patrick a buffalo hide and had forgotten to include that in the bill upon which suit was brought. He slipped up to the justice and asked him to include the robe in the judgment. Squire Colvin obligingly entered on the back of the judgment one buffalo robe. Kirkpatrick protested vigorously against this. He said that if he was going to Heaven and saw Judge Colvin coming in that direction, he would change his course and go to the other place. Thereupon the justice further supplemented his original decision. He said such comment on the judgment was contempt of court and fined Kirkpatrick one dollar.

John Smith T.

In an address before the Missouri Historical Society General Firman A. Rozier of Ste. Genevieve gave some interesting reminiscences of John Smith T. He said the affix of "T" was made by Col. Smith to distinguish himself from other John Smiths of the day, and to commemorate the fact that he had lived in Tennessee. Originally a native of Georgia, he located for awhile in Tennessee, but came to Missouri, then known as Upper Louisiana, in about 1798, settling in the Ste. Genevieve District, and giving to his homestead the name of Shibboleth. Col. Smith was tall, slight of build, wiry in person, and mild mannered, even courteous, except when aroused by some real or fancied insult. Gen. Rozier said of him: "He had many personal encounters of the most serious and bloody nature, and stood unrivaled for skill, undaunted courage and great coolness in those terrible conflicts with his enemies."

Col. Smith always went armed to the teeth. His personal equipment consisted of two large pistols swung to a belt about his body, two smaller pistols carried in the outside pockets of his coat, and a large hunting-knife of the bowie pattern, which reposed in his bosom. His home was a perfect armory. He owned a slave whom he called Dan, who was a remarkably fine gunsmith. He built a shop for Dan, and that slave's only duty was the manufacture and repair of rifles, pistols and shotguns for his master. These weapons were reputed to be the truest and best in the western country.

One of the most notable incidents in the career of John Smith T. was his relationship with Aaron Burr's expedition. "There came to Ste. Genevieve an Austrian named Otto Schrader, who had been an aide-de-camp to the Archduke Charles in the first battle with Napoleon. Schrader was made coroner shortly after taking up his residence in Missouri. Col. Smith was then judge of the court of common pleas, and Henry Dodge, afterwards a Senator from Wisconsin, was sheriff of the Ste. Genevieve District. Smith and Dodge were at the time sworn friends, although they afterwards became deadly enemies. They were fired with Burr's ambition to go over to Mexico and the Spanish provinces, and concluded to join the expedition. They purchased a fleet of canoes, and, well supplied with arms and provisions, started down the Mississippi to join Burr. At New Madrid they were met by President Jefferson's proclamation declaring Burr and his whole enterprise unlawful. Much disgusted, the Missourians sold their canoes, purchased horses and rode back to Ste. Genevieve. When they returned they found the little town in great excitement. The grand jury was in session and had actually indicted both of them for treason. Dodge at once surrendered himself and gave bail, whereupon, being a man of wonderful physique, he took off his coat, rolled up his sleeves and actually whipped nine of

the grand jurors. The other three ran away. Col. Smith lived out in the country. The next day, he was just about sitting down to dinner, when, looking down the road, he saw Schrader, the coroner, coming after him. Smith went to the door and called out to Schrader: 'I know what you have come for; you have come with a writ to arrest me. If you attempt it you are a dead man. It was a great outrage to arrest me. I am as good a friend of the United States as there is in this territory. Mr. Schrader, dinner is just ready. Get down and come in and take dinner, but mark, if you attempt to move a finger or make a motion to arrest me you are a dead man.' Schrader got off and came in. Smith pointed to a chair at the table, and then cocking a pistol, laid it beside a plate and sat down opposite. The dinner progressed as pleasantly as possible under the circumstances, the host plying his guest with the delicacies the meal afforded. After dinner the couple rode into town again, but Smith was not a prisoner, nor was he ever arrested on that indictment."

CHAPTER XXXI.

PIONEER DAYS.

The Armstrong Mill-Commerce in 1820-A Transportation Problem-The Richest Man in Ste. Genevieve-Life on the Gasconade in 1811-The Captain of Militia-Jacob Coonce and "Betsy"-Sam. Thompson's Jokes-A Dog Case-Prof. James Love's Recollections -School Days in Callaway-How John Graves Kept Hotel-Dr. Barlow's Eccentricity— Pioneer Railroading-A Pike County Church Meeting-The First School House in Howard-Missouri Ballads-Judge D. C. Allen's Recollections-"Over the Hills and Far Away"-Missouri River Songs-"My Pretty Little Ben"-Gold Hunters' ChantThe Hound Dog-Aubrey's Ride-Introduction of Quinine-A Physician and a Philanthropist-Sappington's Anti-Fever Pills-Henry Clay Dean of Rebel's Cove-Congressman Cochran's Border Prescription-Adam Cobb, Orator-Judge Henry and the New Madrid Claim-Samuel Cole's Hunting Stories-Pioneer Life in Franklin CountySamuel C. Van Bibber, Promoter-Fish and Game Tales-The Osage War-A Marriage on Medicine Creek-Mike Fink and His Comrades-School Teaching in Boone-The First Settler in Newton-Boys Chased by Deer in Montgomery-A Society Item-Jack Pierce, the Champion Sport-Epic of Chouteau's Ram.

Our cabins are made of logs of wood,

The floors are made of puncheon,

The roof is held by weighted poles

And then we "hang off" for luncheon.

-The song that went with the "Raising Bee" in Missouri.

First settlers in Missouri ground their grain by pounding it in a mortar with a pestle. The stranger coming to a cabin about nightfall could hear a long way off the pestle and mortar at work preparing the home made meal and hominy for breakfast. In large families one member was kept busy with the pestle and mortar. A great improvement was the Armstrong mill. This consisted of two flat stones, the upper balanced on the lower by a pivot. A pin was fitted into a hole on the top stone in such manner as to make it revolve on the lower. With one hand on the pin and the other feeding the grain between the stones the meal and coarse flour were turned out. This mode of grinding took a strong arm and suggested the name of the Armstrong mill,

The enterprising young men of Cox's Bottom, Saline County, in 1820 were Henry Nave and James Sappington. They constructed a flat boat or "long horn" of cottonwood logs. In the late fall they loaded the craft with cured hog meat and floated down the Missouri and Mississippi to St. Louis. That market was overstocked. The young men floated on to Herculaneum, the shipping point of the lead mines. They sold out and walked most of the way back to Cox's Bottom. A son of that Henry Nave founded one of the great wholesale grocery houses of Missouri.