A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive: Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation, Bind 1Parker, Son, and Bourn, 1862 |
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Almindelige termer og sætninger
abstract name affirmed or denied analysis animal antecedent Archbishop Whately ascertained assertion attri attributes connoted axioms believe body butes Cæsar called causation cause classification coexistence colour common conceive conclusion concrete name connotative name consciousness consequent considered copula deductive definition denoted distinction doctrine Duke of Wellington effect essence evidence example excite existence experience expression fact or phenomenon feelings genus grounded idea implied important individual induction inference inquiry instance Julius Cæsar kind knowledge known language laws logic logicians major premise mark matter meaning men are mortal mental merely Method of Agreement Method of Difference mind mode mortal nature notion noumenon object observed particular peculiar person phenomena philosophers possess predicate produced properties proposition purpose reasoning relation resemblance sensation of white sense signification Sir William Hamilton Socrates species substance supposed syllogism term theory things thought tion true truth universal proposition Whewell word
Populære passager
Side 437 - Subduct from any phenomenon such part as is known by previous inductions to be the effect of certain antecedents, and the residue of the phenomenon is the effect of the remaining antecedents.
Side 429 - If an instance in which the phenomenon under investigation occurs, and an instance in which it does not occur, have every circumstance in common save one, that one occurring only in the former; the circumstance in which alone the two instances differ is the effect, or the cause, or an indispensable part of the cause, of the phenomenon.
Side 207 - All men are mortal. Socrates is a man ; THEREFORE Socrates is mortal" — it is unanswerably urged by the adversaries of the syllogistic theory, that the proposition, Socrates is mortal...
Side 435 - If two or more instances in which the phenomenon occurs have only one circumstance in common, while two or more instances in which it does not occur have nothing in common save the absence of that circumstance, the circumstance in which alone the two sets of instances differ is the effect, or the cause, or an indispensable part of the cause, of the phenomenon.
Side 364 - To certain facts, certain facts always do, and, as we believe, will continue to, succeed. The invariable antecedent is termed the cause ; the invariable consequent the effect. And the universality of the law of causation consists in this, that every consequent is connected in this manner with some particular antecedent or set of antecedents.
Side 342 - Whatever be the most proper mode of expressing it, the proposition that the course of nature is uniform is the fundamental principle, or general axiom, of Induction. It would yet be a great error to offer this large generalisation as any explanation of the inductive process. On the contrary, I hold it to be itself an instance of induction, and induction by no means of the most obvious kind. Far from being the first induction we make, it is one of the last...
Side 350 - Why is a single instance, in some cases, sufficient for a complete induction ; while in others, myriads of concurring instances, without a single exception known or presumed, go such a very little way towards establishing a universal proposition ? Whoever can answer this question, knows more of the philosophy of logic than the wisest of the ancients, and has solved the problem of induction.
Side 471 - The business of Inductive Logic is to provide rules and models (such as the Syllogism and its rules are for ratiocination) to which if inductive arguments conform, those arguments are conclusive, and not otherwise.
Side 150 - The simplest and most correct notion of a Definition is, a proposition declaratory of the meaning of a word...
Side 197 - Nevertheless, neither the dictum de omni et nutto — " that whatever can be affirmed (or denied) of a class may be affirmed (or denied) of everything included in the class;