καὶ ἀναγγελεῖς τῷ υἱῷ σου ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ, λέγων. διὰ τοῦτο ἐποίησε κύριος ὁ θεός μοι, ὡς ἐξεπορευόμην ἐξ Αἰγύπτου. Au. Ver., and most commentators.-8 And thou shalt shew thy son in that day, saying, This is done because of that which the LORD did unto me when I came forth out of Egypt. Bp. Horsley.-"It is because Jehovah did this unto me, when I came forth out of Egypt;" i.e., because Jehovah at that time made me do this, which I now do, i.e., he made me eat unleavened bread. (See Houbigant.) Rosen.-Propter hoc quod fecit Jova mihi, cum egressus sum ex Egypto. Imperfecta est oratio, atque ad eam complendam istiusmodi quiddam est addendum: hoc festum celebratur. Vulgatus: hoc est quod fecit mihi Dominus rel. Sed hoc Hebraice foret: בעבור שאקיים :Jarchi . זֶה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה יְהוָה לִי ut perficerem, מצותיו כגון פסח מצה ומרור הללו Unto thee. Ged., and Booth. omit these words on the authority of LXX, and two MSS. Ver. 14. Au. Ver.-Egypt. So the Heb. Ver. 15. Au. Ver.-Firstborn. Au. Ver. And it shall be for a token upon thine hand, and for frontlets between Ged., Booth.-Let this therefore be to mandata ejus, nempe hæc de agno paschali, Syr., and most copies of LXX. Ver. 18. So Sam., וַיִּסֵּב אֱלֹהִים אֶת־הָעָם דֶּרֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּר hoc mandatum fecit mihi Dominus signa et יַם־סוּף וַחֲמִשִׁים עָלָוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ miracula, cum eduxit me er gypto. At καὶ ἐκύκλωσεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν λαὸν ὁδὸν τὴν εἰς verba Hebræa non tam indicant, Deum ideo admirando modo Israelitas ex Ægypto eduxisse, ut festum illud celebrarent, quam ideo eis festum illud celebrandum injunxisse, τὴν ἔρημον, εἰς τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν. quod eos ita ex Ægypto eduxerat. Ita ergo, πέμπτῃ δὲ γενεᾷ ἀνέβησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἐκ recte ait Fagius, "intelligendum est: propter yns AlyvπTOV. hoc, id est, propter ea signa, quæ fecit Au. Ver.-18 But God led the people Dominus, propter occisa primogenita, celebramus paschæ istius festum in memoriam accepti beneficii." Ellipsis relativi haud infrequens, ut ea in illo Ps. cxviii. 24, hic est dies quam fecit Jova , זֶה הַיּוֹם עָשָׂה יְהוָה scil. illustrem. Vid. et infra xviii. 20. about, through the way of the wilderness of Au. Ver.-But. Red Sea. this exposition doth not agree with the Hebrew word, which doth not signify the fifth, but in fives; so it cannot be said of the children of Israel in general; for all the tribes were not yet come to the fifth generation. Our Nic. Fuller hath a learned discourse upon this word, in his Miscellan., lib. v., cap. 2. were wont to be girt when they went to fight Heb., Gesen., Rosen.-Sea of reeds. or to travel; this word may well be rendered Bp. Patrick. That which we call the eCovo, "well girt," as the LXX translate Red Sea, the Hebrews call the Sea of Suph, it (Josh. i. 14, iv. 13). Here indeed they i.e., of flags; as we translate the word Suph, translate it, πéμπтŋ dè уeveậ ảvéßŋoav, “they in the second chapter of this book, ver. 3, went up in the fifth generation" (which St. because it was full of a certain weed (which Austin follows), taking Jacob for the first; the Latins call alga, and the Greeks pukiov), Levi the second; Coath the third; Amram which some travellers have affirmed to be of the fourth; and Moses the fifth. But as a red colour, and to make the water appear as if it were red also: from whence some fancy it was called the Red Sea. Certain it is it had the Hebrew name of Suph from hence; there being such abundance of this weed in that sea, that the inhabitants of the coast plucking it up out of the water, and laying it in heaps to be dried by the sun, it becomes so compact that they build houses Bp. Horsley.-For of it as Bochart hath observed in his Phaleg., reads D, and renders profecti sunt feslib. iv., cap. 29. But it is most likely to tinanter, referring the word on to the have had the name of the Red Sea from root w, "to hasten," or "make haste," this that what the Hebrews call the Sea of and alleging Judg. xviii. 9, as an authority Suph the nearer neighbours call the Sea of for the word, and for this exposition of it. Edom, from the country which it washed, But, in that place, the word ' viz., Idumæa (1 Kings ix. 26; Numb. xxi. 4). from, and signifies the very reverse of From whence the Greeks, who knew not haste. But there is no necessity for any the reason of the name, called it épvepàv alteration of the word on, which sigOáλaoσav, the Red Sea; because Edom, in nifies "marshalled." The children of IsHebrew, signifies red, as we find Gen.rael went up out of Egypt "in orderly XXV. 29. Harnessed. תמשים Houbigant derives array;" not in the array of battle, but of a religious procession. (See Fuller apud Pool.) Bp. Patrick. Or, in military order: for Gesen. pl. adj. Exod. xiii. 18; though it is not likely the Egyptians suf- Josh. i. 14; iv. 12; Judg. vii. 11; gathered, fered them to have any arms, yet they did assembled, arrayed in order of battle, applied not go away tumultuously, like fugitives; to an army, as Josh. iv. 12, comp. but marched like soldiers in good order; verse 13, Aq., évoñλioμevot. Vulg., armati. and, as in our margin it is translated, five in So also Symm. Onk., Syriac, Arabic. (In Which is the interpretation of the dialects, may be compared حمس to .(חֲלָצַיִם from חָלוּץ as ,חֹמֶשׁ For the denom. from Others, divided in lots, numbers of fifty. Prof. Lee.-Firm, compact, in array of battle. a rank. Theodotion anciently, and of Montanus, and others, lately. But Hottinger trans- be robust, strong; but perhaps it was a lates it, in the form of an army. Arabic word chamis (from whence, it is likely, comes the word chamushim here used), signifies exercitus Tevтaμeрns, "an army consisting of five parts;" which are the front, Rosen.-Sed circumduxit Deus populum the main battle, the right wing and the left, viam deserti maris algosi. Ante subaudiri and the rear; Smegma Orient., p. 71. And potest, ut vertatur: ad s. versus mare so David Chytræus long before him, quinque algosum. Voc. D LXX ad quinque agminibus, "in five bodies," as we now referentes verterunt: πέμπτῃ δὲ γενεᾳ ἀνέβησαν, speak. But the interpretation of Aben- quod sequutus Clericus: quinta ætate IsraelEzra seems to be the most proper of all itæ ex Egypto ascenderunt. In mente others, who simply expounds it, girt about habuit locum Gen. xv. 16, ubi tamen quatuor their loins, i.e., expedite or ready, as On- tantum generationes significantur. Sed vid. kelos expresses it. For the Hebrew word not. ad eum locum. Præterea nullis exchomash, signifying those parts that are emplis probari potest, de quintæ under the five small ribs, about which men generationis hominibus Hebræis in usu M M fuisse; quod si per hanc vocem exprimere 2 Speak unto the children of Israel, that voluissent, certe scripsissent Dr. Omnino they turn and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, vero commemoratio generationis, qua ex between Migdol and the sea, over against Ægypto migrarunt Hebræi, ab hoc loco Baal-zephon: before it shall ye encamp by aliena videtur. Tacemus hic alias istius the sea. voc. explicationes haud probabiles. Veram autem notionem vocis De ceteris locis, 3 For Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, They are entangled in the land, the ubi occurrit, intelligimus. Etenim Jos. wilderness hath shut them in. i. 14; iv. 12, mulieribus et impuberibus 4 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that post exercitum remanentibus opponuntur he shall follow after them, &c. τῶν . Dp qui ante fratres suos processerunt. 1 Spake. So Ged., Booth., Patrick. Et Jud. vii. 11, Gideon narratur descendisse Pool. Or rather, had spoken, to wit, ad extremitatem before they came to Succoth, chap. xii. 37. qui in castris. Quæ loca For what was there briefly and generally armatorum, ad prælium accinctorum, sig- expressed, is here more largely and partinificatum fere flagitant. Et is quidem cularly declared, together with the occasion firmatur eo, quod Num. xxxii. 30, 32, et of it, which was God's command. Deut. iii. 18, ubi de eadem re, de qua Jos. 2 That they turn, &c. So the Masorites i. 14; iv. 12, agitur, qui hisce locis D. LXX, Kaì àñоσтPÉVAVTES OTPATOillis appellantur. Eo vero nomine πεδευσάτωσαν. - These words as proprie circa lumbos accinctos (a □ lumbi), Bp. Horsley.-Rather, "that they sit hinc paratos, expeditos ad iter vel ad prælium down "-"between Migdol and the sea, denotari, non est dubium. Nec igitur reover against Baalzephon." jiciendum, quod Hebræi ad quintam describe the situation of Pi-hahiroth. costam, circa regionem vesicæ fellis et jecoris, Bp. Patrick.—2 Encamp before Pi-hahiut R. Jochanan ait (a vilia, 2Sam. ii. 23), roth.] Before the straits of two great i.e., circa lumbos accinctos proprie sig- mountains; full of dangerous holes : nificare dicunt, et hoc Exodi loco Israelitas many think the word hiroth imports. And dici exiisse expeditos et accinctos paratosque pi, in Hebrew, signifying a mouth, this word omnibus ad iter necessariis. Consentiunt Pi-hahiroth may properly be translated in cum hac interpretatione Onkelos et duo our language, the chaps of Hiroth. reliqui Chaldæi paraphrastæ, Syrus, Arabs former day they had marched about eight Erpenii, nec non Aquila et Symmachus. miles; but now they doubled their pace, Bene ceterum Aben-Esra observat, innui and marched sixteen miles from Etham illa dictione, Israelitas manu sub- hither. lata, i.e., accinctos et armatos, non tumultuario modo atque confuso, non trepide, fugitivorum instar, iter suum ingressos esse. Au. Ver. Ver. 19. For he. So the Heb. The Between Migdol and the sea.] Some take Migdol to have been a tower or fortress (for the word carries that signification in it), upon the top of one of the mountains before mentioned. But there was a tower called Ged., Booth. For Joseph. So the Sam. Máydwλos, by Herodotus, and Hecatæus, Ver. 20. Au. Ver. In the edge of, &c. Booth. Which [Sam., Syr., Chald.] is at the extremity of, &c. Ver. 21. Au. Ver.—To go by day and night. Ged., Booth. So that they might go by day or by night. Bp. Horsley.-That they might march day and night. Eo ut nocte dieque iter facerent. (Houbigant.) CHAP. XIV. 1-4. and others; which Bochart probably conjectures was this place. Certain it is, there was a city in Egypt called Migdol [Jer. xliv. 1). And Stephanus de Urb. expressly saith that Μάγδωλος was πόλις Αἰγύπτου; but whether the same with this place, I cannot determine. Over against Baal-zephon.] This, I doubt not, was the name of a town also, or city, as Ezekiel the tragedian expressly calls it. For Baal was the name of a city (1 Chron. iv. 33), and it is likely there being more of the same name, this was called Zephon, to Au. Ver.-1 And the LORD spake unto distinguish it from some other Baal in those Moses, saying, parts. Either, because it lay north, or had Ged., Booth.-Had fled. The word fled but ill expresses the Hebrew ; which here is equivalent to the Latin aufugere, and is well rendered by Onk. and Syr. The people had gone off.-Ged. Au. Ver. Against the people. So Rosen. Versumque est cor Pharaonis et servorum ejus contra populum. Etenim hic pro an eminent watch-tower in it. There are against the people, and they said, Why those indeed, who, following the Jewish have we done this, that we have let Israel doctors (see Selden de Diis Syr. Syntagm. i. go from serving us?. Fled. cap. 3), imagine there was an image of Baal set up by the magicians of Egypt, by Pharaoh's order, near this Arabian gulf, to hinder the Israelites in their passage. And Varenius doth not quite disallow this: for he takes Baal-zephon to have been a great plain, into which they were to enter, by the chaps of Pi-hahiroth: in which an idol was worshipped, which, looking from the Red Sea towards the north, was called the lord of the north; as Baal-zephon imports. And Kircher seriously maintains it had a power of fascination, to stop the Israelites in their journey which there is no ground to believe. For such images made under a certain constellation, to avert evil things, &c., were not now in use being no older, there are good reasons to think, than the time of Apollonius Tyanæus, who was the first inventor of them. 3 Au. Ver.-For Pharaoh will say of, &c. Ged., Booth.-For to his people [LXX] will Pharaoh say of, &c. ponitur, ut Gen. iv. 8:, contra Abelem. Vid. et Num. xxxii. 14; Jos. x. 6. -Rosen. Ged., Booth. With regard to the people. Israel. Au. Ver. and took his Ver. 6. And he made ready his chariot, people with him. Au. Ver. And he. Ged., Booth.-And Pharaoh. So LXX, Ged., Booth.-All [LXX, Vulg.] his Rosen.-Recte Mendelii fil. observat, quum vs. 2, primum tertiis personis esset Moses, eum pergere in secunda per- people. sona, in, e regione ejus castra ponatis ad mare. Hinc colligit, hæc verba Ver. 7. וַיִּקַּח שֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת רֶכֶב בָּחוּר וְכָל רֶכֶב -non esse partem orationis Mosis ad Israel : iba-by owbwı 01780 itas, sed Dei ad Mosen, et postquam Deus dixisset: loquere ad Israelitas, ut reversi καὶ λαβὼν ἑξακόσια ἅρματα ἐκλεκτὰ, καὶ castra ponant ante Pi-hachiroth Migdolum inter et mare, nunc explicationis causa hoc πᾶσαν τὴν ἵππον τῶν Αἰγυπτίων, καὶ τριστάτας subjungere: e regione Baal-Zephonis ad enì návτwv. mare castra ponere debetis, ut Pharao inducatur ad credendum, Israelitas nescios quo se vertant errare. Et post hæc verba, quasi per parenthesin interjecta, vs. 4, continuari sermonem Dei medio vs. 2, abruptum. - 4 Et obfirmabo cor Pharaonis ut persequatur eos. Au. Ver.-7 And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains over every one of them. Pool. All the chariots, i.e., a great number; all that could be got together in haste, which the present service required. Over every one of them; over the men that fought out of every chariot. Or, over all of them; the command of all these chariots being distributed to several captains or commanders. Bp. Horsley. For the second [chariots] the LXX seem to have read "six hundred chosen chariots, and all the cavalry. "" Over every one of them;" rather," over the whole of it." Ged., Booth.-And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the cavalry of Egypt, and captains over the whole of them. Gesen.-, a distinguished class of warriors, probably those who fought from the war chariot, ἀναβάται, παραβάται. Exod. καὶ τριστάτας. Verum et de hujus nominis xiv. 7: he took all the chariots of Egypt, significatu variæ sunt sententiæ, quas refert by, and warriors in each of them, Origenes in Catenis ineditt. ad h. 1. apud xv. 4. LXX, in xiv. 7, τpɩotátai, and in Montefalcon. Earum verisimillima est, rpiscap. xv. 4, ἀναβάται τριστάται. (According τάτας fuisse magnos currus, qui tres homines to Origen, the combatant in a chariot is caperent, ut unus auriga esset, duo autem called Tpiorárns, because there were always pugnarent. Cf. Jac. Lydius in Syntagm. de three persons in it, of whom the first fought, re militari, 1. ii., cap. 3, p. 39, existimat a the second protected him with the shield, ternario numero dictos tristatas milites and the third guided the horses). In 1 Kings omnium strenuissimos et revera antiquos ix. 22, and are combined; triarios, qui in locum duarum classium compare 2 Kings ix. 25. In other passages militarium, si utraque succumberet in præthey appear to form a body-guard of the lio, tanquam potior exercitus pars, sucIsraelitish kings, 1 Kings ix. 22; 2 Kings cedebant, et rem fortiter gerebant, ut x. 25; 1 Chron. xi. 11; xii. 18 (where Triarii in exercitu Romanorum, de quibus their commander is styled, in plura Livius viii. 8, Varro de Ling. Lat. the parallel passages, 2 Sam. xxiii, 8: iv. 16. Aliam præterea conjecturam proin which the plural is wanting, as in ponit Lydius, quum in pluribus linguis ", "php, up, &c. However some MSS. have ternarius numerus rem in majus extollendi the D). But these may be the same, supposing et exaggerandi vim habeat, et in comanother office assigned to them in time of paratione ultra tertium gradum non ascendi peace in sing. is perhaps frequently soleat, posse per fortissimum significari, equivalent to, and occurs as a quasi eum, qui tertium et supremum gradum noble attendant of the king, 2 Kings vii. 2; fortitudinis obtineat, pro quo Græci dicunt ix. 25; xv. 25; xvii. 19. The etymology rpioapiσreùs, et Galli tresfort. Nobis quidem has, perhaps, in Hebrew, the same founda- magis est verisimile, certum quendam militum tion as in the Greek, τριστάτης. Others ordinem nomine Hebræo et Græco significari, have also compared it with the Latin tri- qualem tamen, nemo facile definiverit. bunus, but the etymological foundation of this word is quite different. Other deriva Ver. 8. tions and explanations, e.g., one of the by ning many thirty, comp. 2 Sam. xxiii. 23; 1 Chron.ON 97” DİŞA xi. 25, or officers of the third runk, are not applicable to the first passages, where the word is evidently used in connexion with the chariots of war.—Prov. xxii. 20. Εin Kri signifies probably principalia, i.e., nobilia, comp. viii. 6. Hardened. Ged.-Emboldened. καὶ ἐσκλήρυνε κύριος τὴν καρδίαν Φαραὼ βασιλέως Αἰγύπτου, καὶ τῶν θεραπόντων αὐτοῦ, καὶ κατεδίωξεν ὀπίσω τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ. οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ Ισραὴλ ἐξεπορεύοντο ἐν χειρὶ ὑψηλῇ. Rosen.-Sumsitque sexcentos currus se- Au. Ver.-8 And the LORD hardened the lectos, quibus significari videntur regii et ad heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he bellum parati; quum, omnes pursued after the children of Israel: and currus Ægyptiorum, qui post illos memo- the children of Israel went out with an high rantur, privatorum essent et sarcinarii. hand. Quærunt, unde satis equorum suppetere potuerit Pharaoni, quum ix. 6, dicantur pecudes Ægyptiorum periisse. Sed excipiendæ sunt eæ, quæ in stabula coactæ fuerant, in quibus maxima pars equorum esse potuit. Sed quinam fuerint, qui dicuntur fuisse by super iis omnibus curribus, haud adeo certum est. Onkelos vertit: et viri fortes constituti super omnes illis. Sic et xv. 4, vertit fortes ejus. Quod sequutus Jarchi exponit duces exercituum, et Saadias: præfecti, s. duces, LXX, vocis originem respicientes reddunt Pool. With an high hand.] Either 1. Of Booth.-Suffered to be hardened. Of Pharaoh king of Egypt. So the Heb. Ged., Booth.-Of Pharaoh king of Egypt and of his servants. So the LXX. Au. Ver. And he pursued, &c. High hand. Ged. To pursue the children of Israel who were now manifestly going off. Booth. But the Israelites went out with an high hand. |