estates, and gave them to his enemies. A small estate was given back to his widow and daughter, afterwards the Countess Kaunitz. 11. 3845 ff. Cf. note to ll. 3477 f.
11. 3851 f. Der Kaiser ist Besitzer etc., because Terzky too was put under the imperial ban and his property confiscated.
1. 3852. uns; note that she includes herself among the dead, thus preparing us for what follows.
Stage Direction after 1. 3865.
einen Brief, the tenth document
in the drama. Cf. note to ll. 2728 ff.
1. 3867. Fürsten Piccolomini cf. 1. 2766. According to history this promotion came much later. See Index under Octavio Piccolomini. This short, cynical ending, expressing the most poignant reproof of Octavio's whole conduct, has been much admired as one of the most effective touches in Schiller's dramas. On March 18, 1799, Goethe wrote about it to Schiller as follows: "The ending of the drama with the address of the letter is, in reality, startling, especially considering the tender state of one's feelings at the moment. It is indeed a unique case to be able to conclude with what is terrible after having exhausted all that was capable of arousing fear and pity."
INDEX TO PERSONS AND PLACES.
Altenberg, a strongly fortified hill near Fürth, occupied by Wallenstein
during the siege of Nürnberg.
Altorf or Altdorf, a small town about fifteen miles southeast from Nürn-
berg, since 1575 the seat of a gymnasium, which so grew in size and prom-
inence that it was changed in 1622 into a university. This institution was
under the control of the city of Nürnberg. In 1809 it was united with the
university of Erlangen.
Altringer. Johann von Aldringen (1588–1634), an able general of the
Empire and a man of character and culture. He distinguished himself in
various engagements under Tilly and Wallenstein, and was highly esteemed
by the latter. He did not attend the meeting of the generals at Pilsen in
January, 1634, but joined Marradas at Frauenberg. After the death of
Wallenstein he was richly rewarded by Ferdinand for his loyalty to the im-
perial cause, but died soon afterward in battle, July, 1634.
Arnheim, better Arnim (Schiller found the form Arnheim or rather Arn-
heimb in Murr).
Johann Georg von Arnim-Boytzenburg (1581-1641), a Brandenburg
nobleman, throughout his life a staunch Lutheran. He was first in the
Swedish and Polish service, and then entered the imperial army, in which
he attained high distinction under Wallenstein. In 1629 he entered the
Saxon service, and in 1631 was appointed commander of the forces of Elec-
toral Saxony to cooperate with Gustavus Adolphus. He was present at the
battle of Breitenfeld, and subsequently captured Prague. Although nomin-
ally an adversary of Wallenstein, he was in constant communication with
his former chief on the subject of peace. Wallenstein was particularly
anxious to detach the Elector of Saxony from the Swedes and then, with an
overwhelming force on his side, dictate peace to Europe. His negotiations
with Arnim and the Saxons were known to the emperor. After 1635 Arnim
left the Saxon service, but was employed in the diplomatic service until his
death.
Attila, a famous king of the Huns, surnamed the "Scourge of God" on
account of the devastation caused by his hordes. He was a great conqueror
of Germanic and Slavonic nations, laid waste the provinces of the Eastern
Roman Empire and claimed half of the Western Empire. He was finally
defeated in 451 A.D. in the battle of the Catalonian fields, near Châlons-sur-
Marne, by the Roman general Aëtius with the aid of German auxiliaries.
He died in 453.
Banner (Swedish Banér), Johannes (1596-1641), a distinguished Swedish
general trained under Gustavus Adolphus, after whose death he was made a
field-marshal, and won the victories of Wittstock (1636) and of Chemnitz
(1639). He was not present at the battle of Lützen, as stated in the Tod,
1. 940.
Bayern, Bavaria, in the Thirty Years' War a duchy, then much smaller
than the present kingdom of Bavaria. By the treaty of Westphalia (1648)
the Upper Palatinate, a district in northern Bavaria, was annexed to it.
Bayreuth or Baireuth, in the 17th century a principality on the upper
course of the Main, now a part of the kingdom of Bavaria. The town of
Baireuth is situated in the province of that name on the Red Main.
Belt, a term applied to two straits connecting the Cattegat and the Baltic.
It is used in Schiller by metonymy for the Baltic Sea.
Bernhard von Weimar (1604-1639), the most celebrated general on the
Protestant side after Gustavus Adolphus. He received his military training
in the Dutch service, took part in the campaigns of Christian IV of Den-
mark, joined Gustavus Adolphus upon his arrival in Germany, and was
actively engaged in the siege of Nürnberg and at the battle of Lützen. He
captured the important fortress of Regensburg, Nov. 5, 1633. For his
services he was promised an independent duchy in Franconia (see Index
under Frankenland). After the death of Gustavus Adolphus he was en-
trusted with the chief command of one half of the Protestant army and did
excellent service. At the time of Wallenstein's death he was in command of
a large Swedish force, and was less than a day's march from Eger.
Bernhard's real part in the war is frequently assigned in the drama to
the Rhinegrave Otto Ludwig von Salm.
Böhmen, Bohemia. Schiller also uses the older German form Böheim.
Böhmerwald, a chain of hills separating Bohemia from Bavaria.
Brandeis, a small town on the Elbe, in Bohemia, north of Prague. It was
the seat of a royal palace.
Braunau, a town in the northeastern part of Bohemia, on the border of
Silesia.
Breitenfeld, a small place near Leipzig. Here Gustavus Adolphus won
the victory over Tilly, Sept. 17, 1631.
Brieg, a town in Silesia, on the Oder, southeast of Breslau.
Brügge, Bruges, a city in the northern part of Flanders, near the North
Sea.
Brünn, capital of the Austrian province of Moravia.
Buchau am Federsee, in the 17th century a free imperial town a few miles
southwest of Ulm, in the district of the Danube.
Budweis, a city in the southern part of Bohemia, on the Moldau.
Burgau, in the 17th century the capital of a small margraviate of the same
name, situated between Ulm and Augsburg, south of the Danube.
Bürgermeister, see Pachhälbel.
Buttler, Walter, a member of a noble but impoverished Irish family. He
entered the imperial service and rose from the ranks, until in 1632 he was ap-
pointed colonel of a regiment of dragoons consisting largely of Irishmen.
He was a zealous Catholic, sincerely loyal to the emperor, and hence regarded
Wallenstein with suspicion. Wallenstein in turn distrusted him. When
Wallenstein was on his way to Eger, Buttler accidentally met him, was asked
to accompany him to the town, and became there one of the chief accomplices
in the assassination of the general. Cf. Introd., pp. xxxii-xxxiii.
After
Wallenstein's murder the emperor rewarded him by making him a count and
by giving him Friedberg, one of the largest estates of Wallenstein. He
died shortly afterward, in Dec., 1634.
Caraffa, name of an old and celebrated Neapolitan family, two members
of which took part in German affairs. Cardinal Pietro Luigi, who in 1623
was sent by the Pope as envoy to Germany and returned to Italy in 1628;
and Geronimo Caraffa, who fought at the battle of the White Hill and was
subsequently appointed by Philip IV governor of Aragon. He died in 1633.
The reference to Caraffa in Piccol. 1. 1006 is therefore unhistorical.
Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, called der Halberstädter, be-
cause in 1616 he was elected administrator or secular head of the Lutheran
bishopric of Halberstadt. He was a rash, impetuous leader on the Protes-
tant side, in the early part of the war. He took part in several campaigns and
sought to defend his own territory as well as that of the unfortunate Fred
erick of the Palatinate, but without success. He died in June, 1626.
Colalto (sometimes spelled Collalto), Count Rambold (1575-1630), Presi-
dent of the War Council during Wallenstein's first command and a warm
friend of the general. In 1629 he led an imperial army to Italy, but sickness
prevented him from taking part in the siege of Mantua. As he died in 1630
he could not have been present in Pilsen, as Schiller states in Piccol., 11.
18 and 878. Possibly Schiller confounded him with Colloredo, who worked
for the downfall of Wallenstein.
Conte Ambassador, see Oñate.
Deodat, better Diodati, Giulio, an Italian, an opponent of Wallenstein who
took an active part in his downfall.
Dessau, capital of the Duchy of Anhalt, situated on the Mulde, sixty-five
miles southwest of Berlin. Near this town Count Mansfeld, the Protestant
general, was defeated by Wallenstein, April 25, 1626 (Battle of the Bridge of
Dessau).
Deveroux or Devereux, an Irish captain, the hired assassin of Wallenstein.
He is several times mentioned by Murr.
Dietrichstein (1570-1636), an Austrian cardinal, head of Ferdinand's coun-
cil of theologians and very influential at court.
Donauwörth, an important stronghold on the Danube, 25 miles north of
Augsburg and about 150 miles from Pilsen.
Dübald, also spelt Duvall, Dubaldt, Dubadel, a Swedish colonel.
not captured before Nürnberg as is stated in Tod, 1. 1847, but at Steinau, in
Oct., 1633.
Eger, a city in the extreme western part of Bohemia, on the Eger River, about
40 miles northwest of Pilsen. It contains a castle built about 1180 on a rock
above the river, and was formerly an imperial and royal seat, but is now an
imposing ruin. Eger was the scene of Wallenstein's murder Feb. 25, 1634.
Eggenberg, Hans Ulrich von (1568-1634), a great favorite of the emperor
and member of the imperial council. For his services he was rewarded
with extensive possessions and made a prince. He was one of the most in-
timate friends of Wallenstein, to whose elevation he contributed not a little.
After Wallenstein's murder he withdrew from office and died soon afterward.
Esterhazy, Count Nicolaus (1582-1645), member of the ancient Hungarian
family of that name. He was Palatin of Hungary and enjoyed the special
confidence of the emperor.
Etsch, Adige, a river which rises in the Tyrol, flows through the northeast-
ern part of Italy and empties into the Adriatic north of the mouths of the Po.
Falkenberg, a small place in the Upper Palatinate, between Tirschenreut
and Neustadt.
Ferdinand II (1578-1637), Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. He was
the son of Charles, Duke of Styria and cousin of the emperor Matthias, whom
he succeeded as king of Bohemia in 1617, as king of Hungary in 1618, and
as emperor in 1619. In 1619 the Protestant estates of Bohemia, irritated
by the infringements of the "Majestätsbrief" of 1609, deposed him, and
elected as his successor Frederick V of the Palatinate, head of the Protes-
tant Union and of the German Calvinists. Ferdinand II thereupon allied
himself with Maximilian, Duke of Bavaria, head of the Catholic League, with
Spain, and with the Lutheran elector of Saxony, and overthrew Frederick V
in the battle of the White Hill, Nov. 8, 1620. He then tried to extirpate
Protestantism from Bohemia. His whole long reign was occupied with the
Bayer, der. See Marimilian I.
Bayreuth or Baireuth, in the
course of the Main, now a no
Baireuth is situated in
Belt, a term applied
It is used in Schiller
Bernhard von B
Protestant side af
in the Dutch se
mark, joined
actively enga
captured t
he realized the futility of
Europe. See Schiller's excellent
After and II, made king of Hungary in
the assassination of Wallenstein
command of the imperial army, although
Gallas. He took part in the victory over
pt., 1634. He signed the Peace of Westpha-
Duke of Feria. For his relations to Wallen-
important Spanish province of the Netherlands
Adam, a member of an old Hungarian family. He does
to have taken part in the conspiracy against Wallenstein.
som dere eccupied a prominent position in Wallenstein's army and
one of the four great duchies of the old German
chiefly in the valley traversed by the river Main, but ex-
dwest of the Rhine, being bounded by Saxony on the north and by
Preken Würzburg, Bamberg, etc.)
Swadia on the South. It was divided into several smaller districts, like the
Pra, which was to be formed out of the united bishoprics of Würzburg
and Ramberg. Oxenstjerna admitted his pretensions and confirmed him in
proposed duchy, but the whole project fell through by the defeat of the
For his services in the cause of Pro-
Bernhard of Weimar tried to win for himself a new duchy of
now Pfraumberg, a town in Bohemia, south of Eger and
thirty-five miles west of Pilsen.
, a district in the northeastern part of Italy, near the Adriatic.
Friedland, Wallenstein's duchy in the northern part of Bohemia on the
orders of Silesia and Lusatia, acquired largely after the Bohemian rebellion,
en he bought at a low price a large number of the confiscated estates of
Bohemian nobles. The town of Friedland was one of the larger places
in the duchy. See Introd., pp. xii-xiii.
Friedrich V (1596-1632), Elector of the Palatinate, husband of Elizabeth
Stuart, daughter of James I of England. In 1619, as head of the Protestant
Union, he was elected king of Bohemia by the insurgents who had deposed
Ferdinand II. He lost both Bohemia and his hereditary dominions by the
defeat of his general, Christian of Anhalt, by the imperialists at the battle of
the White Hill, Nov. 8, 1620. After the battle he lived as an exile at various
courts, but chiefly in the Netherlands, from which he received a pension. He
was a weak prince, personally unable to cope with the great power of Aus-
tria. The Lower Palatinate was restored to his son in 1648.
Gallas, Matthias von (1584–1647), Count. His career is closely associated
with that of his brother-in-law Aldringen. He entered the imperial service
and rose steadily in military honors until in 1632 he was made a field-marshal.
Took part in Wallenstein's negotiations with the Saxons and the Swedes,
and at Wallenstein's own request was elevated in 1633 to the rank of lieu-
tenant-general, next in rank to Wallenstein himself. Coöperated in the
measures which led to Wallenstein's downfall in 1634. For his manipula-
tions against Wallenstein, see Introd., pp. xxix-xxx. After Wallenstein's
death he received the county of Friedland-Reichenberg as a reward for his
services. The battle of Nördlingen (1634), in which he defeated Bernhard of
Weimar, marks the climax of his military career. In his later military
operations he was unsuccessful, and was deposed for incompetency. As a
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