as before named. Now take a position at the patient's head, grasp his arms just above the elbows, and draw them gently (but steadily and firmly) upward, as in Fig. 3. Keep them well stretched in this position for two seconds. This movement elevates the whole ribs, enlarges the capacity of the chest, and puts the parts in a position favorable for the ingress of air. Next bend the patient's elbows, turn the arms downward, and press them gently but firmly against the sides of the chest, as in Fig. 4. Keep them in this position for two seconds, during which time the air will be pressed out of the lungs. The first or upward position of the arms is now to be resumed; and these movements are thus to be continued perseveringly at the rate of not more than fifteen times to the minute. This latter plan is called the Sylvester plan. These movements must be continued without any remission whatever; nor should such efforts cease because signs of life do not return soon.

It is not

uncommon for such efforts to prove successful at the end of two hours; and several cases are on record in which no symptoms of returning life were seen until the fourth, and even the fifth, hour of unremitting labor, and then the attendants were rewarded by the recovery of the patient.

To Restore Circulation.-The above measures are directed wholly to re storing the breath. This is the first necessity. There should be no rubbing of the surface, except gently, to dry it, while this is going on. Should the inclemency of the weather demand the removal of the patient in-doors, the above movements must be kept up, even while he is being removed; and on no account should he be taken into a warm or crowded room.

When the patient begins to breathe, commence rubbing the limbs. Rub them upward with considerable briskness and pressure. Use flannels some

what warmed; throw a quilt or blanket over the patient, and continue friction under this. Put two or three layers of warm flannel on the stomach; and warm bricks, or bottles of warm water, may be put at the feet, between the thighs, and under the arm-pits; but be very careful not to have these things too warm, or much above the temperature of the healthy body. As they get cool, replace them with others of the right warmth. As consciousness returns, give him a spoonful of weak ginger-tea every five minutes, and, as he gets stronger, use the tea stronger and in larger quantities, or give a tea of composition instead of ginger. Brandy, and other alcoholic drinks are the worst stimulants that could be given. Black pepper, red pepper, or allspice, are far better. When the pulse has been restored, encourage a dispo

sition to sleep.

Recovery Twelve Hours after Drowning.--A correspondent of the Christian Advocate sends us an account of the drowning at Osceola Mills, some five years ago, of two little boys, Willie and Charlie, aged four and six years. They were on the bank of the Big Moshanon Creek, fishing, and both fell in. They were seen by the father, near by, who hastened to their relief, but were not recovered until life was apparently extinct. Charlie was under water eight or ten minutes. The correspondent adds :

The children were carried home by the parents, a physician sent for to Philipsburgh, a distance of five miles. In the meantime a fire was made in the cook-stove, a lounge placed behind it, and Charlie placed thereon, rolled up in warm blankets, and thoroughly rubbed with brandy; brandy was also forced down his throat. The physician came, but could do nothing more than had been done. The neighbors came and went until midnight, leaving Charlie for dead. Though all others gave up the hope of restoring Charlie, the mother continued to rub him, and keep him warm until three o'clock the next morning, when he opened his eyes, and, looking his mother in the face, exclaimed, "Mamma, what am I doing here?" The accident happened about three o'clock the previous afternoon, making twelve hours from the time he was drowned until he showed life, or spoke.

How to Bring a Drowning Person to Shore. The proper method of bringing a drowning man to shore, is to approach him from behind. Seize him with your left hand by the hair, coat-collar, or shoulder. Turn him upon his back, and then place his head upon your chest, and, with your right arm free, swim upon your back to the land. (If by the left hand alone it be too difficult to turn him upon his back, apply, in addition, the right hand to his right shoulder, and the turning will be easily accomplished.) If he be conscious, encourage him, and direct him to straighten out his legs.

*

* If the drowning man be out of sight under the water, watch carefully for the rising of a bubble upon the surface; he will usually be found directly below it.

Fractures.

There are simple, compound, and comminuted fractures. When a bone is broken in one place, without any external wound, it is

a simple fracture; when there is an external wound leading down to the broken bone, it is compound; and when a bone is broken in two or more places, as when a splinter of bone is broken off, the fracture is comminuted.

As soon as the fracture is suspected, the surgeon should be summoned. He will be able at once to determine the nature and extent of the injury, and to summon to his aid one of the various appliances which have been invented for relief of patients in such an emergency. The accompanying cuts

will illustrate the construction and application of some of the most useful "splints" for fractures thus far brought to the attention of the public.

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The first splint is for the arm, the second for the leg. Both bear the highest commendation, and are in extensive use by the medical profession, and may be purchased at small cost.

* Invented by H. L. Richardson, M.D., Physician and Surgeon, West Washington Place, New York, and sold by the manufacturers, W. Pomeroy & Co., New York.

POULTICES AND THEIR APPLICATION.

General Purpose of a Poultice. The use of poultices is to promote warmth and moisture; hence those which keep warm and moist the longest are the best. They are employed in the treatment of abscesses, suppurating wounds, inflammation, and pain. In making them the attendant should have them smooth, light, and as hot as they can be made without burning in their application.

1. Bread Poultice. Cold, light wheat bread, soaked in sweet milk, makes good ones.

2. Beet Poultice.

A beet fresh from the garden, and pounded fine, makes an excellent poultice.

3. Linseed-meal Poultice. In preparing this, the basin should be scalded in which it is made. Four in boiling water, according to the size of the poultice required. Add gradually sufficient linseed-meal to form a thick paste, stirring it one way until it is of the proper consistency and smoothness; then spread it on linen or muslin, and apply it.

4. Charcoal Poultice. Take two ounces of bread in crumbs, soak for ten minutes in boiling water-say ten ounces; then mix and add gradually a half an ounce of pulverized charcoal and a half an ounce of linseed-meal, well stirred together; spread as above, and apply.

5. Chlorinated Soda Poultice is made like linseed-meal poultice; consisting of two parts of linseed-meal poultice, to one of chlorinated soda, mixed with boiling water.

6. Yeast Poultice is made by mixing a pound of flour or linseed-meal with half a pint of yeast; heat it, and stir it carefully. All poultices are made with boiling water, except yeast, and with this the temperature should not be over 100°.

7. Mustard Poultice. Take a sufficient quantity of powdered mustard to make a thin paste of the required size. It should be mixed with boiling water, with a small quantity of vinegar added, if a very strong poultice is required. Spread it on brown paper or linen, with a piece of thin muslin over it. It should be kept on from ten to twenty minutes. If the skin is very irritable afterward, a little flour should be sprinkled over it. By mixing the mustard with the white of an egg, the poultice will not cause a blister.

8. Mustard and Linseed Poultice. These poultices are often mixed with linseed-meal when a milder form is required than of mustard alone. After the use of any kind of mustard poultice, the skin should be carefully wiped with something very soft, so that no mustard be left behind. One of the best mustard poultices is the paper plaster now sold by every druggist. It is always ready, and can be carried by a traveler. It has only to be dipped in water, and applied at once.

BRIEF CURES FOR VARIOUS DISEASES.

Colds-Seven Important Remedies.-A cold, like measles or mumps, or other similar ailments, will run its course of about ten days in spite of what may be done for it, unless remedial means are employed within forty-eight hours after its inception. Many a useful life will be spared to be increasingly useful by cutting a cold "short off" before it has taken firm hold on the system. The following are safe, simple, and authenticated remedies :

1. On the first day of taking a cold there is a very unpleasant sensation of chilliness. The moment you observe this, go to your room and stay there; keep it at such a temperature as will entirely prevent this chilly feeling, even if it requires a hundred degrees of Fahrenheit. In addition, put your feet in hot water, half a leg deep, as hot as you can bear it, adding hot water from time to time for a quarter of an hour, so that the water shall be hotter when you take your feet out than when you put them in it: then dry them thoroughly, and then put on warm, thick woolen stockings, even if it be summer, for summer colds are the most dangerous; and for twenty-four hours eat not an atom of food, but drink as largely as you desire of any kinds of warm teas, and at the end of that time, if not sooner, the cold will be effectually broken without any medicine whatever.

2. Dio Lewis's remedy is the use of cold water as follows: "Eat no supper. On going to bed drink two tumblers of cold water. On rising in the morning drink freely of cold water. For breakfast eat a piece of dry bread as large as your hand. Go out freely during the morning. For dinner eat about the same as you ate at breakfast. During the afternoon take a sharp walk, or engage in some active exercise which shall produce a little perspiration. Go without your supper and retire early, drinking, before you jump into bed, as much cold water as you can swallow."

3. Many colds are from over-eating or eating gross food. Strong persons with large lungs who exercise a great deal and breathe much, can dispose of a large quantity of food, but the feeble and sedentary must eat moderately, or break down early; for this kind of a cold one preventive is worth a dozen cures, namely, cut off the supplies.

4. Dr. Paillon, of France, announces what he considers to be a new method of curing a cold in the head. It consists in inhaling through the nose the emanations of ammonia contained in a smelling-bottle. If the sense of smell is completely obliterated, the bottle should be kept under the nose until the pungency of the volatile alkali is felt. The bottle is then removed, but only to be reapplied after a minute; the second application, however, should not be long, that the patient may bear it. This easy operation being repeated seven or eight times in the course of five minutes, but always very rapidly, except the first time, the nostrils become free, the sense of smell is restored,