Meteorological Record. METEOROLOGICAL RECORD, KEPT IN THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, 341 The prevalence of North-Westerly winds, both at the surface and in the upper current, have been greater than has been observed in any month during the present year. An unusual quantity haze at NW of rain for the month of June has also fallen. scuds fr NW On the 2d day of June, tornadoes, hail-storms, and thunder storms, appeared at various places in different parts of the United States. In the states of Maryland and Pennsylvania the most violent of these appeared in the afternoon; in the state of New-York and in New-England, in the evening. On the night previous a heavy tornado occurred in Illinois. Since that period, storms of this character have occurred in a few instances, ..swift scuds fr NE particularly on the 17th, when a most severe tornado passed over Delaware county. The heavy rain which fell in this city on the evening of the 24th -fair June was some hours later in its occurrence in the eastern parts of Long Island Sound, as appears by the reports of the Providence steamboats. During this rain the wind was from ESE, being a d METEOROLOGICAL RECORD, KEPT AT AVOYLLE FERRY, RED RIVER, LOU. For the months of February, March, April, and May, 1833-(Latitude 31.10 N., Longitude 91.59 W. nearly.) 66 31 April 1 66 63 64 76 2 .. NW -CONTINUED. Weather, Remarks, &c. cloudy-evening clear and calm clear all day and night-planted corn, beans, &c. rain in the evening-wind Nw and high all night cloudy morning-clear day clear-rain at night cloudy-rain and thunder at night from Nw, N--light clear high -wind high all day and night -gathered turnip and mustard seed -light white frost NE-light all day and night-Red River at a stand .. SE-strong cloudy-rain & thunder afternoon & night-gathered mustard & turnip seed calm foggy morning-clear day clear-planted sweet potatoes, two acres 64 NE-light all day--Red River rising [severe till 12, midnight SE-light cloudy-li ht thunder showers all day-calm at night-rain and thunder 66 73 8 54 NE cloudy evening-wind s clear-cloudy night -evening, wind N, and heavy thunder and rain, and at night NE-strong cloudy-calm. late in evening and night NE-light morning evening light showers and calm w-light cloudy-evening light showers and calm-peas ripe NW-light clear N-light -calm and cloudy night E-light cloudy-calm-clear evening and night -at 5 p. m. shower and very heavy thunder SE-light cloudy morning-clear-calm day calm [then calm and cloudy SE-severe cloudy-at 12, noon, a severe gale and rain from w, continued until 4 p.m.- 80 44 30 80 May 1 79 74 calm 44 3 72 cloudy- s-light cloudy evening-thunder shower from Nw, severe calm clear .. -at night a gale from w-thunder and rain severe w, morning cloudy-calm evening -rain and thunder heavy all day and night calm 77 sw-light N, morning cloudy-rain and thunder severe in evening morning-clear day -evening clear Note.-Red River rose in February 2 feet 8 inches-in March 2 ft. 10 in.--and in April 4 inches, which was within 31 inches of extreme high water of 1828; in May, it had fallen 44 inches, being 8 inches below high water mark. APPENDIX. [In accordance with our notice on the second page of the wrapper, we now commence the re-print of Mr. Babbage's book. Again we beg to remind our readers, that the pages and sheets are so arranged that the book can be bound either as part of the volume of the Magazine, or without it: to bind it with the Magazine we should consider the most judicious, as the index to each volume will be copious, and refer generally to Mr. Babbage's book.] ON THE ECONOMY OF MANUFACTURES. INTRODUCTION. The object of the present volume is to point out the effects and the advantages which arise from the use of tools and machines; to endeavor to classify their modes of action; and to trace both the causes and the consequences of applying machinery to supersede the skill and power of the human arm. A view of the mechanical part of the subject will, in the first instance, occupy our attention, and to this the first section of the work will be devoted. The first chapter of the section will contain some remarks on the general sources from whence the advantages of machinery are derived, and the succeeding nine chapters will contain a detailed examination of principles of a less general character. The eleventh chapter contains numerous subdivisions, and is important from the extensive classification it affords of the arts in which copying is so largely employed. The twelfth chapter, which completes the first section, contains a few suggestions for the assistance of those who propose visiting manufactories. The second section, after an introductory chapter on the difference between making and manufacturing, will contain, in the succeeding chapters, a discussion of many of the questions which relate to the political economy of the sub. ject. It was found that the domestic arrangement, or interior economy of factories, was so interwoven with the more general questions, that it was deemed unadvisable to separate the two subjects. The concluding chapter of this section, and of the work itself, relates to the future prospects of manufactures, as arising from the application of science. thought, of repeated experiment, of happy exertion of genius, by which our manufactures have been created and carried to their present excellence, is scarcely to be imagined. If we look around the rooms we inhabit, or through those storehouses of every convenience, of every luxury that man can desire, which deck the crowded streets of our larger cities, we shall find in the history of each article, of every fabric, a series of failures which have gradually led the way to excellence; and we shall notice, in the art of making even the most insignificant of them, processes calculated to excite our admiration by their simplicity, or to rivet_our attention by their unlooked-for results. 2. The accumulation of skill and science which has been directed to diminish the difficulty of producing manufactured goods, has not been beneficial to that country alone in which it is concentrated; distant kingdoms have participated in its advantages. The luxurious natives of the East,* and the ruder inhabitants of the African desert, are alike indebted to our looms. The produce of our factories has preceded even our most enterprising travellers.t The cotton of India is conveyed by British ships round half our planet, to be woven by British skill in the factories of Lancashire: it is again set in motion by British capital; and, transported to the very plains whereon it grew, is re-purchased by the lords of the soil which gave it birth, at a cheaper price than that at which their coarser machinery enables them to manufacture it themselves.t 3. The large proportion of the population of this country, who are engaged in manufactures, appears from the following table, deduced from a statement in an Essay on the Distribution of SOURCES OF THE ADVANTAGES ARISING FROM Wealth, by the Rev. R. Jones: MACHINERY AND MANUFACTURES. 1. There exists, perhaps, no single circumstance which distinguishes our country (England) more remarkably from all others, than the vast extent and perfection to which we have carried the contrivance of tools and machines for forming those conveniences, of which so large a quantity is consumed by almost every class of the community. The amount of patient * The Bandana handkerchiefs manufactured at Glasgow have long superseded the genuine ones, and are now consumed in large quantities both by the natives and Chinese.-[Crawfurd's Indian Archipelago, vol. iii. p. 505.] † Captain Clapperton, when on a visit at the court of the Sultan Bello, states that "provisions were regularly sent me from the Sultan's table on pewter dishes with the London stamp: and I even had a piece of meat served up on a white wash-hand basin of English manufacture."[Clapperton's Journey, p. 88.1 ed calico derives its name,) the price of labor is one seventh of At Calicut, in the East Indies, (whence the cotton cloth callthat in England, yet the market is supplied from British looms. |