of Typhoid Fever. Medical Record, Jan. 16, 1904, p. 81. DR. EINHORN refers briefly to the work done upon this subject by Chantemesse, Jez, etc., and then gives details of 3 out of 10 cases which he treated with an antityphoid serum prepared by Jez and Tavel of the Berne Board of Health. He says that after the first or second injection a marked reduction in fever usually occurs, and the general condition is much improved. From the late stage of the disease in which the injections were apparently given it would seem to be impossible to say that the above changes were due to the serum; nevertheless, the writer believes that" the treatment originated by Chantemesse certainly means a lasting progress in the treatment of typhoid fever." R. W. MARSDEN. WALLACE (C. S.) and SARGENT (P. G. W.) The Treatment of Tetanus by the Injection of Antitoxin Into the Spinal Theca. The Lancet, March 5, 1904, p. 642. THE writers report four cases of tetanus in which they injected antitoxin through a needle introduced between the third and fourth lumbar vertebræ into the spinal canal. The amount injected was 10cm., and the injection was repeated once or twice in each case. The incubation period of the cases varied from 6 to 11 days. Three of the cases recovered; in these treatment by chloral and bromides had also been carried out. A. J. RODOCANACHI. SKINNER (C. E.) Two Cases of Severe X-Ray Necrosis, Presenting Some Unusual Features. Medical News, 1904, p. 351. CASE I. Woman, aged 50, came under treatment for pseudo-leukæmia accompanied by a large accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. exciting apparatus, 16 revolving 32-inch plate Morton-Wimshurst-Holtz F The |