insulus, &c.-"let us seek the fields, the blessed fields, and the rich isles," &c., where there will be plenty of money and nothing to do! The poet is understood to refer to Madeira and the Canaries; and the recommendation to have been suggested by the proposal of Sertorius to his followers, when he was unsuccessful in Spain, about B.C. 82. Cp. Plutarch, Sertor. 8, and Florus, iii. 22, and see also Notes, Ode iv. 8, 27. people of Phocæa, after having bound them-oppoos яávтa nunλay. Arva, &c.— selves by solemn imprecations, fled from their fields and their homes." Porphyrion makes execrata govern agros. Cp. Columella, i. 3, Sedes suas profugerent. The Phocæans, a people of Ionia, when their city was besieged by Harpagus, B.C., 534, rather than submit to the power of Cyrus, abandoned, their city, binding themselves by an oath, and by solemn imprecations, not to return before a mass of burning iron, which they threw into the sea, should rise and float on the surface. Cp. Herodotus, i. 165. 21. Pedes-Cp. Ode iii. 11, 49. 22. Protervus-Cp. Ode i. 26, 2. 25. Sed juremus in haec (verba) - See Notes, Epode 15, 4. In the oath recommended stones are substituted for iron. Simul (ac), &c.-nefas-"that we shall be permitted to return whenever these stones shall rise from the bottom of the sea, and swim back to the surface of the water." 27. Domum-"to our country." Quando Padus Matina laverit cacumina - "when the Po shall wash the Matinian summits," i.e., when the Po, in the north, shall wash the summits of Matinus (Matinata), a mountain and promontory in Apulia, near Mons Garganus, in the south-east of Italy. Cp. Ode i. 28, 3, and iv. 2, 27. 29. Proruperit-"shall have burst forth." Bentley proposes procurrerit. 30. Monstra junxerit-"shall form unnatural unions." 31. Juvet ut--"so that it may delight." Subsidere-"to couch." 33. Credula-"persuaded of their safety." Ravos-See Notes, Ode iii. 27, 3. Some MSS. give flavos; others, saevos; and Lambinus, fulvos. 34. Laevis, λios-"become smooth," i.e., become smooth as a fish, from having been rough and shaggy. 35. Haec exsecrata-"having sworn to the performance of these things, under solemn imprecations." 37. Aut pars indocili melior grege-"or that portion which is wiser than the stupid (or illiterate) crowd." Mollis, &c.—cubilia "let the faint-hearted and desponding press these ill-omened couches," i.e., continue to dwell in this ill-omened city. 39. Muliebrem tollite luctum-"away with womanish grief," i.e, quit yourselves like men, and shed no tears on the eve of your departure. Tollite-pellite-Cp. Epist. i. 12, 3. 43. Cererem-"corn"=frumentum, as Neptunus, in Epode 17, 55-mare. Inarata "without being ploughed," as in the golden age. 46. Suamque, &c.-arborem-"and the dark (i.e., the ripe) fig graces its own (ie., the natural or ungrafted) tree." 48. Crepante pede-"with purling footstep," i.e., with a pleasant murmur. 50. Tenta-"distended." Cp. Virg. Ecl. 4, 21. Amicus refers to the friendly feelings with which, to the eye of the poet, the flock is supposed to bestow its gifts upon the master. Sec 51. Vespertinus "at evening." Notes, Ode i. 2, 45, and compare Virg. Geo. iii. 537. 52. Neque, &c.-humus-"nor does the high ground heave with snakes," and consequently the hills may be reclined on, or traversed without alarm. The heavings of the serpents when they move are here poetically attributed to the ground. Cp. Virg. Geo. ii. 153. Doering here inserts nulla nocent, &c.-impotentia, which in all the MSS. come after line 60, Laboriosa nec colors Ulixei. They are more Horatian without the transposition. Cp. Notes, Epode 2, 10. 53. Ut, &c. -imbribus-"how neither rainy Eurus wastes the fields with excessive showers," &c. Cp. Homer's description of Elysium (Odys. iv. 566, &c.), and with mirabimur ut, compare Ode iii. 4, 13. 56. Utrumque temperante-" controlling each extreme," i.e., the rainy cold and scorching heat. 57. Non huc, &c.-pinus-"the pine has not sped hither with an Argoan band of rowers," i.e., the Argo never visited these happy regions to introduce the corruptions of other lands. 58. Impudica Colchis"the immodest Colchian maid " is Medea, who manifested a want of female modesty, in abandoning her home along with Jason and the Argonauts. See Notes, Ode ii. 13, 8. 59. Cornua-"their sail-yards," lit. "the extremities of their sail-yards," antennarum being understood. The manner of using them is illustrated by the cut affixed to the Note on Ode i. 3, 7. 60. Laboriosa cohors Ulixei-"the much-apart these shores for a dutiful race, when toiled band of Ulysses" who, in Homer, is he alloyed the golden age with brass; when, after this, he hardened with iron the brazen frequently styled πολύτλας. age," ie., when the brazen and the iron had succeeded to the golden age. 61. Nulla nocent pecori contagia-A proof of the salubrity of the climate. Nullius astri aestuosa impotentia-"the scorching violence of no star." See Notes, Ode iii. 3, 9. 63. Jupiter, &c. -- secula — “Jupiter set 65. Quorum seculorum &c.-fuga-" from which ages an auspicious escape is granted to the pious, according to my prediction." EPODE XVII.-Monoclos: Metre-The First Iambic, composed throughout of Iambic Trimeters, or Senarii; thus— SUBJECT-An ironical recantation of Epode 5, and Sat. i. 8, with Canidia's affectedly indignant reply. See introduction to Epode 5. The date of composition is unknown. Grotefend places it as early as 39, and Weichert as late as 25, B C. 1. Jam jam, &c.-scientiae-"now, now, I yield submissively to thy mighty art," i.e., I acknowledge and submit to thy power, mighty sorceress. Dare manus is properly said of the vanquished, when they offer their hands to be bound by the victors on the field of battle. 2. Regna, &c. - carminum "by the realms of Proserpina, and by the power of Hecate, not to be provoked with impunity (xívnra), and by thy books of enchantments," &c. The poet here adjures Canidia by the things which she most revered, and with which, as a sorceress, she was supposed to be most conversant. 5. Refixa-devocare sidera-"to loosen and call down the stars," lit. "to call down the loosened stars." Most MSS, for refixa, give defixa, which some translate "spellbound," and others as equivalent to affixa"that have been fixed in." tyl. 6. In this line the first half foot is a dac 8. Movit (ad misericòrdiam)-The poet heightens the ridicule of the piece, by citing Achilles and Circe as examples of imitation or the worthless Canidia. Nepotem Nereïum-"Achilles, his mother Thetis being the daughter of Nereus. Telephus-The king of Mysia, who opposed the landing of the Greeks when they came to the Trojan war, about в C. 1194, and in doing so was wounded by the spear of Achilles. Advised by Apollo, he repaired to the Grecian camp. Achilles, moved to compassion by his prayers, healed him with the rust of the 7. Citumque, &c.-turbinem-"and turn backward, do turn, thy swift-revolving wheel." Turbo is here the "magic reel,' which was especially used for the recovery of unfaithful lovers, and, in Greek was styled póubos, or "vy. To this a thread, spear that had inflicted the wound; and he, or series of thrums (licia) was attached, in return, showed the Greeks the road to and when wound round, was supposed Troy. Cp. Propertius, ii. 1, 63, Mysus et to attract the individual who was the Hemonia juvenis qua cuspide vulnus Sensubject of the ceremony. Horace there-serat, hac ipsa cuspide sensit opem. fore intreats Canidia to reverse her reel, that he might be freed from the spell in which she had bound him. Turbo is frequently used for verticillus (argopíyyiov), the whorl, or whirl, of a spindle fusus), and is exhibited in the following cut, which illustrates the ancient mode of spinning with the distaff (colus). matrons anointed the corpse of Hector, 11. Unxere, &c.-Hectorem-"the Trojan slaughterer of heroes, originally doomed to voracious birds and dogs," in consequence of the relenting of Achilles at the supplications of Priam. 12. In this line the first half foot is a dactyl; the third and fourth are tribrachs. 14. Pervicacis-Achilleï-"of the inflexible Achilles." See Notes, Ode i. 6, 6. 388, &c. 36. Quod stipendium-"what ransom? or "what atonement?" " "a For the accusative 40. Sonari-"to be celebrated." Like 15. Setosa, &c.-membra-"the rowers of the much-toiled Ulysses divested their hetacomb of bullocks.' 39. Centum juvencos = ixaτóμßny. bristly limbs of the hard skins of swine, here, Bentley prefers the ablative. Mendaci with the consent of Circe," the famous lyra-"on a lying lyre," ie., on a lyre sorceress of Ææa, who, according to the which will celebrate thee, a shameless wofable, first transformed the followers of intercession of their chieftain, restored them, it is also found actively. Cp. TibulUlysses into swine, and afterwards, at the nan, as the ornament of thy sex. to their natural shape. Cp. Hom. Odys x. lus, i. 3, 60, and Ovid, Met. x. 205. 17. Tunc, &c.-honor-"then reason and 41. Perambulabis astra sidus aureum -speech imperceptibly returned, and well-thou shalt move majestically, as a brilknown dignity glided back into their looks." liant constellation, amid the stars," ie., For relapsus, some MSS. give relatus; and my verses will raise thee to the stars of honor refers to the dignity of the human heaven. See Notes, Epode 4, 5. countenance, in contrast to the degraded aspect of swine. Cp. Virg. Æn. i. 591. 20. Multum-Cp. Ode i. 25, 5 bus-Cp. Ode iii. 6, 20. Institori 21. Et verecundus color-"and its blushing complexion." 22. Reliquit, &c.-lurida-"has left behind only bones covered with livid skin," i.e., has left me a mere skeleton. 23. Tuis, &c.-odoribus-"my hair is become white by the force of thy scented drugs," ie., by means of thy incantations. 24. Reclinat-"relieves," or "eases," lit. "unbends." 25. Neque est oud' σtiv, or oud OTIV -"nor is it allowed me." 26, Levare, &c.-praecordia-"to relieve by respiration my distended lungs." 27. Negatum (a me)-"what I once de nied.' 28. Sabella, &c.-naenia-"that Sabellian incantations disturb the breast, and that the head splits asunder by a Marsian song." The poet here applies to human beings what was thought, in the popular belief, to happen to snakes. Cp. Virg. Ecl. 8, 71; Ovid, Med. Fac. 39, Nec mediae Marsis finduntur cantibus angues; Am. ii. 1, 25; Met. vii. 203. The Sabellians and Marsi were famed for their skill in magic. Cp. Sat. i. 9, 29, and see Notes, Epode 5, 76. By the former are here meant the Sabines generally. See Notes, Ode iii. 6, 38. Naenia is used for "a charm," also by Ovid, Fast. vi. 142, and Ars Am. ii. 102. 31. Hercules-See Notes, Epode 3, 17. 33. Virens-"lurid," with reference to the colour of the sulphurous flames of the volcano. Lambinus takes it in the sense of "undying," and Peerlkamp "shining." Some MSS. also give furens, and others urens. Tu donec, &c.--Colchis-"a living laboratory, thou glowest against me with the magic drugs of Colchis, until I, become a dry cinder, shall be borne along by the insulting winds." See Notes, Ode ii. 13, 8. 42. Infamis, &c.-vicem-"Castor, offended at the treatment of the defamed Helen," by the poet Stesichorus, who, according to the story, was punished with blindness by sister. The bard, however, published a reCastor and Pollux, for lampooning their second half foot is a tribrach. For vicem, cantation, and was restored to sight. The several MSS. give vice, but it does not sound Notes, Epode 5, 87. well with prece, in the following line. See 45. Potes nam dúvaσa, yàg, is a usual to the gods. form of expression in prayers and addresses 46. O nec, &c.-sordibus-"O thou that art disgraced by no paternal stains!" This is a satirical negation of Canidia's unsullied parentage. "and art not 47. Nec, &c.-pulveres skilled, as a sorceress, in scattering the ninth-day ashes amid the tombs of the poor," i.e., and knowest not what it is to go, as a sorceress, amid the tombs of the poor, and scatter their ashes on the ninth day after interment, when, it would appear, they were deemed ripe for magic purposes. Sorceresses were compelled to have recourse to the tombs of the poor, since the sepulchres of the rich were protected against this profanation by watches. 48. Novendiales-Many, from the statement of Servius on Virg. Æn. v. 64, that corpses, among the Romans, were kept at home seven days, burnt on the eighth, and the ashes committed to the tomb on the ninth, consider novendiales pulveres to mean "newly-buried ashes," but though this statement might be true of the rich, it is most unlikely to have been so of the poor, who are the parties here referred to. Cp. Sat. 8, 9, 10. 49. Hospitale pectus-"a compassionate bosom." Purae" and hands unstained with guilt." The charge, therefore, that thou couldest steal a boy, and kill him with lingering hunger, as in Epode 5, must have been a gross calumny! 50. Tuusque venter Pactumeius (erat)· "and Pactumeius was thine own son," and not, as was insinuated, the stolen fruit of another's womb. Cp. Epode 5, 5. Venter -partus, or filius. For Pactumeius, some MSS. give Partumeius-"fruitful." 54. Non, &c.-salo-"the wintry main lashes not, with swelling surge, rocks more deaf to the cry of the naked mariners than I am to thine." See Notes, Epode 16, 55. 56. Inultus, &c-Cupidinis-"dost thou suppose that thou canst divulge and ridicule with impunity the mysteries of Cotytto, the rites of unbridled love?" Ut, as the infinitive, in Epode 8, 1, is frequently used at the commencement of an indignant question, or exclamation. Cp. Sat. ii. 5, 18. The ellipsis may be here supplied by egone patiar. Cotytto, or Cotys, was a Thracian goddess, whose rites were celebrated on the hills by night, and accompanied with impure and unrestrained indulgence. Canidia calls her own magic rites by the name of Cotyttia, because their object was to recall the affections of Varus. Cp. Epode 5. 58. Esquilini, &c.-meo?-"and, as if thou wert high-priest of the magic rites on the Esquiliæ, thou canst fill the city with my name unpunished," i.e., as if thou wert called to preside over the incantations and secret rites which we perform on the Esquiline hill amid the graves of the poor. See Notes, Epode 17, 41; 9, 3; and Sat. i. 8, 8. 60. Quid, &c.-toxicum-"of what advantage was it to me, to have enriched Pelignian sorceresses, or to have mixed a speedier potion?" i.e., what have I gained by having paid Pelignian sorceresses an extravagant sum for instruction in the magic art, or by having learned to mix a more potent draught of love? The Peligni were to the east of the Marsi, and, like them, famed for their skill in magic. See also Notes, Ode iii. 19, 8. 62. Sed tardiora, &c.— laboribus-"but a more lingering destiny than (lit. thy prayers) thou shalt demand awaits thee." A disagreeable life is to be prolonged to thee, with this sole view, that thou mayest continually be a subject for fresh tortures. 63. In this line the second half foot is a tribrach. 65. Tantalus, Prometheus, and Sisyphus are here cited as examples of never-ending punishment. In this line the third half foot is a dactyl. 67. Obligatus aliti-"consigned, as a punishment, to the vulture." 69. Sed vetant leges Jovis-The epic dignity of the passage is highly ridiculous from the lips of Canidia, as she is here depicted. 71. Ense-Norico-See Notes, Ode i. 16, 9. Recludere--"to open." Cp. Virg. Æn. x. 601. but this is supposed to have originated from 72. For nectes, many MSS. give innectes; the collocation of GUTTURINECTES. 73. Fastidiosa tristis aegrimonia—“ afflicted with a sorrow that loathes existence." 74. Vectabor, &c.-eques-"then, as a rider, shall I be borne on thy hostile shoulders," i.e., then I will triumph over thee, my bitterest foe. Vectabor eques humeris is a figurative allusion to the pride and insolence of a conqueror. So equitare, καθιππεύειν, and καθιππάζεσθαι, &c. In this line the second and fourth half feet are tribrachs. 75. Meaeque terra cedet insolentiae"and the earth shall give place to my haughty might," i.e., in the haughtiness of my power I will spurn the earth, and make thee bear me on thy shoulders through the regions of air. 76. An-"must I," refers to plorem, line 81. Quae, &c.—possim-"who can give animation to waxen images." Monstrous! Witches were accustomed to make small waxen images of the persons whom they intended to influence by their spells, and to pretend that through these they could actuate the originals according to their pleasure. Cp. Theocritus, ii. 28; Virg. Ecl. viii. 80; and Ovid, Her. vi. 91. 77. Ut ipse nosti curiosus-" as thou, inquisitive (or prying) creature, thyself knowest." 78. This line commences with a dactyl. 80. Desiderique temperare poculum—“and mix a draught of love." 81. Plorem, &c.-exitus-"must I lament the issue of my skill, as having no effect upon thee?" It is not likely! With nil 64. For laboribus, some MSS. give dolo- agentis, compare Sat. i. 9, 15; ii. 3, 103. ribus. For exitus, some MSS. give exitum. The Scansion is not exhibited in the Satires and the Epistles, as they are both in Hexameter verse. SATIRE I-On the disposition of men to contrast the disadvantages which they feel in their own situations, with the advantages which they conceive in those of others (μsμmagia), together with the folly of those who always wish a little more than they have in order to be happy. This is exposed in a fictitious dialogue between the poet and a miser, who fails to enjoy the present, under the pretext of making provision for an old age which he will never see. Addressed to Mæcenas, and supposed to have been written B.C. 35. 1. Qui (=quo modo), &c.-sequentes?"how happens it, Mæcenas, that no man lives contented with that lot, which either reflection may have given him, or chance have thrown in his way, and that every one praises those who follow pursuits that are entirely different from his own?" Sortem -See Notes, Epode 2, 37. 2. Ratio, which literally denotes reflection, is here equivalent to deliberate choice. 3. Laudet = μακαρίζει "pronounces happy." The ellipsis before the verb is not to be supplied by sed, but by et ut quisque. The affirmative is thus frequently implied in the negative. Cp. Cicero de Orat. ii. 14, Nemo extulit eum verbis, qui ita dixisset, ut qui adessent intelligerent, quid diceret, sed contempsit cum, qui minus id facere potuisset. 4. Gravis annis-"laden with years,' and therefore entitled to express his opinion; but as the years of a soldier's life, in those days, implied years of active service, the opinion is not favourable Cp. Virg. Æn. ix. 246, and ii. 435. For annis, Bouhier conjectures armis. 6. Mercator, progos, is to be distinguished from negotiator and propola. For navem, some MSS. give navim. 7. (Ait) militia est potior-"exclaims, a |