Proctor. Stars in their Seasons: twelve maps of the heavens at any hour of night all the year.

Arrhenius. Life of the Universe: the historical development of cosmognic ideas from ancient days to the time of Newton. Forsyth. A Treatise on Differential Equations.

Flower. Essays on Museums.

Humboldt. Cosmos: a sketch of a physical description of the universe.

Hull. Treatise on the Building and Ornamental Stones of Great Britain and Foreign Countries; arranged according to their geological distribution and mineral character.

Rotch. Sounding the Ocean of Air: the exploration of the upper air by means of clouds, balloons, and kites.

Friend. Theory of Valency: or, definite atomic attractive force. Thompson. Roentgen Rays, and Phenomena of Anode and Cathode.

Geikie. The Foundation of Microscopic Petrography.

Milne. Seismology.

Darwin. The Foundations of the Origin of Species: two essays.

(4) Classify by both schemes:

Tyndall.s Form of Water in Clouds and Rivers, Ice and Glaciers.

Woodward. Geology of Water Supply.

Gore. Art of Scientific Discovery.

Dawson. Fossil Men and their Modern Representatives.

Conn. Story of Life's Mechanism: the conclusion of modern

biology in regard to the mechanism of living activity.

Lock. Recent Progress in the Study of Variation, Heredity, and Evolution.

Pringle. Practical Photo-Micrography.

Jefferies. Nature near London.

White. Natural History of Selborne.

Warming and Vahl.

Oecology of Plants: an introduction to the

Kew. The Dispersal of Shells: means of dispersal possessed by fresh-water and land mollusca.

Stavely. British Spiders.

(5) In order to make a Bibliographical System practical, it must be equipped with certain auxiliaries. Examine this statement, using the auxiliaries of the Decimal, Expansive, and Subject systems to explain your meaning.

Lesson VII: Useful (or Practical) Arts.

43. We see in our consideration of Useful Arts the wide divergence between the order of the Dewey and Brown Classifications. Dewey divorces theory (Science) from practice (Applied Science); Brown places them in juxtaposition. In the Brown Classification the student will have very little difficulty in locating a subject in Useful Arts; the "root science" has only to be recognized, and after that the finding of the required number is an easy matter.

44. In the Decimal scheme, 600, Useful Arts, is a heterogeneous class which divides broadly as follows:

The Human Body, its construction, diseases, treatment, etc.
Engineering in all its practical applications.

Agriculture, including domestic gardening; and fishing and trap-
ping (where these are for food or practical purposes, and not for
sport-in the latter case they are Recreative Arts).

Domestic economy, including the house, its heating, lighting, etc.,
furniture, and sanitation (but not plumbing or lighting as trades,
which have other places in the same class), clothing, food, and
home nursing (not medical nursing, which is 610'73).
Communication and commerce, on the practical side, methods
in office, telegraphy, book-keeping, accounts, etc.
economic side is 380.)

(The

Chemical technology, or practical applications of chemistry to

manufacture.

Metallurgy.

Manufactures.

Trades.

Building (including shipbuilding).

Be very careful to read all notes in the class; that under 670 is very important. Note that the whole section is practical; Electricity, as a science, is 537; its application by the electrical engineer is 6213. Building is the actual work of raising the structure; not its planning or description, which is 720. Note, too, the difference between 625 which is the construction of railways, 656, which is the working of them, and 385, which deals with their government, economic value and business administration.

Examples of books :—

625 Laying a Permanent Way.

656 A Year's Engine Driving.

385 Nationalization of Railways.

The class is full of similar points; and we can only repeat the rule that Practical aspects only of a subject are put in 600. 45. In the Subject scheme we have to think in terms different from those prevailing in Useful Arts in the Decimal scheme. The subjects are to be found in classes B-I, and the section Co00-070 is typical of the arrangement throughout. Here we commence with the pure sciences of electricity, electro-dynamics, statics, kinetics, etc., and pass through magnetism directly to the practical application at 050, Electrical Engineering. Whatever may be urged for or against this order, it is simple and direct. Returning to our examples, we see what is meant by the juxtaposition of topics.

B502 Laying a Permanent Way.. B198 A Year's Engine Driving. B531 Nationalization of Railways. Certainly there is separation, but not such as we have in Dewey.

46. The following are important practical decisions on the Subject scheme generally: they must be studied carefully

(9) B204 to include "Coast Erosion ".

(10) Regnal numbers to include all members of Royal Families whether reigning or not.

(11) University Calendars to have the University number, subdivided by locality, plus 23, e.g. Oxford University Calendar, A180 U726'23.

(12) A690 (Industrial Decoration) includes Ship-painting. (13) General books on "Arts and Crafts" are A690. (14) Alphabets for sign-painters, etc., are MoII plus categorical number.

(15) Electric bells are C739'226; electric meters, C056.167.

Readings for Lesson VII.

BROWN. Subject Classification.

Revise Introduction, pars. 40-46. Par. 46 is very important in arranging an individual author-especially in a catalogue.

Go through Main Classes B-119, and observe carefully how applications of science spring from the science.

Learn Q-R on p. 82.

DEWEY. Decimal Classification.

Read Main Classes 600-699, making careful comparison with the Subject arrangement of the same subjects.

Learn 600-690 of Second Summary.

Read Hulme's "Principles of Book Classification," I-II, in
L.A. RECORD, V. XIII, pp. 354; 389-94, October-November

1911.

Questions.

(1) What is meant by the statement that Dewey divorces theory from practice in 500 and 600? How does this treatment compare with that in the Brown scheme?

(2) Summarize in three pages pars. 16-29 of the Introducto the Subject scheme.

(3) Classify the articles in this month's "Nineteenth Century and After" by both schemes.

(4) Classify by both schemes :

Fletcher, Banister. Dilapidations: a textbook for architects and surveyors in tabulated form.

Crane, W. J. E. Smithy and Forge: including instructions in the farrier's art.

Eissler, Manuel. The Hydro-Metallurgy of Copper: treatment of cupriferous ores, including the manufacture of vitroil.

Andes, L. E. Vegetable Fats and Oils: for oil Manufacturers, candle, soap, and lubricating oil manufacturers.

Seeley, H. G. Factors in Life: three lessons on health, food,

and education.

Meyer, G. H. von. Organs of Speech and their Application in the
Formation of Articulate Sounds.

Bale, M. P. Woodworking Machinery: use, progress, and con-
struction.

Bottone, S. R. Electric Bell Fitting.

Thompson, Sylvanus. Elementary Lessons in Electricity and
Magnetism.

Lodeman, E. G. Spraying of Plants: history, principles, and
practice of the application of liquids and powders to plants
for destroying insects and fungi.

Dicksee, L. R.

Boland, M. A.

Hotel Accounts.

Century Invalid Cookery Book for Nurses.

Rees, J. A. The Grocery Trade: its history and romance.
White, Mary. Basket-Making at Home.

(5) Test in Theory. Answer the following in not more than forty minutes without reference to your textbooks :

"What are the qualities required in a sound notation? Give examples of "mixed" and "pure" notations respectively, and of one in which arbitrary signs are used. Explain also the auxiliaries of notation, and especially the applications of those devised by Biscoe, Cutter, Jast, and Merril, and Stewart's adaptation of the last named."

Lesson VIII: Fine and Recreative Arts.

47. In Fine Arts, as seen in the two classification schemes, we have some most interesting divergences. Roughly it may be said that Dewey regards Fine Arts as higher developments of Useful Arts. Brown, on the other hand, urges that some are higher developments, but that all do not spring from previous forms, as some pervade all classes. The view is open to discussion, but that is no part of our purpose.

48. The Subject scheme presents most difficulties, and we will consider it first. Pictorial and Plastic Arts (painting, engraving, sculpture, etc.) are considered pervasive of the whole of knowledge and are placed in A; Architecture, as an application of Physical Science, is placed in B300-490 (note that this schedule takes building, architectural, practical, and historical they are not separated as in Dewey, 690 and 720); Landscape Gardening is part of the general subject of Gardening in Economic Biology, I220-1265; Photography is one of the Graphic and Plastic Arts in A735-788; Music, in all its forms (very elaborately and excellently worked out) is a development of Acoustics in Physical Science, C300-796; Theatrical performance goes with the general subject of the Drama in Literary Forms and Texts, N200-N249; Recreations are a part of Ethnological and Medical Science, H700991.

Thus we see an entirely different principle governing the order from that ruling in Dewey. We have again to point out that, as every one of the Useful Arts must be sought for at the Science on which it is based, so must each of the Fine Arts be sought at its basic Science.