exasperation, and proportionable clamour, outside and inside Parliament, among the Whigs, previous to the Queen's death. And this violent Whig feeling continued after the accession of the Elector of Hanover as George I., or in 1715, when "receiving Patrick Lawless, an Irish Papist, as a Foreign Minister, and causing several sums of money to be paid to him," was 1 of the Articles of Impeachment against the Earl of Oxford, as head of the Queen's Ministry. Sir Patrick Lawless was subsequently Ambassador to France from Spain, where he likewise attained the rank of Lieutenant-General, and was Governor of the Island of Majorca. The Duke of Berwick-in whose army were the 2 battalions of his own regiment, and the battalions of Dillon and Bourke-terminated, in October, 1712, a campaign of successful manoeuvres against the Piedmontese and Imperialists. At its conclusion, he and his regiment were deprived by death of a very gallant officer, Daniel O'Carroll, previously mentioned as so distinguished under the Duke of Vendome in Italy. O'Carroll came to France with the Irish troops of King James's army, that arrived there after the Treaty of Limerick, in 1691, and served thenceforward, with the national corps to which he was attached, in all its campaigns on the Continent till the Peace of Ryswick in 1697, when he was a Lieutenant-Colonel of the Queen's Regiment of Dismounted Dragoons. He was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Regiment of Berwick, May 4th, 1698. Employed with the French army of Italy in 1701, he was at the combats of Carpi and Chiari; in 1702, at the battle of Luzzara, and reduction of Borgoforte; in 1703, at the affairs of Stradella, Castel-Nova-de-Bormida, with the force that invaded the Trentin, and at the sieges of Nago and Arco; in 1704 and 1705, he was engaged at the sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua, Chivasso, and August 16th, of the latter year, at the memorable battle of Cassano; for his very creditable conduct on which occasion, he was made, on the 30th of the same month, a Brigadier. He was present at the unfortunate siege and battle of Turin in 1706. Removed to Spain, he served there at the victory of Almanza, and capture of Lerida in 1707; and at that of Tortosa in 1708. From 1710 to 1712, he was attached to the army of Dauphiné, where he ended his honourable career with the last-mentioned campaign; being still Lieutenant-Colonel to the Regiment of Berwick. After the close of hostilities for the season between the Duke of Berwick and his Piedmontese and Imperial opponents, the Duke was ordered to raise Stahremberg's blockade of Girona; which he ably did "in the nick of time," just when the place could hold out no longer, or early in January, 1713; Stahremberg being obliged to retire precipitately from before the town, leaving in his intrenchments several cannon, with much provisions, tools, &c. Lieutenant-General Arthur Dillon, despatched, by the Duke, with some grenadiers and a good body of horse, to fall, if possible, upon the enemy's rear, picked up several stragglers as prisoners; and then attacking, at a defile, 250 men, posted there to favour the retreat of their army towards Ostalric or Hostalric, he killed, captured, or put to flight, the whole detachment, and rejoined the Duke. A French biographer of the Duke, terming this relief of Girona, "an enterprise which had appeared the more difficult, as Count Staremberg had taken all possible precaution to render impracticable the avenues of a town which he expected to reduce by famine," adds-"But all these obstacles, and all the difficulties which arose from the situation of the place, and the rigorous season of the year, were surmounted by Marshal Berwick; who, by saving a town of so great importance, did as signal a service, as he ever rendered, to the King of Spain, or the King of France." Having duly provisioned, garrisoned, and ammunitioned Girona, the Duke "set out from Catalonia, and came post to Versailles, where he arrived on the 5th of February, and was received by the King, and the whole Court, with deserved esteem, and applause." The last affair of arms in this war between Spain and Portugal occurred in the campaign of 1712, under circumstances so creditable to an Irish officer as to deserve notice here, though that gentleman was not in the Irish Brigade. Notwithstanding the negociations for peace at Utrecht, no truce having taken place by September between the 2 Peninsular kingdoms, the Marquis de Bay, (styled "the scourge of the Portuguese,') appeared, on the 28th, with nearly 20,000 men before Campo Mayor in Portugal, and broke ground, October 4th-5th; the place being then in anything but a condition to make a suitable resistance. As, however, it was of the utmost consequence to preserve it, the Count de Ribeira, and a gallant French Protestant engineer officer, Brigadier de Massé, contrived, a day or 2 after, to make their way into the town with 200 or 300 Portuguese grenadiers, and 400 or 500 more Portuguese subsequently succeeded in doing so likewise, under an Irish officer, Major-General Hogan-apparently the same "M. Hogan, Irlandois," Lieutenant-Colonel in the Bavarian Guards, tried by Court Martial in 1706 at Mons, for killing a Captain and countryman of his own in a duel, and hence, most probably, obliged to enter another service. Having assumed the command of the garrison, the Major-General took due measures for the defence. After battering and bombing the place from October 14th with 33 cannon or mortars, the Marquis de Bay ordered a grand assault to be made on the 27th, in the morning, by 15 battalions, 32 companies of grenadiers, and a regiment of dismounted dragoons, under Lieutenant-General Zuniga. "By the help of a prodigious fire from their cannon and small arms," observes my English narrative of the "Compleat History of Europe" for 1712, with respect to the enemy," they made a descent into a part of the ditch that was dry, and gave 3 assaults with a great deal of fury; but they were as bravely repulsed by the Portuguese under Major-General Hogan, and forced to retire after an obstinate fight that lasted 2 hours, though the breach was very practicable, and so wide, that 30 men might stand abreast in it. Their disorder was so great, that they left most of their armis and 6 ladders behind. This action cost them 700 men killed and wounded, whereas the Portuguese loss did not amount to above 100 men killed, and 187 wounded; and such was their ardour, that they pursued the enemy into their very trenches without any manner of order, notwithstanding the endeavours used by Major-General Hogan to put a stop to them, which might have proved very fatal to them, if the enemy had had courage to improve the opportunity." The Spaniards next day Maffei's Memoirs. The O'Hogans were a sept located about Ballyhogan, County of Tipperary; and the name was respectable in the County of Clare, &c. During the War of the Revolution in Ireland, they supplied officers of the ranks of Captain, Lieutenant, and Ensign, or Cornet, to the Jacobite regular army, in the infantry Regiments of Dorrington, Mountcashel, Bagnall, Grace, and in Lord Clare's Dragoons. But the most remarkable representative of the race, in that contest, was the famous Captain of mounted irregulars, guerillas, or rapparees, known as "galloping Hogan." raised this siege, stated to have cost them altogether 3000 killed and wounded, to only about 400 Portuguese; a cessation of hostilities took place a few days after; and for such an honourable conclusion of this war was Portugal indebted to the gallantry of a Hogan, as, a century after, for the successful termination of a greater contest, to the discipline of a Beresford, and the generalship of a Wellington. The Emperor Charles VI. of Austria not having acceded to the general peace concluded with France at Utrecht, in April, 1713, and having collected his forces along the Rhine under Prince Eugene of Savoy, to continue the war, Louis XIV. placed under the Marshal de Villars, assisted by the Marshal de Besons, such a powerful army as might reduce the Teutonic Kaiser of the so-called Holy Roman Empire to reason. "Still, Cæsar, wilt thou tread the paths of blood? Wilt thou, thou singly, hate thy country's good? * * Give o'er at length, and let thy labours cease, Holding Eugene in check, at the lines of Etlingen, and about Muhlberg, Villars, in June, laid siege to the strong and well-garrisoned fortress of Landau, which, after 56 days of open trenches, he compelled to capitulate, in August. Meantime, Eugene, though unable to attempt the relief of Landau, and obliged to remain about the lines of Etlingen, caused General Vaubonne to occupy, with 17,000 or 18,000 men, and a sufficient artillery, 2 lines of such well-constructed intrenchments in the difficult country leading to the fortress of Friburgh, that, it was considered, Villars, if not repulsed before them, could only carry them with a loss of half his infantry; the 2nd line, in particular, of those intrenchments having been so strong by nature and by art, that, we are told, 4000 determined men behind them might have arrested the progress of 50,000 opponents. But Vaubonne's troops, on being attacked, September 20th, about 7 in the evening, by Villars, behaved so disgracefully, that the Marshal captured the whole of their works, with a loss mentioned as no more than 60 men of all ranks, killed, or wounded! The French, by the end of the month, broke ground before Friburgh; which, having had a Governor, garrison, &c., suited to its importance, made a very stubborn and sanguinary defence, until forced to surrender, about the middle of November. These conquests of Villars, which opened the way for more extensive acquisitions by the French arms in Germany, obliged the Austrian Court, and its deservedly-humiliated General, Eugene of Savoy,* to desist from their unfeeling prolongation of human misery and bloodshed after a war of so many years, and to enter upon negociations for a peace with France, which was concluded the following year. The chief Irish officers, who served under the Marshal de Villars, in 1713, were Lieutenant-General Andrew Lee, (accompanied by his son, For the amiable object of preventing, if possible, the conclusion of the Peace of Utrecht, Eugene had been over in England; and his presence at London was proportionably welcome to the Whigs, who were, like himself and Marlborough, for going on with a war, which had certainly become unnecessary. So his mortified Highness met with no more success, as a negociator there, than, as a commander, against Villars, elsewhere. U |