matter how many of them may be killed in accidents, or through the use of cheap or defective machines, there are always a score of others to take their places.

Besides, Bob says the working people THINK they are free, so the capitalists do not have to follow the example of the Kings and oppose "Liberty." They simply scream "Freedom" from the housetops on all possible occasions and the armies of slaves go back to work with their heads filled with sawdust.

Bob says if he were a king he would go into business, abdicate the throne, lay down his scepter and talk Liberty to his subjects. Then he would give them jobs in the factory and when they made ten dollars' worth of cloth, he would pay them $2.00 (or just enough to live on in that king's country) and the "Glorious, Free Afghanistan Citizen" would put the new boss upon a pedestal and paint a mental halo around his head.

As Bob says, "the owner of a factory could sure put their majesties on to easier and far better paying jobs." He thinks kinging is "crude and antiquated at this stage of the game."

Take Mrs. Van Kleeck for an example. I guess this is the first time anybody ever hinted that she was not a public benefactor. Kings are generally considered tyrants, but Van Kleecks are regarded as the cream of the earth, and Bob says men who would balk at an emperor do a lot of side-stepping for the sake of "standing in" with the boss.

But speaking of Mrs. Van Kleeck-she scarcely knew how to dress her own hair. Many times I have heard her boasting to her maid, Antoinette, of the things she couldn't do. In fact, I believe there is nothing useful in the world she knew anything about, and as for running a railroad-she does not even know what dividends "her" road pays. She has so much money that she does not know how much she is worth. She can speak French, of course, and German, a little, and Spanish and Italian, I believe, but she has nothing clever to say in any one of them.

When I went to work at the office of the Charity Organization Society, the first thing I noticed was a great sign placed over the door through which the "applicants" are obliged to pass when they want to ask for help. It reads this way: "ALL THINGS COME TO THOSE WHO WORK.” I thought of Mrs. Van Kleeck and I laughed inwardly for many days whenever I saw that sign.

Mr. and Mrs. Van Kleeck and the friends in their set were liberal givers to all the charity organizations, and scarcely a

day passed that an employee from the Van Kleeck stores or factory did not apply to one of the organizations for help of some kind. Five dollars a week was the average wage paid to clerks, and you can't make that amount stretch over seven days, try as you may. Besides, the girls are required to dress well and the shabby girl will not be kept long. When a girl is trying to support her mother, or her brother and sisters on five or six dollars a week, she is pretty certain to need aid from somebody very soon. So the Emporium came to be known as The School for Scandal and many of the girls were forced to add to this pittance in another way.

It was unbearably humiliating applying at the charity societies and if you needed a new and decent waist to wear at the new job at Van Kleeck's in the morning it would be a be dead of starvation before the "Scientific" Investigators got pretty safe bet to lay on the fact that the whole family would down to a working basis. Or they might present you with an antediluvian waist that The School for Scandal wouldn't employ at the wrapping counter.

They will tell you, at the charity organizations, that Hollister Van Kleeck, Jr., gave a thousand dollars one year to The Home for Delinquent Females and that Mrs. Van Kleeck became so much interested in the work of checking the social evil that she put up enough money to publish a book on the subject written by one of the "Charity experts."

There was not, however, any mention made in this book of The School for Scandal; nor was there in it anywhere a hint of a real cure for the disease.

The Right Reverend Doctor Squab tells us that religion will remove the cause; that when the heart is "purified" women will no longer "desire to sell themselves!" As though any man or any woman ever wished to sell themselves-in any way!

The purpose of Scientific Charity is to provide the members of a family with work paying enough to enable them to live, and if a hundred thousand men or women in any of our large cities should stop work to-morrow, there would be more men and women than would be needed applying to fill those positions the next day. When there are two girls for every job, you can't get jobs for all of us. So it is impossible for the most "scientific" Charity organizations to be "scientific" much of the time.

When a "Scientific" Investigator had Kate Miller's case in hand, Katy was working at the ribbon counter in the Van Kleeck downtown retail store. She was trying to support her mother and herself on five dollars a week, when one of

the buyers took a fancy to her. He paid the room rent and bought her a new dress before he went to New York. Things got worse for Katy after that, instead of better, till the "Scientific" Investigator got hold of her. She lectured Kate and advised her to get a room with some family that would permit her to work at night for her board. Then she brought some sewing for Mrs. Miller, which she was unable to do, with her hands all pinched up from rheumatism. Katy would not go out to work evenings, because she knew somebody had to be home to look after her mother, but they moved into a cheaper room, which the Investigator found and which was so far away from the store that Katy had to pay car fare to the store or walk four miles night and morning.

Then the Investigator fussed with Katy for a while and wanted her to put her mother in The Old Folks' Home, where Katy could support her comfortably by paying only a dollar a week. Katy finally consented, but the Investigator found that Mrs. Miller was six months below the required sixty-five years of age, or not an American-born, or that she was a Catholic, or there was no vacancy or some other unconquerable obstacle-it may have been she had not been a resident of the state over ten years-I can't remember what it was; anyway they found Katy would have to go on supporting her mother the same as ever.

About that time the Investigator got busy on another case, but she did not neglect the Miller family. She sent down a bag of beans and some salt pork, and called around to see how they were doing about two weeks later.

In the meantime the new landlady insisted on having the room rent when it came due. Katy kept right on in the new way till Mrs. Deneen gave them notice and then she made up her mind there was nothing in reforming.

The Investigator was disgusted when the neighbors told her about the Millers and the Society gave Katy up as a bad lot and marked "Very immoral; don't seem to want to do right; UNDESERVING" after her name on the books. It would have done Katy no good to apply there for help after that.

What the Van Kleecks and their friends gave to the charity societies was not a drop in the bucket to what their own employes were actually in need of, but it enabled the management to turn the applicant over to the organizations. Besides, giving to charity is the best possible sort of an advertisement. MARY E. MARCY.

(To be continued.)

The Failure to Attain Socialist Unity.

HE unity of the Socialist movement should undoubtedly have been attained in 1901. Failure to secure the desired end by all of the then existing factions was due to a wrong position taken by some comrades, who will now pretty generally admit their error. There is no doubt, of course, that selfish conceit had no small part to play in the matter. The error was that each element in the Socialist movement of a nation should have a separate organization and oppose one another openly before the working class. This position, long felt to be wrong by those of the Socialist Labor Party who were active in the I. W. W., has finally been officially surrendered by that party. But every argument which can be massed for unity to-day. was just as weighty in 1901.

The tactical position of the S. L. P. on the political field, since the convention of 1900, has been correct. This I have never heard disputed by members of the Socialist Party whose opinions carry weight among the thoughtful and wellinformed. Whatever may be required by the peculiar exigencies of the movement in the various European countries, in America the revolutionary argument cannot safely be diluted by even a thimble full of compromise. I shall not take time to go over arguments pro and con which have been printed in the "Review" thirty-nine times. Why then the egregious failure of the Socialist Labor Party in its efforts to build up an organization?

It failed, first, because it attempted to sever the veteran revolutionary element from the forces which were developing to that position. Nor is this all. It strove to draw about itself the veil of absolute sanctity. It was supposed by certain of its leaders to have attained what the Salvation Army calls "Holiness"; therefore it durst not hold conversation with the unclean; therefore it refused to so far trust the working class' mind as to risk its fundamentally correct principles in the rough and tumble of a united movement. The scientific truths at the bottom of the revolutionary up-sweep were made over into the mumbled litany of a sectarian clique. And thus Truth lost its beauty and saving power.

The S. L. P. failed, second, because of its wrong methods of propaganda and education. Men and women who will

develop into revolutionists worth while to the movement are sure to demand respect and decent treatment from their teachers while they are learning. This consideration the honest utopians and reformers in the movement (and all of us were such) have never received from the "People," by which the work of the S. L. P. is ever judged. There may be countries (parts of South America, perhaps) where political revolu、 tions are furthered by going after recruits with a sugar-cane knife. But so far as I have been enabled to experience, the proletariat of North America is more impressed by other and more elevated methods of propaganda.

The pity of it all is that the revolutionary argument itself has often and wrongfully been made to bear the brunt of the opposition to wrong methods. Economic science and larger political forces should be considered apart from the manners of an individual or the peculiar methods of a group who are setting forth weighty arguments. And the revolutionary standpoint has suffered most severely in America because of the blunders, conceit and malignity of some who have stood as its chief exponents before the public. This stigma must be removed. Its advocates must henceforth be most guarded in statement and accurately just in their estimates of those comrades who differ with them. Nine-tenths of the unclearness in the American movement has been due to mud-spattering.

The Parable of the Field.

Once upon a time a party of working people were mak ing their way west to the free lands which there waited them. After much wandering they came to a great field which had been allotted them. The party included the wise and the foolish, the strong and the weak, the just and the unjust. The field before them contained forest and swamp, gentle plain and rocky hillside. The people fell to arguing as to how the land might best be reclaimed and homes built.

Now the argument was all well enough. In fact, it was most necessary. The party contained no all-wise prophet. By quiet discussion, only, could they resolve upon a plan and proceed with their labors. Fro the season was already far advanced.

Unfortunately the party became divided. The smaller group, whose councils were undoubtedly the wisest, laid hold of a high, dry parcel of land and tilled intensely. This group contained quite a number of strong, enthusiastic men, a quack doctor with a retinue of servants, a lady of the sewing circle and a couple of half-witted fellows-perhaps a dozen in all.