them power to speak in various tongues? They were thus endowed, and immediately fitted to disseminate evangelical truths among all nations; and beginning at Jerusalem, they proceeded to found the Christian Church in every quarter of the habitable globe. Had they pertinaciously adhered to the ungenerous sentiment which some would now exalt into a maxim, that only one language should be the vehicle of the glad tidings from above to sinful men, then truly, the operation of the Gospel would be confined to circumscribed limits indeed." On these grounds Mr. S. declared: "that whenever warranted by the will of God, and existing circumstances were favourable, it was his determination to embrace every opportunity, and to apply all means by which he might in any wise gain souls unto God, and by all means to save some." "I must work (he said) while it is day, I know not how soon the night may come when no man can work. Whilst I depend upon the grace and mercy of my Divine Master, I shall endeavour to be prepared when he shall summon me to tender an account of my stewardship."Who would not applaud such a resolu tion ? To convince such of the Lutherans who objected to his conduct, of their inconsistency; to show them the absurdity of their prejudices, and how little their sentiments coincided with the principles of the great Reformer, (whose principles were those of the Bible,) he referred them to the following extract, from the works of that distinguished author.* "It is by no means my intention to say that I expect the Latin language to be used in our religious worship; the whole of my design is the improvement of our youth. And were it in my power, and the Greek and Hebrew were as common with us as the Latin, and contained such excellent church music, and psalmody as the Latin does, it would be my wish to use all the four languages alternately, Sunday after Sunday, so as to sing and read in German, Latin, Greek and Hebrew. I do not in any wise hold with those who confine themselves to one language only, and despise all others; for I wish in such manner to raise our people and youth as to become serviceable to Christ, in other quarters, and be able to converse with the inhabitants of foreign countries; otherwise we shall fall into the predicament of the Waldenses, in *Luther's Works: Altenburg Edition, Tom. iii. p. 464. Bohemia, who have kept their faith so long a prisoner to their language, that they cannot converse with any one, so as to be understood, unless he first learn their tongue. The Holy Spirit did not thus conduct in the beginning of Christianity. He did not tarry at Jerusalem until the whole world should there collect to learn the Hebrew language; but he endowed the Apostles with divers kinds of tongues, to enable them, wherever they came, to preach the Gospel of Christ. This example I would rather follow, and it is just that our youth should be exercised in different languages, not knowing what particular purpose the Lord may call them to fulfil." 66 Various were the trials which beset the path of this faithful servant of Christ; yet was it as the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day." In his conduct he was upright. His piety was pure-his character spotless. His manner was rather reserved, but candid. He was studious, almost to excess yet agreeable to all who enjoyed his com pany. He did the work of an evangelist, and made full proof of his ministry. His duties were discharged with conscientiousness and fidelity. The poor, the rich, and all, within the widening field of his useful and benevolent labours, found in him not only the faithful Pastor and friend, but the practical observer also of that beautiful evangelical precept: Love thy neighbour as thyself. Long will he live in their grateful and affectionate remembrance. His sermons evinced that biblical criticism was his peculiar province. At the same time they breathed such a spirit of piety, such a tender concern for the moral and religious improvement, and for the eternal salvation of his hearers, as gave them an immediate access to the heart. With this were combined the advantages of a graceful and dignified person, an excellent voice, a perspicuous style, an original and unaffected manner, and a persuasive eloquence in both the languages in which he officiated. His administration of the Apostolic rite of con firmation was always peculiarly solemn and impressive. These devout occasions left not a mere transient glow. Of this many pious Christians are ready to bear witness, who in their lives and conversation before God acknowledge, that their hearts are yet warm with the religious impressions which then they first received. Among Mr. Schaeffer's manuse are many Many of his compositions however Irave received the finishing touch of the author; and though a selection for publication has been contemplated, it yet, from various causes, has not been made. But unsearchable is the wisdom, impervious are the designs of the Great and Incomprehensible Jehovah, whose goodHess is infinite, but whose ways are past finding out! To blind and erring man it might have seemed, that this accomplished scholar, this pious servant of Christ, was designed for extensive usefulness, and secured to his friends and to the church a fair and deceitful prospect of length of days. Yet God, in his unfathomable providence, had otherwise determined. Few had been the years of this precious youth, when the eternal Father called him to receive his crown. Being seized with a fever, which seemed in its ravages to defy all the powers of the healing art, Mr. S. was conscious of his approaching dissolution, he looked towards it with the placid mien, and calm resignation of a Christian. He panted for the inheritance of the saints in light. Without a murmur, he desired that mortality might be swallowed up of life," that he might "be with Christ, which is far better." Extending towards heaven his enfeebled arms, and exclaiming with a voice in which his whole soul appeared to give utterance :-I call to my God-I die-I am ready. He breathed his last, on the 30th of January, 1815, in the 25th year of his age! No sorrow drown'd his lifted eyes, He left a widow, and an infant son. in the Lutheran Church in Hagerstown. The earth which encloses his lifeless remains was bedewed with the tears of thousands, for he was universally respected and beloved. On this melancholy occasion, the Rev. Mr. Mæller, of Chambersburg, delivered an appropriate and pathetic discourse upon the passage in Hebr. 13. 7. Remem ber them which have the rule over you, who have spoken unto you the word of God; whose faith follow, considering the end of their conversation. His elucidation was excellent, and his exhortation emphatic. He spoke comfort, though grief frequently impeded his utterance. The bitterness of the cup which bemoaning relatives and sorrowing friends were thus compelled to drink, was allayed by the sweets of that holy and cheering religion which they profess. Theirs was the rich, and Christian comfort, that they sorrow not as those who have no hope. They know that the lamented youth, who fell asleep, had lived as a Christian, and died in the peace of a faithful candidate for immortal life. Ere a fatal disorder laid hold of Mr. S. he was remarkable for the enjoyment of good health-he was the picture of that invaluable blessing. His manly constitution seemed to bid defiance to every disease; but alas! his career was short! Just entered on the slippery stage of life, endowed with uncommon mental and bodily faculties; scarcely had he commenced his labour in the vineyard of the Lord with extensive usefulness and success; scarcely did an esteeming and admiring congregation behold him amongst them, as the most faithful minister, and sincerest friend; scarcely had he tasted domestic felicity, living an honour and joy to his affectionate parents, relatives and acquaintances, as well as an ornament to society, and to his sacred office, when a wise Providence permitted an inflammatory fever in the bloom of youth, to destroy his florid vigour, which had been devoted to the service of his God, and the welfare of his fellow-men. Yet he still flourishes, and will forever flourish in immortal glory. The silent slumbers of death indeed close his eyes ;-the sable gloom of the grave envelopes his earthly tabernacle; but his immortal spirit is in the hands of the Everlasting God, from whom it received existence. Array'd in glorious grace, In the realms of eternal delight, many will appear as the witnesses of his ardent zeal, of his glowing earnestness, of his unfeigned fidelity; and will be his crown of rejoicing in the presence of the great Shepherd and Bishop of their souls, for having been instrumental in leading them to be reconciled to God, and preparing them through faith and patience to inherit the promises. The subject of the preceding memoir, was a brother to the Rev. T. C. Schaeffer, Pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Congregation in this city,-and to Mr. F. G. Schaeffer, of the house of Schaeffer & Maund, booksellers, Baltimore. ART. S. TRANSACTIONS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. HE Annual Commencement of this Institution, took place on the 27th of THE August. The following young gentlemen received the degree of A.B.; Silas Allen, George Bancroft, Apollos D. Bates, Ira T. H. Blanchard, Daniel H. Brailsford, Samuel Brimblecom, George S. Bulfinch, Sewell Carter, Thomas Carter, Jacob Chapin, David L. Child, Jona H. Cobb, Peter Collin Coggeshall, Joseph Coolidge, Penuel Corbet, Asa Cummings, Caleb Cushing, Samuel A. Eliot, George Emerson, Moses K. Emerson, Richard Farwell, Edwin Fay, Benjamin Fessenden, James D. Green, John O. Green, Samuel Hart, William S. Hastings, Daniel G. Hatch, Frederick Hobbs, Henry H. Huggeford, Francis Jenks, Joseph H. Jones, Edward A. Lummus, Samuel G. May, Clough A. Miles, Sylvanus L. Mitchell, Horatio Newhall, Richard G. Parker, John L. Payson, Baxter Perry, Henry Prentiss, Caleb Reed, Micajah Rogers, Stephen Salisbury, Wm. F. W. Sargent, Robert Schuyler, James W. Sever, Samuel E. Sewall, Oliver Sheafe, Wm. Smith, Samuel P. Spear, John P. Spooner, Thomas R. Sullivan, Thomas Thompson, Edward A. H. Turner, Stephen H. Tyng, Robert F. Walcutt, Lynde M. Walter, Geo. G. Warren, Benj. Waterhouse, John D. Wells, Aaron White, Paul Willard, Francis W. Winthrop, Alva Woods, Jotham B. Wright 67. The following gentlemen were admitted to the degree of Master of Arts, in course. John Allyn, Andrew Bigelow, Francis Arthur Blake, Samuel Dexter Bradford, Gamaliel Bradford, Martin Brimmer, Gorham Brooks, Thomas Bulfinch, John Ingalls Carlton, Isaac Eames Cobb, William Amory Codman, Ephraim May Cunningham, John Call Dalton, Waldo Flint, Ebenezer Gay, Thomas Russell Gerry, Benjamin Apthorp Gould, William Parkinson Green, Francis William Pitt Greenwood, Ebenezer Hobbs, Samuel Johnson, Alva Lamson, Jairus Lincoln, John Wendell Mellen, Pliny Merrick, Arthur Middleton, Joseph Pierce Nichols, Isaac Osgood, Adolphus Frederick Packard, Thomas Walley Philips, Jonathan Porter, Aaron Prescott, William Hickling Prescott, Charles Samuel Putnam, Francis Dallas Quash, John Gray Rogers, Edward Sprague Swett, John Thaxter, James Walker, John Walsh, Thos. Wetmore, George Wheaton, Martin Whiting, Charles Wild-44. Admitted out of Course. To the degree of Bachelor of ArtsJohn Emerson and Samuel Green, of the Class of 1816. To the degree of Master of ArtsIsaac Sparhawk Gardener, 1800, A.B. 1816-Simeon Putnam, A. B. 1811-Nathaniel Whitworth White, A. B. 1812— Winslow Warren, A.B. 1313—John West, A. B. 1813-Samuel Bacon, 1803, A. B. 1816. Admitted ad Eundem. Samuel M. Burnside, A. M. Dartmouth College, 1808-John Parker Boyd Storer, A. M. Bowdoin College, 1815-Alfred Bixby, A. B. Union College, 1817. The degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred in course, as follows:On Alfred Baylies-John Ingalls Carlton, A. M.-Frederick Cushing, A. B. Ebenezer Hobbs, A. M.-Samuel Johnson, A. M.-Amos Nurse, A. M.-Seth Washburn, and on James Barr, of the Medical Class of 1816. The Honorary Degree of Doctor in Medicine on Francis Vergnes. The Degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on His Excellency John Brooks, and the Hon. Jeremiah Mason, of N. Hampshire. The degree of Doctor in Divinity was conferred on the Rev. Nathaniel Thayer, and the Rev. Daniel Chaplin, YALE COLLEGE. The Annual Commencement of Yale College New-Haven,) was celebrated on the 10th ult. The following young gentlemen, alumni of the college, were admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts: Augustus Alden, Ebenezer, Andrews, Ebenezer Bailey, John Beard, John P. Beers, Ebenezer Blackman, Nehemiah Brown, Chauncey Bulkley, Augustus L. Chapin, George Chase, R. John Cheseborough, Willard Child, Smith Clark, William L. Clark, Lyman Coleman, William H. Delancey, Baxter Dickinson. Joseph W. Edmiston, Joseph Fowler, William C. Gay, C. Champion Gilbert, John Grammer, Jared Griswold, J. P. Hall, William B. Hart, Robert Hartshorne, Isaac A. Hawley, Loammi I. Hoadly, Anson Hubbard, Rufus Huntington, Samuel Ingersoll, Joel Jones, James H. Linsley, Peter Lockwood, David N. Lord, Wyllys Lyman, George Marvin, James F. Mason, Charles J. M'Curdy, Sam'l. H. Mead, Abraham Ogden, Thomas B. Osborne, Benjamin E. Payne, Robert B. Patton, Samuel Perhins, Horace S. Pratt, Jared Reid, Samuel Robinson, Edward Rutledge, Jonathan Silliman, Nathan R. Smith, Rufus F. Spalding, Lewis R. Starr, William B. Stilson, Roswell Stone, Edward Taylor, William U. Titus, Richard Warner, Thomas T. Whittlesey, Edmund Wilkins, Robt. W. Withers.-64. The following gentlemen, alumni of the college, were admitted to the degree of Master of Arts in course. Elisha Averill, Charles W. Capers, Henry D. Chapin, Donald Chester, William B. Calhoun, John Dickson, Samuel H. Dickson, Theodore Dwight, Charles B. Goddard, Ralph W. Gridley, Charles Jesup, John R. Kane, John Law, Joshua Leavitt, Whitman Mead, Ebenezer Munger, David L. Ogden, Abraham T. Rose, George E. Spruill, William L. Storrs, Joseph P. Taylor, Cornelius Tuthill, Nathaniel S. Wheaton.-23. The following gentlemen, alumni of the College, were admitted to the degree of Master of Arts out of course. William Shelton, 1788, Asa Chapman, 1892, John Gadsden, 1804, Hezekiah Chaffee, Hezekiah Sanford, 1809, Eleazer T. Fitch, Hervey Talcott, 1810, Henry Robinson, 1811, Solomon Brown, 1812, John Avery, Thomas Devereux, Joy H. Fairchild, Charles Hawley, David L. Hunn, Reuben Sherwood, William C. Woosley, 1813. Azra Fisk and Elisha P. Swift of Wil liams' College, and Hart Talcott of Dartmouth College, were likewise admitted to the degree of Master of Arts. The honorary degrees of Master of Arts were conferred on Samuel R. Andrews, the Rev. Harry Croswell, of NewHaven ; the Rev. Israel Day of Killingly, the Hon. Wm. C. Bradley of Vermont, the Hon. Henry Chapion, and Gen. Joseph G. Swift, of the United States Military Academy at West Point. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on the Rev. Benoni Upson of Berlin, and the degree of Dr. of Laws on the Hon. Jonathan Ingerroll, Lieutenant Governor, and the Hon. Zephaniah Swift, Chief Judge of the Superior Court of the State of Connecticut. The degree of Dr. of Medicine was conferred on the following gentlemen, alumni of the Medical Institution-Ne hemiah Cutler, George Hooker, David S. Edwards, Melines G. Leavenworth, Charles Miller, and Ellice Murdack. The honorary degree of Dr. of Medicine, on the recommendation of the Medical Society, was conferred on William Shelton, Philemon Tracy, Simeon Field, and Penuel Hutchins. DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. The Annual Commencement of Dartmouth College, (Hanover) was celebrated on the 22d of August. The degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on the following young gentlemen-John Adams, Silas Blaisdell, John Boardman, Mantin Brainard, Abel Caldwell, Carlton Chase, Elias Cobb, Jonathan P. Cushing, Henry W. F. Davis, Benjamin Door, Thos. W. Duncan, John Dunklee, Amassa Edes, Nathan Fisk, William Godell, Adam Gordon, Charles F. Gove, James Howe, Benj. Huntoon, James Marsh, David Page, Truman Perrin, Henry Safford, Ichabod Sargent, Michael B. Sargent, Jacob Scales, Marshall Shedd, Henry Smith, John Smith, Lemuel Smith, Lyndon A, Smith, Daniel Temple, Zebina Thayer, Francis Vose, Artemas Wheeler, Leonard Wilcox, Benjamin Woodbury, Ebenezer Woodward, and Moses Whitney.39. The following gentlemen were admitted to the degree of Master of Arts. In course-Ebenezer Bowditch Caldwell, Horace Hatch, George Kent, Rufus Nutting, Ebenezer Perkins, Joseph Tracy, Samuel Israel Wells. Out of course.Asa Keyes, A. B. 1810, James M'Keen Wilkins, A. B. 1812, Joseph Barlow Felt, A. B. 1813.-Benjamin Chase, A. B. Middlebury, 1814, and Erastus Root, A. B. Burlington, 1814, were admitted to the degree of Master of Arts.-12. The following gentlemen received the degree of Doctor in Medicine; Henry Bond, A. M. 1816, Isaac Colby, Horace Hatch, A. M. John Poole, Rebulon Rood, Erastus Root, A. M. John Witherspoon Scott, Asa Story, Thomas Wells, John Wheeler, Charles Woodward Wilder. 11. Honorary Degree-The degree of Master of Arts was conferred on Professor Hosea Hildrith, of Exeter Academy, A. D. Harv. 1805. The degree of Doctor in Medicine was conferred on Dr. James Harvey Pierpont of Portsmouth, and Dr. Matthias Spaulding of Amherst, N. H. and the degree of Doctor of Laws on James Monroe, Pregident of the United States. BOWDOIN COLLEGE. The Annual Commencement of Bowdoin College, (Brunswick,) was celebrated on the 3d ult. Bachelor of Arts.--Ebenezer Cheever, Nathan Cummings, Samuel Johnson, James M'Keen, Joseph Green Eoody, Charles Packard, Phineas Pratt and John Widgery. Master of Arts-Robert Page, Henry Smith, James Bowdoin, Charles N. Coggswell, John A. Douglass, Charles Dummer, Stephen Emery, John Eveleth, Samuel Hales and William H. Hilton, The degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on the Hon. Samuel S. Wilde. An honorary degree of Master of Arts was conferred on Simon Greenleaf, Esq. The degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on Henry Robinson, A. B. Yale College, Charles Briggs, A. B. Harvard University, Dudley Atkins, A. B. Harvard University. esophagus, details in illustration, the particulars of two interesting cases of this disease, as they have recently fallen under his notice. Dr. Hosack also laid before the Society a paper from Mr. C. A. Busby, architect, giving an account of a recent invention of his, intended to assist artists and amateurs in taking accurate perspective views, and called, from its small dimensions and particular use, the Pocket Perspectograph. It consists of a square tube two inches long, and three quarters of an inch across internally; closed at one end, except a puncture, and divided into twenty-five squares, with a piece of silk thread at the other extremity. The method of taking views with this little instrument, is by applying the closed end to the eye, and looking through the puncture (which is placed in one of the angles) when the objects to be delineated are distinctly seen through the squares at the opposite end. The particular intersections being noticed, are easily tranferred to paper, divided into squares of any dimensions. All the eare necessary in using this Pocket Perspectograph, is to direct the angle of the tube, corresponding with the puncture constantly to the point of sight in the scenery be fore the orbit; and as it manifestly takes in but one fourth of a view at one and the same moment, it must be turned in four directions to complete a drawing; in doing which, it will perform one revolution about the above-mentioned angle. The instrument, Mr. Busby observes, might take in a complete view, at once, by making it an inch and half in diame ter, dividing it into one hundred squares, and placing the puncture in the centre of the closed end. But he had found, experimentally, the present form to be preferable. It admits of being more LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SO- easily directed to the point of sight, and CIETY OF NEW YORK. Sitting of September, 1817. The Vice President, Dr. Hosack, laid before the Society, a communication in the form of a letter, which he had received from Colin Chisholm, M. D. F. R. S. an honorary member of this association, dated Bristol, October 25th, 1815. In this communication Dr.,Chisholm offers remarks upon the cases of morbid anatomy, read before this society, in June 1815, by Dr. Francis, and published in its Transactions; and while Dr. C. expresses his entire assent to the physiological and pathological views given by Dr. Francis, as to the formation of strictures of the the intersections of objects are more readily noted when the number of squares does not exceed twenty-four. Mr. Busby also presented a machine invented by himself, since his arrival in this country, with which any one, if ignorant of perspective, may take correct views of the most complicated objects. This invention is quite simple in its construction and operation, but nevertheless, is not of a nature to be satisfactorily explained without a diagram. The apparatus is portable, its weight being about two pounds. Mr. Pusby produced views of several public buildings in this country, taken by himself with these instru |