a theocracy of his own — including a Protestant Inquisition. Spies eavesdropped among the people; for any nonconformity, howsoever slight or unintentional, the harshest punishments were administered; physical measures were employed, and often the cries of tortured prisoners made Switzerland resemble Spain. He might even be willing to burn a heretic. No doubt this man was sincere, but he was also conceited: he thought an insult to John Calvin was blasphemy against God.

Calvin engaged in polemics with Servetus. Servetus defeated him. At least that was the general opinion at the time, and when Calvin heard a laugh at his expense, wounded pride rankled in his unforgiving bosom; furious and malevolent, he waited for revenge. But enough of Calvin- for the present; we may meet him again.

At Lyons, while engaged in editing scientific works for the firm of Trechsel, Servetus became friendly with the physician Symphorien Champier. Dr Champier, like the other scholars of the period of the Revival of Learning, eulogized Hippocrates and Galen in highest hyperbole; he clamored to see them in their own dress, for altho the Greeks had remained authorities all during the Middle Ages, they were not known in the original, but only thru faulty translations, and by means of commentaries and compilations, chiefly from Arabic sources. The enthusiasts refused to drink any longer from these secondhand sources they thirsted for the fountain-heads of knowledge. On all sides was heard the cry for Greece and Rome; Christian, Hebrew and Mohammedan, gave way to the resurrected glory of Hellas. The awakened cities fought, not for the spoils of war, but for classic manuscripts.

In those days Lyons was one of the intellectual centers where Athens was born again. Besides Champier and Servetus, Rabelais was there, fresh from his lectures on Hippocrates and Galen at Montpellier, now editing the Aphorisms of the former and the Ars Parva of the latter. But it was not as a physician that the world's greatest humorist was to earn his laurels.

At Lyons was also Rabelais' friend, the talented Etienne Dolet, loud in his praises of Cicero, and printing everything interesting that came into his hands - but not for long, for the theological faculty of the Sorbonne accused the young man of atheism, and he was strangled and burnt. Ah, medievalism was not dead, after all. It was a dangerous age for a thinker like Michael Servetus.

Servetus decided to follow the profession of Champier, and accordingly registered at the renowned University of Paris. Jacobus Sylvius, who has given his name to the artery, aqueduct and fissure of Sylvius, was the shining light of the faculty; he possessed ability—and a despicable char

acter.

A more interesting personality was Joannes Guinterius. Here was a man who had risen from the depths; he had stood in the streets of Deventer, imploring the passersby for bread. But hunger never prevented Guinterius from studying Greek, and the learned beggar became a professor in the University of Louvain. But even success did not chill his passion for knowledge, and at the age of forty he began to study medicine. After graduation, he remained in Paris, practicing and teaching, and translating the Greek physicians into Latin. Other events crowded into his career; when the Reformation came, Guinterius sided with Luther, and his life was endangered; he wandered from place to place, but romance dogged his footsteps, and Guinterius eventually became a nobleman of Strassburg.

Guinterius was delighted with the vivacious Servetus. Guinterius had another pupil whom he admired — a Netherlander whose scalpel opened up the era of modern medicine — and the teacher linked the names of these earnest scholars: Andreas Vesalius, a young man, by Hercules! of singular zeal in the study of anatomy; and Michael Servetus, deeply imbued with learning of every kind, and behind none in his knowledge of the Galenic doctrine. With the aid of these two, I have examined the muscles, veins, arteries and nerves