hostile Continental narrative observes-"It is testified of the Guards of King James, that they have performed their duty perfectly well, as did likewise the Irish regiments who were present there." The Irish officer, who fell on this occasion, in the first onset, was Matthias Barnewall, 10th Lord Trimleston.* The family name, written in old documents, De Berneval, Bernevale, and Barnevale, first appears, as of feudal distinction in Basse Bretagne, connected with the Dukes of Bretague, and was of high repute there, down to the Revolution in France. The earliest representative of the race in England is to be found upon the rolls of her French conquerors, under the Duke of Normandy. After the subjugation and planting of England from France, and the extension of the Norman arms to Ireland under Henry II., the 1st of the De Bernevals who emigrated there acquired large possessions, from whom sprang several eminent houses, under the anglicized designation of Barnewalls, or Barnwells. The 1st of the Barnewalls, created a Peer in Ireland, was Robert, 2nd son of Sir Christopher Barnewall of Crickston, County of Meath; which Robert was ennobled, in March, 1461, by Edward IV., as Lord Baron of Trymleston, in that County. The 2nd of the Barnewalls similarly honoured was Nicholas Barnewall, Esq. of Turvey, County of Dublin, made Viscount Kingsland, in said County, and Baron of Turvey in 1645-6 by Charles I. The representatives of both these noble houses, with others of their name, adhered to King James II. against the Prince of Orange, as previously to Kings Charles I. and Charles II. against the Parliamentarian and Cromwellian revolutionists; the Barnewalls having been officers of the Jacobite or national army in the Duke of Tyrconnell's, Lord Galmoy's, and Colonel Henry Luttrell's Regiments of Horse, in Lord Dongan's and Colonel Simon Luttrell's Regiments of Dragoons, in Colonel William Dorrington's, Lord Gormanstown's, Lord Slane's, Lord Westmeath's and Colonel Charles O'More's Regiments of Foot. During the century, also, from the British and Irish Revolution under James II., to the French Revolution under Louis XVI., there were Barne walls officers in the Irish Brigade. Matthias, 10th Lord Trimleston,-eldest son of Robert, 9th Lord Trimleston, by Margaret, daughter of Sir John Dongan, Baronet, and sister of Williani, Earl of Limerick-had fought for King James in Ireland, and was a Lieutenant in the Duke of Berwick's Troop of Guards, when slain, as above mentioned, in action against the Germans, being then not more than 20 years of age.

The Irish appointed, in 1692, to reinforce the Marshal Duke de Lorges in Germany, did not join him, till late in the summer. The French and German armies then, or in September, were separated by the Spirebach, which flowed through Spire. The Germans raised a battery near the tower of Spire, as if meditating an attack in that quarter; but, meanwhile, marching troops, on their right, through a wood, to seize upon the village of Dudenhoven, where there was a passage over the river. They established 4 battalions of Swedes there, with 3 pieces of cannon. To cut off the main body of the French troops, and that, under the Marquis de Feuquieres, stationed amidst the ruins of Spire, the enemy only required to gain the tower of Dudenhoven, which was but a carabineshot from that village, and where there was a bridge over a branch of

"Il n'y a eu aucun officier tué de nôtre part, sinon Mylord Tremblestown. Irlandois, qui fut tué à la prémiere charge."

the stream, otherwise impassable. There, however, they were prevented crossing by an Irish battalion, which kept their superior numbers at skirmishing distance. This gave time for the whole of the French to come up, and range their infantry in a well-covered position, extending from Spire beyond Dudenhoven; a brisk cannonade and musketry taking place between both armies. Half an hour before night, the Allies advanced towards the post of the Marquis de Feuquieres on the right, where the firing became so lively, that the Marshal de Lorges, with most of his General Officers, hastened there; while the Marquis de Villars was sent to the left, to guard against an attack on that side. There the Irish battalions, that had come up from Brisach a little before the action, advanced most opportunely; bore, with such bravery, the fire to which they were exposed, as to signalize themselves greatly; before troops, destined for their support, reached them, silenced the hostile musketry; and compelled the enemy, after a considerable resistance, to quit the church and castle of Dudenhoven, abandoning their dead. There were 2 Swedish battalions, in particular, (though the Swedes still ranked among the best troops in Europe,) so bewildered by the fire they had to encounter, that they flung down their arms, and ran away in great disorder, as testified by the prisoners taken, and by the number of drums, chevaux-de-frise, &c., left behind. Next day, the Germans retreated, with a loss variously reported, but certainly much larger than that of the French; among whose killed and wounded, likewise variously reported, were" 2 Irish officers." The British historian Ralph notices, how "a part of the Irish troops, by the Articles of Limerick so liberally made over to the service of France, behav'd extremely well, on this occasion." And, from the important portion of the position, occupied by the Irish, and their defence of that position, it is sufficiently evident by inference, though not directly affirmed in the French accounts, that to those Irish, in all probability, the preservation of the French army was owing.

On the side of Italy, or Piedmont, the campaign of 1692 was one of defence with the French under Catinat, whose army, (as not duly reinforced, in order to strengthen that of Flanders,) was but 16,000 men; the Duke of Savoy, between his own Piedmontese and Vaudois troops, and his Spanish, Austrian, and other confederates, having, on the contrary, above 50,000. As Louis XIV., moreover, preferred risking even a hostile invasion of France to a loss of Pignerol or Susa, Catinat could only intrench himself between those fortresses; while the Allies, leaving a sufficient corps to watch him, and a smaller corps to blockade Casal, were able, under the Duke of Savoy himself, the famous Prince Eugene,

"Il y avoit un pont sur le bras du même ruisseau, qui étoit impraticable par tout: mais M. de la Breteche y arriva assez heureusement, avec 5 or 6 officiers, pour sauver ce poste, où il établit un bataillon Irlandois, ce qui ne se passa pas sans escarmouche. Cela donna le tems aux troupes, que conduisoit M. d'Uxelles, d'arriver, et enfin à toute l'armée."

+ "Les bataillons Irlandois, qui avoient em embarquez à Brisac, et qui arriverent un peu avant l'action, essuierent, avec beaucoup de bravoure, le feu des ennemis, et s'y signalerent."-"Les bataillons Irlandois, qui venoient d'arriver, firent un grand feu. On marcha pour les soûtenir, et on trouva que le prémier feu étoit fini. Les ennemis abandonnerent l'eglise et le château de Dudenhoven avec précipitation, n'aiant pas retiré leurs morts," &c.—“Les bataillons Irlandois, qui arriverent à propos dans ce tems, firent un très-grand feu, et obligerent les ennemis, après une assez longue resistance, d'abandonner l'eglise et le château de Dudenhouen."

Charles, Duke of Schonberg, (son of the old Marshal, slain at the Boyne,) and other leaders of eminence, to penetrate into Dauphiné, with above 28,000 men, through unsuspected passes, pointed out by the Vaudois. The 1st place, which ventured to resist the invaders, was a little town, named Guillestre, having, indeed, a wall, but neither a fosse, nor outworks, and apparently so inadequate to oppose the force brought against it, that Prince Eugene accompanied his summons to surrender with a threat of no quarter, if the least resistance should be attempted. This menace not being attended to, Eugene ordered an immediate assault; by way of carrying such a place sword in hand, as a matter of course. But, says that Prince's historian, " M. de Chalandreu, a gentleman of the country, commanded there 200 Irish, and 600 men of the militia of Dauphiné;" and this "Chalandreu, who was a brave man, animated his band so well, and the Irish defended themselves with so much bravery, that the troops commanded to escalade the wall were repulsed." The assailants had from 60 to 90 men killed or wounded; no loss being mentioned on the side of the defenders. The place, whose only chance of being maintained, for any considerable time, would have arisen from an impossibility of conveying a sufficient battering-train across the mountains from Coni, was held for 3 days against the enemy, (when, to delay him was so important,) and did not surrender, until the arrival of such a siege-train, as rendered any further resistance unavailable. The Allies next proceeded to attack Embrun, into which the Marquis de Larré threw himself with 3000 men, a portion of them Irish of the Regiment of Clare; and, though the town was not regularly fortified, the Marquis defended it from the 5th to the 15th of August; quitting it only on most honourable terms, after occasioning a loss to the besiegers, differently reported at from 600 or 700 to 1300 or 1400 men; of whom there was a very unusual proportion of great officers wounded; Prince Eugene himself included. This much will suffice for the defence of Embrun, since, although a gallant feat of arms, in which Irish troops were concerned, yet I find no particulars of what they did there, as distinguished from their French fellow-soldiers. The Allies retired into Italy at the end of September, after extensively ravaging and plundering the French territory; which would, however, have suffered to a still greater extent, but for the interruptions to their advance, given at Guillestre and Embrun.

The principal event, in 1693, of the war in Flanders, was the battle of Landen, otherwise Neerwinden, or Neerhespen, fought, July 29th, between the Marshal Duke of Luxembourg and William III. The force of the Marshal amounted to 96 battalions, 210 squadrons, and 70 pieces of cannon. The force of the King amounted to 65 battalions, 150 squadrons, and 80 pieces of cannon, besides mortars, or howitzers. William compensated himself for his numerical inferiority in men by the superiority of his position. It had the well-secured villages of Neerwinden and Neerlanden on the right and left; the intervening ground was generally a commanding eminence, which afforded great advantage for the play of his artillery upon the French; and this eminence was, moreover, intrenched in front of his infantry, so as to place an enemy, marching up to attack, under a very considerable disadvantage. The contest lasted from 4 in the morning till 3 in the afternoon, or 11 hours. The generally determined and destructive resistance of the Allies, to the greater numbers and fiery perseverance of the French, was well

exemplified at the time by a commemorative medal, having, on one side, William's bust and name; on the other side, a porcupine, keeping, with his prickly quills erected, 2 bull-dogs at bay; the motto being, "Never provoked unrevenged." A contemporary letter, in the Rawdon Papers, asserts of this battle-"While the stress of the business lay on the foot, and the Spanish horse, we lost not 1 foot of ground; but, as soon as the Dutch horse came to be pushed, they gave way in less than 2 minutes, and put all in confusion. I am sorry to tell you, some of the English horse made as much haste to preserve their dear persons, as any body there." The letter then indignantly attributes the loss of the day to "the damned misfortune of those devils giving way;" and the Williamite historian Oldmixon adds, that, "of the English Life Guards, the 1st Troop were so scar'd with the fury of a pursuing enemy, that they did not think themselves secure, till they reach'd Breda." * The Allies were driven, from their entire position, across the Geete; suffering severely ere they could pass it, though subsequently able to effect their retreat, for the most part, respectably, or in a body. Among the confused and terrified multitude, who, to escape the French, had rushed into the river, where above 2000 of them were drowned, was William's late Commander in Ireland, Ginkell, created for his success (through such very superior means) there, Earl of Athlone, and enriched with a due share of confiscated Jacobite estates; but who, in this less fortunate situation at Landen, was only so far lucky, as to narrowly extricate himself from a watery grave. Luxembourg's loss was estimated, by the Duke of Berwick, as at least 8000 men; William's loss was finally owned in the London Gazette, No. 2897, as 10,473 men of all rauks, killed, wounded, or taken; though other accounts, by General Officers in the action, say several thousands more; and the French published, that they captured 84 pieces of Allied artillery, with 82 colours or standards, besides drums and pontoons.

The leading corps of Irish infantry, that of Dorrington, or the Royal Regiment of Foot Guards, was with the French at this victory. Its station is marked, in the 2nd line of the centre of Luxembourg's "ordre de bataille," as with the Brigade of Harbouville, consisting of 5 battalions; 3 French, or those of La Marche, Charolois, and Harbouville, and the “Gardes du Roi Jaques" forming the remaining 2. To these Guards, a gentleman of high respectability in the County of Cork, Colonel John Barrett, was attached, in the capacity of a 2nd officer of that rank. His family name, as spelled "Baret" and "Barret," is to be seen in 2 lists of the original French conquerors of England, under the Duke of Normandy; and, after the descendants of those subjugators of the Anglo-Saxons effected settlements further west at the expense of the Gaels of Erin, a district was acquired, yet known, in the County of Cork,

Concerning the cowardice among the Allied cavalry here, a Dutch periodical further informs us-"The King of Great Britain, after having caused the conduct of the troops that have fought at Neerwinden to be carefully examined, and having found that 4 regiments of cavalry had not done their duty, caused the troopers to draw lots, and the lot having fallen upon 3 of each regiment, they were shot to death,"

+In Quincy's sheet of Luxembourg's army, the printer having had to contract "Gardes du Roi Jaques" into "Gardes du R. J.," a misprint occurred of "D" for "J." This has occasioned Mr. O'Conor, who did not read behind Quincy, to allege, "there was no Irish corps in Luxembourg's army." I correct these errors from 2 contemporary Continental documents, an "Ordre" and a "Liste" of Luxembourg's army in Julv. 1693. both of which give the words “Gardes du Roi Jaques," &c.

as the Barony of Barrets, consisting of above 26,280 acres. When the great Aodh or Hugh O'Neill, marching to the siege of Kinsale in 1600, as he passed by Castlemore, near Mallow, asked, "Who lives in that castle?" he was answered, "Barrett, a good Catholic, whose family has possessed that estate above 400 years.' Colonel John Barrett, as the chief representative of his name, sat, after the breaking out of the War of the Revolution in Ireland, as 1 of the Members for the Borough of Mallow, in the national Parliament of 1689; and raised a Regiment of foot for King James II., which he commanded during that contest. He was, in 1690, Military Governor of Waterford, with his own and another regiment of foot, when, in consequence of the advance of the Williamites thither after their success at the Boyne, he had to surrender the town; stipulating, however, to march away with his garrison, their arms, baggage, and a military escort, to the County of Cork. His regiment being subsequently a portion of the Jacobite garrison of Cork, on its reduction by Marlborough, he was 1 of a number of prisoners placed on board the Breda man-of-war, in the harbour there, to be conveyed to England. At the destruction of that vessel, by the accidental igniting of its powdermagazine, he had the good fortune to be among some who escaped, by being merely blown into the shallow water, near the shore. Upon the conclusion, in 1691, of the war in Ireland, by the Treaty of Limerick, the Colonel was among the principal estated gentlemen who decided on going to France, where, as has been observed, he was appointed to serve, in his former rank, along with the Royal Regiment of Foot Guards. On this occasion at Landen, the Brigade of Harbouville suffered much from the fire of troops, so well intrenched, and so obstinate in defence, as its Allied opponents were. Indeed, it is admitted, that, to a comparatively late period of the day, Luxembourg "repented, more than once, for having engaged in a combat, the success of which appeared so doubtful!" At last, in that part of the field where the Brigade of Harbouville was appointed to act, the Irish "Gardes du Roi Jaques," distinguished as in their own country against Ginkell and his Allied force at Aughrim, † and duly animated by the signal intrepidity of Colonel Barrett as a leader, obtained a glorious revenge for the reverses of the Boyne and Limerick, by being the 1st corps to make an opening into the Williamite intrenchment, through which their French companions-in-arms followed -this honourable success, however, having been purchased by the death of the brave Colonel Barrett. The gallant Lieutenant-Colonel of the

The Williamite "attainders of 1691," according to Mr. Dalton, "include this officer, described as John Barrett of Dublin, Esq., as also of Castlemore, County of Cork, with 12 others," in that county, for confiscation, as Jacobite loyalists.

+ The Allied or mixed national composition of the Williamite army in Ireland, for the War of the Revolution, is regimentally shown further on, in a note under the year 1698. Adverting to this mixed composition of it, a Jacobite rhymer boasts of his countrymen, that, but for Luttrell's treachery,

"All the Allies could not them subdue !"

And, in mentioning "the_English" at Aughrim, the contemporary Jacobite historian, Plunkett, adds-"I mean, under the word English, the Forraigners also, who were the better moyety of the army"-alluding to the Dutch, Danes, and Huguenots, as contrasted with the English and Anglo-Irish, of Ginkell's 50 regiments there. On the Jacobite right wing, the last obliged to yield, and only through the result of events elsewhere, even the Dublin Williamite account refers to "the opposition made by the Royal Regiment of Foot so called," or, in other words, the King's Foot Guards.

The Light to the Blind states, respecting the Irish Foot Guards, and Colonel