APPENDIX.

Appendix to page 1.

THE same arms, 'within a bordure, argent' were borne by the family of Terrick, of whom was Terrick, Bishop of London,' translated there from Peterborough in 1764. He died in 1777. He had two daughters: Elizabeth, wife of the first Lord Harrowby, and Anne, wife of Dr. Anthony Hamilton, Rector of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. Mrs. Terrick naè Staniforth, died in 1791. On her husband's tomb in Fulham churchyard, lately restored by her grandson, Terrick Hamilton, Esq., are carved the three lapwings, with the arms of the see.

Mr. Pulman, the late Clarencieux, stated from the Herald's Visitations of Staffordshire, temp. Car. II., that the Terricks then seated at Clayton Giffard, in that county, bore the same arms as Tyrwhitt, but 'on a bordure, or.'

Randle Holme, in his "Academy of Armoury and Blazon," vol. II., page 404, published in 1688, says, "The Terwites of Shropshire, now called Terrick, had the same crest as Tyrwhitt," described it as a wild, or hairy woodman proper, with oak leaves about his temples and middle, with a dead tree plucked up by the root on his shoulder. Sir Vincent Corbet, Bart., of Acton Reynald, and Moreton Corbet, in that county, is lineally descended from Sir Richard Corbet and Jane Tirwitt his wife, daughter and heir of Bartholomew Tirwitt or Turet, of Moreton Tirwitt (now Corbet), co. Salop, semble temp. King John, Harl. MSS., 1157, page 44, Corbet Pedigree.

The grandson of this Sir Richard and Jane died 29 Ed. I,, See Corbet Pedigree Harleian MSS., No. 1157.

A.D. 1300.

The widely-spread and powerful Saxon family of Turwert flourished between A.D. 800 and 1066, under the various spellings of Turuet, Turwet, Turwert, Turwest, Turet, Thuret, Tured, Toret, Thoret, &c., as appears from the monastic charters of that period, and subsequently

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1 In Walpole's 'Last Journal,' edited by Doran, vol. i., 227–375, 2nd ed. 97, he is plentifully abused, but is described by Dr. Alexander Carlyle, of the Church of Scotland, in his 'History of His Own Time,' 2nd edition, 517, as a truly excellent man, of liberal mind and excellent temper, obliging and hospitable, a famous preacher, and "the best reader of prayers he ever heard," (A.D. 1769). Shall we believe the bitter politician, or the poor but able Presbyterian minister? 2 See Sir Henry Ellis's Index of Persons holding lands tempore Regis Edwardi,' before the 'Domesday Survey,' also Domesday,' York, 330, b. Lincoln, 342.

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in the Domesday survey of the shires of Lincoln, York, Nottingham, Derby, Salop, Sussex, &c. Of the principal branch was its last representative, the above Sir Bartholomew Turet or Tirwitt, of Wighill, by Tadcaster, co. York, and Moreton Tirwitt, now Moreton Corbet co. Salop, who in 2 Hen. III., A.D. 1217, was Sheriff of Yorkshire, and, in other years, of Oxfordshire, Lincolnshire, Salop, and Cornwall. His heiress, as we have seen, married Sir Richard Corbet.

Mr. Duffus Hardy's General Introduction to Rot. Claus., page v, note, is very interesting on the subject of different spelling and pronunciation of names.1

In Northumberland, the name underwent several changes. It there appears spelt, as at the present day, Tyrwhitt, also Tirwhytt, Tyrwit, Tyrewitt, Tyrwith, Trewhitt, Trewitt, Truite, &c., &c. In that county were Tyrwhittby and Tyrwhitschal, signifying Tyrwhitt's house or hall, if not the manor of Over and Nether Tyrwhitt.

The Territts of Chilton Hall, Suffolk, were lately represented by Frances Mary, Viscountess Forbes, mother of the 7th Earl of Granard, born at Chilton Hall in 1836. She was daughter and heiress of the late William Territt, Esq., of that place.

The Trewhitts (supposed of Cornwall). Henry Trewhitt married 26th January, 1822, Christiana Dutton, adopted daughter of Sir Christopher Hawkins, Bart., who died April, 1829. Mrs. Trewhitt died 12th September, 1832. See Hawkins v. Hawkins, 7 Simons's 'Reports in Chancery,' 173. By a second wife he had a son, born at St. Leonard's-on-Sea, 18th November, 1844, and seems to have died 18th September, 1850, described of Sunbury, Middlesex, and of the Chateau de Langasse, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, Loiret, France."

1 And see Gudenus Cod. Diplom. Præfet,' p. 15; 'Hergott Genealogia Diplomatica gentis Hapsburgh Prolegomena,' p. 8; 'Nouveau Traite de Diplomatique par deux Religieux Benedictins,' Paris, 1765, 6 vols., qto, tom. i., p. 588; 1 H. T.'s MSS., 42:

"Where the English in imitation of foreigners assumed surnames from their places of residence, then was it that the progenitors of this ancient family (Fitzhardinge) assumed the name of Berkeley from their seat, Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire." (Collins's Peerage,' art. Berkeley, Earl.) There an ancient patronymic existed, viz., Fitzharding, varying from the assumed territorial one, Berkeley; whereas no name but Tyrwhitt appears in that family at any period. 2 Tirwhit, a burgess of St. Andrew's, Scotland, 35 Edw. III. :

Safe conduct for Hugo Tirwhit, Burgensis de St. Andrea in Scot., de conductu pro se et duobus sociis de comitiva suâ veniendo cum bonis et mercandisis suis in regnu' Angliæ et alibi infra potostatem et dominium regis-(as well in parts beyond the seas as in parts cis the seas, there to remain and trade at will, and return to their country, paying all tolls and debts)-p' unum annum duratur.

Dat apud Westmr. primo die Decembris per ipsum Regem.

Oxford, Queen's Coll. Library; Dodsworth's MSS. 4187, vol. 45; F. liber Rogeri Dodsworth, Eboracensis; Rot. Scot., 858 B., 35 Ed. III. [A.D. 1360].

Appendix to page 3.

From an article in 'Fraser's Magazine,' for October, 1849, entitled 'Phonetics.'

"The mysterious inscription which excited so much astonishment in the Strand about a year ago, intimating that No. 344 was the ‘Ofis ' of the 'Fonetic Nuz,' possibly conveyed to our readers their first intimation of the Great Fonetic Movement,' and of the fact that a great number of Her Majesty's subjects indulged in the apparently harmless luxury of writing, printing, and reading English by means of a new alphabet and system of spelling. In the years 1843 to 1847 Messrs. Pitman and Ellis composed and projected a new alphabet. They proposed that English words shall, in future, be written by means of this alphabet, with reference only to their sounds; from which it will follow that the letters in a word will determine the sound of a word, and the sound of a word will determine its letters with mechanical certainty. This they call the Phonetic spelling; the old system is branded as the 'Heteric.'

"Perhaps a reference to the case of proper names will illustrate our position better than any thing else; though what we say of them is true of all words soever. Mr. Ellis is particularly severe on such a piece of 'hetericism' as that Mr. Tirrit, for instance, should spell his name "Tyrwhitt.' The only answer to this is, that such is his name. His spoken name is 'Tirrit;' his written name is Tyrwhitt. His written name is no more 'Tirrit' than his spoken name is 'Jones.' If there were no such thing as written English, he would have no written name; but there is a written English, and he has a written name; it is Tyrwhitt; it is a fact, and there is, or ought to be an end of the matter. But facts go for nothing with an enthusiast. It is, nevertheless, just this incapacity to recognise and submit to facts, which makes the difference between a useless visionary and a useful reformer."

All this, however, is but "to break a butterfly upon the wheel." Albion Place, Bath, on the old road to Bristol, by Kelston, &c., was long ago the last and dingy shrine of the would-be oracle, the 'Fonetic Nuz." It has now disappeared.

Appendix to page 3.

Extract from vol. ii, p. 13, 'Lower's English Surnames,' 3rd Edition: "Tradition is at best but an 'uncertain voice;' and many of the foregoing stories are probably mere 'figments of fanciful brains.' Such doubtless is that which follows, as Tyrwhitt' is a local name.

"A knight of Northumberland, who lived in the time of Henry I., being severely wounded in defending a bridge single-handed against a host of assailants, fell exhausted the moment he had forced them to retire, among the flags and rushes of an adjacent swamp, where he would probably have perished, had not the attention of his party, which, in the mean time, had rallied, been directed to the spot where he lay by the vociferations of a flock of tyrwhitts, or lapwings, which had been disturbed by his fall. Hence, says the story, the wounded Sir Hercules received his surname. This tradition possibly originated in the canting arms borne by the family, which are, gules, three tyrwhitts or lapwings, or; and the crest, which represents an athletic human figure defending himself with a club."

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Remarks on above.-Mr. Lower copies Camden's Remains,' for the position that Tyrwhitt is a local name, and 'Collins's Baronetage,' for the tradition which he first dresses out and then slights. I have already, p. 3, ventured to differ from Camden as to the locality of the name, and altogether dissent from Mr. Lower as to the origin he would ascribe to the tradition. It seems at least as probable, that the "canting" (i.e., allusive) arms commemorated the story of a fact handed down from a more antique period, as that, though not allowed a probable origin by allusion to any event, they should yet be taken to have gratuitously furnished a peg whereon to hang a tale of fiction. That the most ancient coats of arms often owed their origin to noticeable events in families during the simple and warlike ages, seems a sound opinion; though the whole subject of contest is so trifling.

Further, though Mr. Lower lays the scene in the reign of Henry I., he gives no authority for so doing. The rude weapon in the crest points to an earlier period, probably antecedent to the Conquest. Or shall we surmise that the tradition of the lapwings dates from the defence of the bridge of Estafort, or Stanford, since called Battle Bridge, where on the north bank of Ouse, near York, Harold, King of England, defeated Harold Harvagre, the fair haired King of Norway (Strype).

Sir Walter Scott says: "Canting heraldry, though generally reprobated, has nevertheless been adopted by many honourable families. Thus the motto of the Vernons, "Ver Non Semper Viret," is a perfect pun, as is that of the Onslows, "Festina lente." The "Periissem si non per iissem" of the Anstruthers is liable to similar objection. One of that ancient race, finding that an antagonist with whom he had fixed a friendly meeting, was determined to assassinate him, prevented the hazard by dashing out his brains with a battle axe. Two sturdy arms brandishing such a weapon form the ancient crest of the family, with the above motto: "Periissem si non per iissem." Waverley,' Ch. XII.

In like manner, the Hamilton motto " Through," with the crest of

two wood cutters, passing a saw through a tree, is "canting," viz. : allusive to the escape of a chief of that name from his pursuers, by assuming the dress and action of a wood-cutter in his vocation.

Again, the apes which support the shields of arms of the Duke of Leinster and of Lord St. John of Bletso, are also canting, in alluding to an incident believed to have occurred in each of those noble families, that a child of the house was saved from danger of fire by a tame monkey. So would the St. John arms, two spur rowels, called by heralds "pierced mullets" (for molettes) be canting, for alluding to the spurs with which the Knight was of old solemnly invested.-See the eloquent pages in 'Gibbon's Decline and Fall," chap. 58, A.D. 1096. Many other instances are given in that interesting work, Burke's 'Vicissitudes of Families,' a book conceived in so different a spirit from that of Mr. Lower.

Appendix to page 6.

The book called the Grosvenor Roll is entitled 'De Controversiâ in Curiâ Militari inter Ricardum le Scrope et Robertum Grosvenor, milites, Rege Ricardo Secundo, MCCCLXXXV-MCCCXC [A.D. 1385-1390]. E. Recordis in Turri Londinensi asservatis. Being the whole of the proceedings in the celebrated controversy between the above-named parties as to their respective rights to bear the following coat of arms, viz., Azure, a bend or.' Edited by Sir Nicolas Harris Nicolas. Privately printed, 2 vols. 4to.

This Sir Robert Grosvenor is one of the ancestors of the present Marquis of Westminster.

In vol. i. p. 199, is contained the Deposition, No. LXI., of "Thomas Tyrwyth, Esq.," dated 30th October, 10 Richard II., A.D. 1387, called as a witness on the side of Richard l'Escrope. His curious evidence as to the Scropes having ridden with Monsieur de Lancaster [John of Gaunt] in Normandy, and all over France, bearing the arms in question, is given at length. Other Northern gentry of the time gave evidence on the same side, as recorded in the same work.

Another "Thomas Tyrwhitt" was master of Balliol, at Oxford, A.D. 1371, having followed John Hugate who, about 1365, succeeded John Wyclif, or Wickliff, "the Morning Star of the Reformation" in that office. In 1365, John Wickliff was appointed Warden of Canterbury Hall in Oxford (now part of Christ Church) by the founder, John Islip, primate of England. He remained warden, as it seems, till 1379, when the Papal Court awarded his expulsion for not being a monk; or till 1381, when the King ratified that decree. See Collins's 'Church