build another church at Littlehampton, in consequence of the present structure being in such a dilapidated condition, the arch of the east end having given way, rendering that part unsafe. The present building was erected in 1820, on the site of the old church, all traces of which have been removed, and no records appear to have been kept. It is supposed it must have been a building of exceptional architectural beauty, of ancient date, and at the time it was pulled down in a good state of preservation. Can any of your readers furnish me with information respecting the same? CHURCHMAN. BISHOP KEN'S PRESENTS OF BOOKS.-Hawkins states that Ken supplied his clergy with a store of necessary books for the instruction of poor children. Are there any records of such gifts; and do any of the books remain ? E. H. PLUMPTRE, Dean of Wells. 7, Fortfield Terrace, Sidmouth. BRUDENELL ATKINSON.-Can any one kindly give me information as to the family of William Brudenell Atkinson, who died at Colchester 1780, and was buried at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, London? Pedigree or facts showing connexion of the Atkinsons with the Brudenells (Earls of Cardigan, &c.) and the parish of the Atkinsons would greatly oblige. E. LATOUR. BEEHIVE HOUSES. (See 7th S. iv. 203.)-The reference in MR. ADDY'S communication-To go through the Chatterhouse'-to huts of a beehive shape is very interesting, and I should be glad to learn from other correspondents whether they know of such huts being still constructed, either for storage or for occupation, and in what parts of the country. On the wooded slopes of the North Downs of Surrey such huts may still be found in secluded places, turfed over, and shaped like an elongated beehive, or like the covered heaps in which roots are stored on farms. In one particular spot such a house or wigwam is occupied all through the year by a family of charcoal-burners, who have banked its turf sides with much care, and fitted it with a "practicable" door and window. Their settlement-with its kitchen on the leeward side of a movable sheet of iron, its tripod kettle, its larder in a tree, and the signs everywhere of their occupation of wood cutters and burners-remind one of a clearing in Canada or the Western states, but is doubly interesting in that these people are the last descendants (in labour, that is, not in blood) of those charcoal-burners who once peopled the Weald of Sussex and Surrey. I have also always regarded their dwellings as a last survival of a construction and shape which seems to have come down from a very early, and yet in some respects a fairly advanced civilization. W. C. JACKSON. " WORKHOUSES.-One of Ken's projects for the good of the poor of Wells was that of setting up a "workhouse," where they would find employment at better wages than the tradesmen of the town gave them. Are there any like instances of the establishment of such a workhouse" on philanthropic principles? Defoe mentions them as one of the humanitarian schemes of the time, and, if I remember rightly, condemns them on economic grounds. E. H. PLUMPTRE, Dean of Wells. 7, Fortfield Terrace, Sidmouth. Replies. ALLEGED CANNIBALISM OF SOLDIERS. This aspersion upon the military profession seems to be of greater antiquity that any date hitherto ascribed to it by your correspondents. A note to Sir Walter Scott's novel of Woodstock' (it is useless to refer to volumes and pages where there are so many variously arranged editions, and I have forgotten the chapter) informs us that the Cavalier levies during the great civil war, 1642-7, were debited with the atrocity. The note is to an episode, or rather an anecdote, narrated about the middle of the work. The dissolute and reckless Wildrake tells a story about the skirmish in Brentford High Street, where the cavalry, designated, after their raiser, Sir Thomas Lunsford's Light Horse, in allusion to the common rumour, shout out in derision to the villagers, "Come; have you any fat babies for our breakfast?" and an old woman, taking the narrator at his word, brings out a plump baby boy and proffers him for a meal. The trooper, not unnaturally, hesitates at the hilarious and derisive cry being thus taken au pied de la lettre, and the woman essays to remove his apparent scruples by informing him that the brat is a parish nurse-child, and that his board has just been paid for half a year in advance. Wildrake good-naturedly accepts the present, places the foundling on the pommel of his saddle, and carries him safely out of the melée, adopting and rearing the infant, and renaming the steed ridden by the kind-hearted Cavalier "Breakfast," in memory of the episode. The note referring to this incident advances the notorious demagogue John Lilburne as imputing to the Royalist colonel of light horse, Sir Thomas Lunsford, "that his favourite food was the flesh of children," and in a pamphlet published by the same unscrupulous republican, he (Sir Thomas) is "painted like an ogre, in the act of cutting a child into steaks and broiling them." This horrible appetite was, we are told by the libeller, shared by the troopers under Lunsford's command. That belief in this propensity to so revolting an indulgence among a certain section of the Royalist soldiery was prevalent, or assumed to be prevalent, after the Restoration seems proved by its appearance on the stage, it being alluded to as a recognized habit among the King's warriors during the civil war just closed, in a comedy referred to in the note, and there is also an allusion to it in Butler's Hudibras' (but I cannot give a reference), where the words "runs for 't" are made to rhyme with the last feet of the line, about children "flying for their lives from Lunsford," or 666 Bloody bones' or Lunsford," or something like that. It is certain that Lunsford's Light Horse were nicknamed "the babe eaters" during the civil wars. Lunsford was killed at the siege of Bristol in 1643, and in a contemporaneous doggerel ballad, composed on the subject of his death, we find the lines: The post who came from Coventry, Did tidings tell how Lunsford fell A child's hand in his pocket. The italics are my own. Somehow this versification, somewhat fantastically perhaps, reminds me of Macaulay's verse in 'Naseby'-I quote from memory: Then as we scour the plain, and ere we strip the slain, The token of the wanton and the plunder of the poor. The noble poet, we know, was a great reader of ballads and of popular rhymes, contemporaneous with the subject immediately under treatment especially. Is it "to consider too curiously" to conjecture that the vulgar and denunciatory elegy on the cavalier colonel suggested the rhyme in the third line of the stanza I have quoted? NEMO. Temple. NURSERY RHYME (7th S. iv. 166, 286).-The rhyme quoted by your correspondent is not, as he supposes, a Druidical incantation, but simply a corruption of the old Celtic numerals. Ten years ago I found these numerals still used in Yorkshire by shepherds for scoring sheep and by old women for counting the stitches in their knitting. I discussed them at considerable length in several letters which appeared in the Athenæum in September and October, 1877, and they were after Rocket-Rochet-I hazard this - the horseman's wards made the subject of a paper by Mr. A. J. Ellis, printed in the Transactions of the Philological Society for 1878, pp. 316–372. Upwards of fifty variant versions have been discovered in various parts of England. That given by O. H. M., which should run, Eena, mena, mona, nite, Pisca, lara, bara, bite, is, as he conjectures, of Cornish origin. This is shown by the form pisca, which is derived from the Cornish peswar, four, and cannot be obtained either from the Welsh or Gaelic forms of this numeral. The Cornish naw, nine, has become successively nautha, navera, dobera, and debara, from which last the bara of the rhyme (incorrectly given by O. H. M. as bona) is derived. In like manner the Cornish seith, seven, has become slaata, slater, lather, lattera, and lara. Hardly any change has been effected in eena, which is the Cornish un, one, pronounced een. The other version given, which is well known among the street children of London, runsEena, deena, dina, duss, Catala, weena, wina, wuss. This is not of Cornish, but of Gaelic origin, as is shown by the form catala, which is the Irish cetheora, four, while wuss is a corruption of the Irish deich (or desh), ten. This version probably originated among the Irish children of the London streets. O. H. M. will find a most interesting series of analogues to the rhyme he quotes (and a theory of the source from which they are derived) in the appendix to a paper in the Transactions of the Philological Society, 1877-9, pp. 316-372, by Mr. A. J. Ellis, entitled 'The Anglo-Cymric Score.' A rhyme practically identical with that given by your correspondent appears in class K, "Countings-Out," being numbered K 10, and is stated to be also two papers by Rev. T. Ellwood, of Torve, in American," whatever that word may mean. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Archæological Society, iii. 381, 385. Q. V. 66 See [Some analogues have been sent by contributors.] CARGO (7th S. iv. 9, 178).—Two correspondents cloak or mantle, the colour of the royal livery being (one of them SIR EDGAR MCCULLOCH) have replied scarlet. to my inquiry concerning the interjectional use of this word. They agree in the plausible suggestion that it is the Spanish carrajo, "pronounced with a strong guttural," a word of indecent import, constantly employed as an exclamation by people of the lower orders at the present day. If it could be shown that this use was equally common three centuries back, there would be no difficulty in assuming that it found its way to England. But as to this I have no evidence. I cannot find the word at all in such Spanish dictionaries as I am able to consult. Can any one supply the missing link of information? For instance, Is the word so used in 'Don Quixote,' a very likely place in which to find it? Ben Jonson's "caitiue calumnious cargos remains still unexplained. C. B. MOUNT. 14, Norham Road, Oxford. an ordinary thing (if we may believe Skenck, 1. 6 de If NORRIS C. will turn to Grove's 'Dictionary of Music and Musicians,' he will find the information he desires about the tarantella and references to authorities too numerous to quote here. JULIAN MARSHALL. NORRIS C. may be interested to know that »Athanasius Kircherus, in his 'Musurgia Universalis' (Romæ, 1650), lib. ix. pars. ii. cap. iv. and v., treats at some length on music as a remedy for the bite of the tarantula. Possibly this may be the account referred to in Playford's 'Skill of Musick.' H. G. ALDIS. MORUE: CABILLAUD (7th S. iii. 48, 214, 377, 454; iv. 78, 278).—It was a waste of врасе for your correspondent to "reaffirm that Ital. merluzzo has no etymological connexion with the Fr. morue," for, though they undoubtedly designate the same article, since CELER ET AUDAX* and he affirmed the two words had no connexion no one has disThat he should make an puted the assertion. opportunity for announcing that he had satisfied himself of the justice of his statement that cod is not found in the Mediterranean was perhaps natural," although no one had disputed that either. Most people will agree, however, that this is no reason why he should fancy, as he implies, that Italians can never mention fresh cod! I venture, therefore," to reaffirm " that they do when occasion arises, and by the name of merluzzo. That they call hake by the same name cannot show that "they have no term for cod"! As well say they have no term for "nephew" or for "grandson," because they call both nepote. I am not one of those who on every occasion invoke dictionaries or the Court of Highest Appeal, because I know they are often at variance with local speech; but the instance of merluzzo cod happens to be just one in which I have found dictionaries and local speech correspond. Mr. G. Dennis, in Murray's 'Sicily,' says that there even whiting enjoys the name of merluzzo. R. H. BUSK. TARANTELLE (7th S. iv. 230).—Burton, in the 'Anatomy of Melancholy' (pt. i. sec. 2, mem. 4, subs. 7), has the following amongst "Other Accidents and Grievances ": "Many such accidents frequently happen upon these unknown occasions. Some are so caused by philters, wandring in the sun, biting of a mad dog, a blow on the head, stinging with that kind of spider called tarantula— It is a noteworthy outcome of local custom that, as Littré tells us, the name merluche is given to poissons du genre gade and to morue, in particular after they are sundried, whereas merluzzo, which, as CELER ET AUDAX points out, has more affinity of sound with it than with morue, is only given to undried cod. Edinburgh. Such an instance as the query asks for is the following account. Alexander ab Alexandro (A.D. 1461-1523), in his 'Geniales Dies,' 1. ii. he was travelling through Apulia, in the height of c. xvii., fol. 81, Hanov., 1610) observes that when summer, undique oppida et vicos, alia tympanis, nonnulla fistulis, pleraque tibicine circumsonantia audisse, cujus rei causam quærentibus nobis relatum est, tarantulæ morbo affectos undique per oppida curari.” There is more to the same effect. ED. MARSHALL. CURSHAM (7th S. iv. 268).—I believe this lady died, at an advanced age, at 1, North Bank, I think she was Derby, December 17, 1881. married, but her married name I do not know. It is not unlikely that she was born at or connected R. F. S. with Mansfield, Notts. A relative of mine, who formerly lived at Sutton, Notts, was a very near neighbour of Miss Cursham, but did not know her sufficiently to supply biographical particulars. She tells me, however, that there are several nephews and nieces of that lady still living, and that the information required would probably be obtained by applying to Arthur Cursham, Esq., solicitor, Mansfield. ROBERT HOLLAND. GEORGE BARNARD (7th S. iv. 308).-George Barnard exhibited seventy-eight works at the principal London exhibitions from 1832 to 1877. In 1832 he lived at 2, South Crescent, Bedford Square, and, after several changes of address, he is last heard of at 8, Harrington Square. Two drawings of Folkestone were exhibited by him at Suffolk Street in 1835. In the same year he did a drawing of Dover. Most of his views were from places in Great Britain and Switzerland. 6, Pall Mall, ALGERNON Graves. England again for a year before the death of Stephen, and then it seems likely that Geoffrey was born. After Queen Eleanor's arrival in England she retired to Godstow. May I be allowed to refer MR. VYVYAN to a paper on "The Rose of Cannington" in my 'Myths, Scenes, and Worthies of Somerset'? It is impossible to arrive at any absolute certainty with regard to the life of Fair carefully destroyed all papers likely to prove his Rosamond, as it is highly probable that Henry marriage, yet he is believed to have contemplated Joan) Clifford as his wife, and declaring William repudiating Eleanor, owning Rosamond (or rather Longespée his true heir. St. Saviour's, Southwark, CHARLOTTE G. BOGER. "Fair Rosamond" had two sons by Henry II., (1) William Longespée, the well-known Earl of Salisbury; and (2) Geoffrey Plantagenet. This Gooffrey was born about the year 1158. He was elected Bishop of Lincoln in 1173. Finding the ROSAMOND CLIFFORD (7th S. iv. 248).-Henry tendency of his inclinations was more towards a II. had two sons by "Fair Rosamond"-William, military than a clerical career, he voluntarily resurnamed Long-sword, who married the daughter resigned his bishopric in 1182. He had a short and heiress of William, Earl of Salisbury, and, as time previously been made Chancellor of England. Lingard says, "succeeded to the estates and titles In 1191 he was advanced to the Archbishopric of of that powerful nobleman," and Geoffrey, who York, but the latter part of his life was clouded was named to the bishopric of Lincoln" in his with disaster. He opposed the purposes of King twentieth year, but, refusing to take orders at the John (his half-brother), who thereupon made command of the Pope, relinquished it for a mili-seizure of his whole estate, and he was compelled tary career. I can find no account of the date of Rosamond's birth. EDMUND TEW, M.A. P.S.-M. Paris speaks of both these brothers, but says nothing as to who their mother was. As to William Long-sword, I would refer your correspondent to a former number of 'N. & Q.' It has often struck me as a matter of doubt whether Rosamond had not been married to Henry in some clandestine way, and therefore did not consider herself his lawful wife. Tennyson, if I do not mistake him, in his play of 'Becket,' seems to lean to this opinion. It may have been a case similar to that of Leicester and poor Amy Rob sart. Rosamond Clifford was probably of the same age as her faithless lover (if not husband), Henry Plantagenet. If so, she was born in 1132. She is believed to have had two sons-William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, and Geoffrey, Archbishop of York. It is likely enough that Henry II. and Fair Rosamond were known to each other as children, when the former, a boy under the charge of his uncle Robert FitzRoy, Earl of Gloucester, used at times to visit among the families of the nobles of Somerset. It seems likely that they were privately married when, at the age of sixteen, Henry came to England to be knighted by his great-uncle David, King of Scotland, during which period William Longespée was born. He visited to retire privately from England in order to avoid the royal resentment. In this exile he continued nearly seven years, and at last died at Gromont, in Normandy, on December 18, 1213. Further particulars respecting this son of Henry II. may be found in Archæologia,' vol. xxi. p. 31, and Foss's 'Judges of England,' ed. 1870, p. 515. High Street, Portsmouth. ALF. T. EVERITT. (7th S. iv. 208).-May I refer MR. FOSTER to my IS BADBURY RINGS (DORSET) MONS BADONICUS? own note in 'N. & Q.' for December 12, 1885 (6th S. xii. 461)? I presume he is aware that most of the earlier writers identify Mons Badonicus with Bath-a most unlikely locality, as Cerdic does not appear to have pushed his conquests or enterprises nearly so far to the west. Sir George Airy (late Astronomer Royal) wrote a letter in the Athenæum of October 17, 1885, advocating the view (on the ground of its great strategical suitability) that Badbury Rings in Dorsetshire was the true site of the battle where the Saxon advance is stated to have received a severe check. Dr. Guest (to whom your correspondent refers) had suggested this locality so long ago as 1849. Even Carte had noticed the improbability that it could have been in the neighbourhood of Bath, and suggested a place in Berkshire. There is also a Badbury in Wiltshire, between Swindon and Marlborough, which has been suggested; but a consideration of all the circumstances, as set forth by Sir G. Airy, seem to me to be very strongly in favour of Badbury Rings in Dorsetshire as the true Mons Badonicus of Gildas. Prof. Sayce indeed, in a letter to the Athenæum of October 31, 1885, makes two totally different suggestions-the first, that the battle in question was one which occurred in a war waged by some of the Welsh princes amongst themselves near some place in Monmouthshire, which may formerly have borne the name of Badon; the second, that its real date may have been much later than that usually supposed (A.D. 520), and that it was, in fact, a battle fought at Pen (in the modern county of Somerset) by the king of Wessex against the Britons of Devonshire and Cornwall, when the latter were driven beyond the Parret. But perhaps I may be allowed to quote my own words in the note above referred to, and repeat that PEPPER ALLEY (7th S. iv. 88, 191).-Pepper Alley and Pepper Street, as names of low parts of towns and villages, are quite common all over England, and are given because of the hot or "rather than convert what is evidently claimed by "peppery" nature of the inhabitants thereof. The the British historian as a decisive victory by his country-dwellers in places bearing these names often resent men over the Saxon invaders into a battle in a civil war by the Britons or Welsh against each other, or into a victory by the Saxons over the Britons, it would be better to say at once that we know nothing at all about it." As to the distinction drawn by Prof. Sayce in a previous letter published in the Athenæum of October 24, that Mons Badonicus signifies not "Mount Badon," but "the hill belonging to Badon," and that "Badon must be the name of either a river, a city, or a district, more probably of the last," there is no reason why Badbury Rings may not then have been situated in a district bearing that name. Indeed, the situation, a few miles from the valley of a river (the Stour), would seem to point to the probability of this. Blackheath, W. T. LYNN. [MR. E. H. MARSHALL says that Dr. Guest's supposition is supported by the great authority of Dr. E. A. Freeman (Old English History,' p. 36). H. S. states that the editors of the third edition of Hutchins's 'History of Dorset' quote without comment a portion of Dr. Guest's article, and therefore presumably agree with it. He continues that the late Charles Warne, in his 'Ancient Dorset,' admits the ingenuity of Dr. Guest's suggestion, but does not accept it, and differs from Dr. Guest as to the origin of the name Badbury, which he asserts has no reference to baths. MR. A. HALL considers it impossible to identify fully Mons Badonicus. MRS. CHARLOTTE G. BOGER says the point is debatable, but modern research points to Badbury Rings as Mons Badonicus.] CHAFTS (7th S. iv. 246).—I noted four instances of this word in Matthew's Bible, 1537, when I read it through, viz., in Psalm lvii. (=lviii. in modern version), Job xxix. and xl., and Proverbs xxx. On referring to Coverdale, I found these passages all had "chafts there ; also in Beck's Bible, 1549. In the Great Bible, May, 1541, "chaws" the application of them to their particular localities, position to Salisbury Plain, he used the term for Leigh, Lancashire. What's WM. NORBURY. SPELMAN 'ON SACRILEGE' (7th S. iv. 324).— Since my former communication upon this work I have had an opportunity of consulting the edition of 1853, in which the editors have inserted the letter of Sir Simon Degge at pp. 263-5. They observe that this letter is "in the first edition, but omitted from the second and third." W. E. BUCKLEY. GOETHE AND THE NOTE OF SADNESS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE (7th S. iv. 267).—MR. TOMLINSON will find the lines beginning "To griefs congenial prone," &c., in Thomas Warton's ode Suicide.' The lines beginning "Then old age and experience" may be found in a poem by John The * A person would be perfectly well understood if he used this parallel sentence: "You will find bad language would understand that the sentence was confined to in Belgrave Square as well as in Billingsgate." None these specific localities, but would at once see that they were employed as typical places. |