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Virgil speaks of the fish-haunted river Po,

Piscosove amne Padusæ (E. xi, 457)

but the epithet is a fruit of metre, not of experience. He breathes a fresher air and is filled with wild flowers. Surely the author of Alexis must be an angler? Does he not know the very feel of the bank, beyond which they are playing, the swish of the sedge, which lets one down?

Propter aquæ rivum viridi procumbit in ulva.

(E. viii, 87).

One feels in fifty passages how near he is to the paradise of anglers, but alas! he remains always just outside, as he does from another Paradise. Lucretius is far too nakedly intellectual of course, for the peck of a float and the rustle of a line to interest him. He would have written with his geological mind-a superb monograph upon the fossil fishes in the British Museum: but one pines for Virgil at Gulliver's Hole by the banks of the Parret.

Of all, the Latin poets-silverlings included-Ovid must bear the bell. Take the following piece of advice, does it not shew that the author knew the double-edged uncertainty of the craft? That if hopes were

dupes, fears may be liars? speaks here.

No layman

Casus ubique valet; semper tibi pendeat hamus
Quo minime credis gurgite piscis erit.

How true too in ring is Glaucus' description of himself in his earlier state!

Ante tamen mortalis eram: sed scilicet altis
Deditus æquoribus, jam tum exercebar in illis
Nam modo ducebam ducentia retia pisces
Nunc in mole sedens moderabar arundine linum.
Sunt irridi prato confinia litora, quorum
Altera pars undis, pars altera cingitur herbis ;
Quas neque cornigera morsu læsere iuvenca,
Nec placida carpsistis oves, hirtave capella
Non apis inde tulit collectos sedula flores
Non data sunt capiti genialia serta; nec unquam
Faciferæ secuere manus. Ego primus in illo
Caspite consedi, dum lina madentia sicco.
Utque recenserem captivos ordine pisces;
Insuper exposui, quos aut in retia casus
Aut sua credulitas in aduncos egerat hamos.
Metam. xiii, 919.

Vertumnus, be it noticed, in the next book woos Pomona with sword and rod, not with sword and net.

Miles erat gladio, piscator arundine sumpta (651).

It was a god too, who told a plain fishing tale to insolent Pentheus (in the III book, 581).

Patria Maonia est, humili de plebe parentes
Non mihi quæ duri colerent, pater arva iuvenci
Lanigerosve greges, non ulla armenta reliquit,
Pauper et ipse fuit: linoque solebat et hamis
Decipere et calamo salientes ducere pisces.
Ars illi sua census erat. Quum traderet artem ;
Accipe quas habeo, studii successor et heres,
Dixit opes: moriensque mihi nihil ille relinquit
Præter aquas.

Here again we have the unmistakable angling hand. If further proof were wanted the Halieuticon would provide it.

This

disgracefully neglected piece calls for comment from the Marine Biological Institute at Plymouth and must be recommended to them for luminous explanations of the words scombri, boves, hippures, milvi, cercyros, cantharus, orphas, erythinus, sargus, sparulus and all their company. If we may wander from the rivers so far, it is instructive to compare at mugil cauda pendentem everberat escam excussamque legit, with this from the Badminton Library: "The bright looking baits (macaroni) soon attract a goodly congregation of fish, which inspect them, smell them, touch them with their sensitive lips, deliberate upon them and apparently come to the decision that they are most excellent food for mullet, but dangerous. Pre

sently a big, old fellow will whisk smartly round and deliver a stroke with his tail which knocks off the bait; a friend below opens his wide lips and the bait disappears. The other baits are knocked off in the same contemptuous way and eaten."-Modern Sea fishing, 329.

And this which follows:

Lupus acri concitus ira

Discursu fertur vario, fluctusque ferentes Prosequitur, quassatque caput, dum vulnere sævus Laxato cadat hamus et ora patentia linquat.

reminds the pike-fisher of his own experience yesterday, though lupus is brother Bass. Take this from the Pontus letters (ii. 7.)

Qui semel est læsus fallaci piscis ab hamo
Omnibus unca cibis aera subesse putat.

But here my old friend Karteros intervenes with a plea for Ausonius and cites the Idyllia X. The poet certainly know much about sweet-water fishes, but one eye is ever upon the frying pan, otherwise we grant that he would elbow out poor Ovid.

Nec te puniceo rutilantem viscera salmo
Transierim, latæ cuius vaga verbera cauda
Gurgite de medio summas referantur in undas
Occultus placido quum proditur æquore pulsus.

H

splendid, of course, but the great point lies in line 102-dubiæ facturus fercula cænæ. His perches are delicacies which rival red mullets, his pike, rank eating, his tench, solatia vulgi, his bleak and shad and gudgeon have gustatory notes. His sturgeon he considers to be a dolphin and yet-yet how real are these lines (247.)

Ille autem scopulis sabjectas pronus in undas
Inclinat lenta convexa cacumina virgæ,
Indutos escis iaciens lethalibus hamos.

Quos ignara doli postquam vaga turba natantum
Rictibus invasit, patulæ per intima fauces
Sera occulti senserunt vulnera ferri

Dum trepidant, subit indicium, crispoque tremori
Vibrantis setæ nutans consentit arundo.

Nec mora, et excussam stridenti verbere prædam
Dextera in obliquum raptat puer. Excipit ictum
Spiritus, ut fractis quondam per inane flagellis
Aura crepat motuque assibilet aere ventus.
Exultant ude super arida saxa rapinæ
Luciferique pavent letalia tela diei.

Let us in charity suppose that Ausonius was the true artist, and that his culinary and housewifely asides were to propitiate his unangling public, just as the astronomer might parry the taunts of the vulgar, directed against his moongazing, by reminding them that his art helped to steer ships and thus

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