with the utmoft feftivity. This is a jubilee which British tars never fail to commemorate, whatever part of the globe they may happen to be in at the time.

We failed from Saugur with the convoy, which we accompanied till abreaft of the Andaman iflands; when we hauled off to the eastward, and left them to purfue their voyage.

We paffed between the Andaman and Carnicobar iflands, clofe to the fouthern extremity of the latter, with feveral other lands in fight, all having a dreary and inhofpitable appearance; the winds nearly due caft, with fine weather, but (as in the vicinity of moit islands) fqually at intervals. The next day ran clofe paft Tolonga, which is of confiderable height, but in other refpects fimilar to the reit of the Necobars.

We this day had a view of Pulo-Rondo, Pulo-Way, and the high land of Sumatra, about Acheen head. We now experienced little elfe than a fucccifion of violent fqualls of wind, with deluges of rain; in the night, thunder and light ning in an awful degree.

It was not till the 21ft of January that we could reach Pulo Penang, or Prince of Wales's Iiland, fituated at the entrance of the ftraits of Malacca, and two or three miles diftant from the Malay coaft. A party of us went to fee, the day after our arrival at the ifland, a very beautiful little waterfall, about fix miles from the town.

We started from the town at daybreak, and rode a few miles through pepper plantations, groves of the cocoanut, betel, &c. highly delighted with the fragrance of the air, which at this time of the day is ftrongly impregnated with the grateful odours that rife along with the exhaling dews, from the trees, thrubs, and flowers. At the foot of the mountain, however, we were obliged to difmount, and proceed on foot up a winding path, that led through a foreft of trees of the moft gigantic fize, and which, by meeting over head, almoft excluded the day; involving us in a kind of pleafing gloom, the effect of which was heightened by the diftant noife of the waterfall.

"I hear the din Of waters thund'ring o'er the ruin'd cliffs. What folemn twilight, what ftupendous fhades, Enwrap these infant floods-Through ev'ry

nerve

A facred horror thrills.-A pleafing fear Glides o'er my frame.-The forest deepens round;

And, more gigantic ftill, th' impending trees Stretch their extravagant arms athwart the gloom."-Armfirong.

The latter part of our journey was fteep, rugged, and narrow, and fo overfhadowed with the thick woods, that we could fee nothing of the fall until we came to the bafon into which the water tumbles: all at once then this little fairv glen opened to our view, and difplayed a flender and beautiful cafcade of water, clear as cryftal, and iffuing (as it were) from the middle of a little tuft of trees, about 200 feet above our heads. The ftream is twice intercepted in its defcent by thin ledges of rock that run acrofs the fall, and, by fplitting it in thinner fleets of water, add greatly to the beauty of the cafcade. It at length precipitates into a bafon of folid rock, from one fide of which it glides off into a steep and rugged channel, that forms a feries of other little cafcades all the way down to the foot of the mountain.

The bafon is bounded on each fide by craggy precipices, whofe brows are overhung with lofty pines, fome of which have occafionally given way, and their trunks are feen lying in various directions at the bottom, being fplit and torn by the fall.

After enjoying our little cold collation in this romantic fpot, and bathing in its cool and refrefling waters, we reluctantly took our departure, and retraced our fteps back to the town; admiring the beautiful natural fcenery of this ifland.

On the morning of the 24th January we weighed and made fail once more for Bengal. As the north-eaft monfoon was now in its height, we were obliged to keep along the Malay coaft, which is high, and much diverfified in its outline features from the great variety of forms which the mountains affume. The next day (25th) paffed Pulo Buton, (26th) Pulo Sayer, and on the 29th defcried the eaft Andaman.

On the fame evening we got fight of Barren, or Volcano Ifland, which at this time was burning very fiercely, the cruptions taking place every eight or ten minutes, with a hollow rumbling noife.

This is a fall circular island, lying almoft in fight of the eaft Andainan, between that and the Malay coaft: it appears to be a perfect cinder, or at least covered in every part with lava, without the smallest veftige of vegetation; it is of confiderable height, and the volcanic opening or crater is in the centre of the ifland. We paffed within little more

than

than a mile of it; and, as the winds were trifling, we obferved the eruptions for three days and nights fucceffively.

The inhabitants of thefe iflands (Andamans) are a moft wretched race of mortals; they go entirely naked, live principally upon fifh, and 'tis faid are canibals when they can procure human Aleth.

For the Monthly Magazine.

NEGLECTED BIOGRAPHY.

EDWARD JORDEN, M.D.
HIS learned phyfician was born of a

Tgood family at High Halden, Kent, and after receiving a preparatory education, was removed to Hart-hall, Oxford, where be ftudied fometime, but without taking a degree. Having chofen phyfic for his profeilion, he went abroad and vifited different universities, particularly Padua, then the most famous medical school in Europe. He there took his doctor's degree in that faculty, and returning to his native country was admitted a member of the royal college of phyficians. He fettled at firft in London, and became very diftinguished in his profeffion: but having a great inclination to mineral works, fays his biographer, he was at great charges about the making of alum, which not fucceeding according to expectation, he was thereby much injured in his eftate. He was much refpected by King James, who committed the Queen to his care when the made ufe of the Bath waters. The fame monarch alfo employed him in another cafe, which is curious enough to deserve notice in this place. A young woman in the country was troubled with fuch unaccountable fymptoms, as caused a report to be spread abroad that he was bewitched. James had great faith in the doctrine of Demonology, and wrote a ponderous book in its defence againft Reginald Scott, and other fceptical writers on that fubject. This circumftance, therefore, afforded him an opportunity of proving the truth of his politions. By his orders the poffelled perfon was brought up to London, and placed under the obfervation and care of Dr. Jorden, who, by giving her Limple things without any thing of a medicinal nature, and by other means, difcovered the cheat, which he reported to the King. The girl was at firft very unwilling to difciofe the juggle, but after fome threats and promifes, the confefied that "fometime before there happened a difference between a female neigh

bour of her father's and himfelf, and having in his own apprehenfion, no better way to be avenged of her than this, he impioutly caufed his daughter, on the receiving of the facrament, to engage to imitate one bewitched, and afcribe it to that woman, which she did, and acted this part in fo exact and wonderful a manner, that the deceived all the country where the lived, who thought it to be a truth. After which confeffion the was very quiet, and the king giving her a portion, the married, and thus was cured of her mimicai witchery."

After practifing fome time in London, Dr. Jorden removed to Bath, where he lived many years enjoying the " applaufe of the learned, the refpect of the rich, the prayers of the poor, and the love of all."

He married the daughter of a gentleman named Jordan, in Wiltshire, the account of which marriage being very fingular, I fhall give it in my author's own words.

"The Doctor being on a journey benighted on Salisbury plain, and knowing not which way to ride, happened to meet a fhepherd, of whom he made enquiry what places were near, where he might have entertainment for that night: the fhepherd telling him there was no place near enough for him conveniently to reach in any feafonable time, the Doctor alked what gentleman lived thereabouts; the fhepherd replied, there was one Mr. Jordan not far off, a man of good quality, and a great eftate. Presently the Doctor (looking on this as a good omen) refolved on his houfe; where he was fo kindly entertained, and fo well accepted, that Mr. Jordan, understanding him to be a bachelor, beftowed his daughter on him, with a confiderable fortune."

By his lady he had four children. Edward the elder was an entign in the attack on the ifle of Rhé, where he was flain, "making his colours his winding-fheet." His eldest daughter was married to Mr. Thomas Benford, an apothecary at Batr, and mayor of the city: the others died young.

Dr. Jorden died of the ftone and gout in 1632, aged 63, and was buried in the Abbey church at Bath. His works are, 1. "A Brief Difcourfe, called the Suffocation of the Mother," &c. London, 1603, 4to. 2. "A Difcourfe of Naturai Baths, and Mineral Waters; wherein the original of Fountains in general is declared. The Nature and Difference

of Minerals, with Examples of particular Baths. The Generation of Minerals in the Earth, from whence both the actual heat of Baths, and their Virtues proceed. By what Means Mineral Waters are to be difcovered. And laftly, of the Nature and Ufes of Batbs, but efpecially of our Baths at Bathe, in Somertetthire," 4to. 1631. Again in 1632, and revifed and corrected by Dr. Guidott in 1669, 8vo.-This is a performance of no ordinary ingenuity, and evinces, for the period, great chemical and mineralogical knowledge. From the preface to the lait mentioned edition, the above particulars are taken.

THOMAS GUIDOTT, M.D., mentioned in the preceding account, was defcended from a noble family at Florence. His anceflor, Antonio Guidotti, caine to England about the year 1548, and received from King Edward VI. the honour of knighthood. The fubject of the present article was born at Lyning ton, in Hampthire, in 1638, and was educated at Dorchefter grammar-school,from whence he removed to Wadham college, Oxford, in 1656. He there took his degrees in arts, and entered on the ftudy of phyfic, in which faculty he took his bachelor's degree in 1666, with license to practife. The year following he fettled at Bath, where he was greatly encouraged by an eminent phylician there, Dr. John Maplet, to whom he afterwards dedicated in a very respectful and grateful manner, his Difcourfe concerning the Antiquity, &c. of Bath, appended to his edition of Dr. Jorden's book abovementioned. But according to Wood, (Athen. Oxon. II. 1101,) Guidott's practice at Bath decaying, occafioned by his impudence, lampooning, and libelling, he left that place in 1679, and retired to London." In 1671 he performed his exercife at Oxford for the degree of doctor of phyfic, but it does not appear that he ever completed it.

Wood, who gives him a very bad moral character, fays that he was a perfon of good parts, well verfed in Greek and Latin, and intelligent in his profeition.

.

The fame author alfo fays that he had two offers, one to fettle at Copenhagen under Bartholine, and the other of a profetforfhip of phylic at Venice, both of which he declined.

Befides the piece already noticed, he wrote "Some Enquiries into the Nature of the Water of St. Vincent's Rock, near Bristol, and that of Caftle-Cary :""Account of the Lives and Characters

of the phyficians of Bath, from 1598 to 1676:"- "Obfervationes Hydroftaticæ, Chromaticæ et Mifcellanea, uniufcujufque Balnei apud Bathoniam, naturam, proprietatem, and diftinctionem, curatius exhiberes," &c. &c.-When he died is not certain, but he was living in 1690.

SILAS TITUS.

This writer, who made the ufurper Cromwell tremble, was born at Buthy in Hertfordshire. In 1637 he became a Commoner of Chrift Church, Oxford, where he continued about three years, and then removed to one of the inus of court; but the great rebellion breaking out, he entered at firft into the parlia mentary fervice and became a captain. When the king's caufe, however, declined, and he faw which way the indepen dents were going, Titus adhered to his fovereign, and was with the commiffioners appointed by parliament to his Majefty at Newcastle, and afterwards at Holdenby. The King being feized at that place and carried off by Cornet Joyce, the commiffioners fent him with an exprefs to the parliament in June, 1647, to acquaint them of the affair, for which fervice the parliament gave him fifty pounds to buy a horfe. After the death of Charles the First, he became groom of the bedchamber to his fucceffor, whom he followed into Scotland, and ferved under him as colonel at the battle of Worcester. Titus had the good luck to escape after that action, and lived retired. In 1657 he printed by ftealth at London, a fmall tract in quarto, under the name of William Allen, entitled "Killing no Murder;" in which he proved that it was not only lawful, but highly honourable to flay the ufurper. Nay, he went fo far as to advife Cromwell to kill himself, " very fairly giving him his choice of hanging, drowning, or piftolling," which frightened Oliver exceedingly, and great pains were taken to find out the real author, but without effect. This finall piece at its firft coming out was fold for five thillings, though the ordinary price of fuch tracts was but fixpence.

At the Reftoration, Colonel Titus was elected into parliament for Loftwithiel, in Cornwall. He oppofed the preroga tive in 1678, on the occation of Oates's plot, for which he loft his place at court, The year following he was chofen knight of the fire for the county of Huntingdon, and in that parliament he zealously spoke against the duke of York.

Notwithstanding this he was introduced to that prince when he was James the

Second,

Second, and kiffed his hand. He is faid allo to have undertaken a work, reconmending the "repeal of the Teft and Penal Laws, as the greatest happiness that could befal the nation, and a bulwark againft popery." For this he was fworn in a member of James's Privy Council, and upon the abdication of that monarch, Titus alfo thought proper to abfent himfelf. But foon after the Revolution, he again appeared on the political stage as member of parliament for Ludlow. His election was oppofed, but confirmed by a committee of the Houfe of Commons in 1690. Colonel Titus died at the clofe of the feventeenth century. Befides his tract abovementioned, which is written in a remarkably vigorous style, feveral fpeeches of his are in print; and he affifted Dr. Perimchief in his History of Charles the First, particularly with refpect to the two last years of that monarch's eventful life.

For the Monthly Magazine. ACCOUNT of the extraordinary EFFECTS of a late EARTHQUAKE in CALABRIA, illuftrated by a cOPPER-PLATE.

It is generally known with how much Tis generally known with how much

Dolomieu have defcribed the earthquakes that have so often defolated Calabria; but neither of them has fuper-added engravings, fo as to facilitate the comprehenfion of the defcriptions given in their works. This deficiency I have endeavoured to fupply, by giving a fketch, taken on the spot, about feven years after that dreadful event. When travelling through Calabria, I was ftruck with the appearance of the enormous maffes of matter which had been difplaced, as well as with the variety of their forms, and their perfect prefervaMONTHLY MAG. No. 153.

tion. I there beheld the exact resemblance of thofe mountains, the principal foring of which, feveral naturalifts, and parti cularly Deluc, attribute to the effect of fimilar occurrences, while others af cribe them, but in my opinion errone oufly, to the erofion of water. Hence I conceived, it might prove useful to give an outline of thefe maffes, which though not of equal magnitude as the nountains in queftion, have nevertheless affumed, under our own eyes, forins, fimilar to theirs.

The object of the prefent Memoir is not to explain, by such events, all the caufes of the inequalities of our globe, which are perhaps principally attributable to cryftallization, and other circumftances; I conceive, however, I may be able to fhow, that the original inequalities of the earth have not only been greatly modified by the finkings and difruption of its furface, but that many of them have been actually produced, either while the parts were in the act of confolidation, or after they had attained their complete confiftence. Secondary rocks, and efpecially thofe of a still more recent date, afford frequent illuftrations of this truth.

This was alfo the opinion formed by Dolomieu, when, a few years after having vifited Calabria, he travelled over the Alps. This celebrated geologift has fince frequently mentioned to me in converfation, that he had obferved nothing which more fatisfactorily explained the fantaftic forms often affumed by mountains, the unequal inclination of their ftrata, and the diffimilarity between the angles of great vallies, than the above theory.

In order to form a correct judgment on the present subject, it is neceffary to enter into fome details, and particularly to recall to mind the principal facts which we owe to this enlightened philofopher. It muft, doubtlefs, be difcovered, after an attentive perufal of these obfervations, that my pencil has failed to convey an adequate idea of the subject; if however my feeble efforts can contribute to fix, in the memory, a few important phænomena, they may not prove wholly useless.

It ought to be premifed, that Dolomieu did not difcover the fmallest traces of volcanoes in any of the countries which had fuffered by earthquakes. He neither beheld lava, tufa, fcoriæ, nor bitumens of any kind.

Dolomien obferves, that in the contiD nutation

nuation of the bafe of many primitive mountains in Calabria, there are found fucceffive ftrata, compofed of quartzy fand, pebbles, white argill, grains of feldfpath, and mica, as if formed by depofition. Thefe ftrata, which have originated from the decompofition of granite, and are intermixed with fhells, and fragments of marine bodies, appear to have been depofited by the fea. Thefe depofitions, at firtt horizontal from north to fouth, and with an inclination from eaft to weft, have afterwards been feparated, either by the currents of the fea itself, or by fuperior torrents, and have formed that fucceffion of hills, vallies, and plains, which terminate in a low thore. On this moveable bafis, is a bed of black or redcoloured argillaceous vegetable earth, from two to five feet in thickness, extremely compact and tenacious, forming a kind of cruit which contributes to give, a fmall degree of folidity to the foil. It has been hollowed out by copious rains, into deep furrows, and gorges, which are fometimes fix hundred feet in depth. Their banks are precipitous, and almoft vertical like walls, becaufe the fuperior ftratum, being bound together by roots, retains the fuper-incumbent foil.

It refults from general examination, that granite conftitutes the bafe of nearly all Calabria; and that under this apparently immoveable bafis, is fituated the focus of the earthquakes to which it is fo liable.

Dolomieu, when fpeaking of the effects produced by the principal fhock of the earthquake which occurred on the 5th of February, 1783, and only lafted two minutes, defcribes them in the following manner:

"I cannot better explain thefe effects than by fuppofing that feveral cubes formed of fand, inoiftened, and heaped up by the hand, are placed upon a table, at a little distance from one another; if we farther fuppofe, that repeated blows are given to the table underneath, while at the fame time it is fhaken violently in a horizontal direction, we may then form fome idea of the different motions with - which the earth was agitated on that occafion. Befides these transient fuccuffions, heaving up and down, and a kind of whirling motion alfo occurred, fo that it was utterly impoffible any edifice could refift their united influence; houfes and even whole villages were levelled in the fame inftant, their foundations appeared as if they had been ejected by the earth which contained thein; and the ftones

which compofed them were broken and thattered in a thoufand pieces. The general effect produced upon the argillaceous fandy foil of the plain was, that it acquired an augmentation of density by the diminution of its bulk, that declivities were formed where before precipices only exifted, that internal cavities were filled up, &c. The confequence was. that, throughout nearly the whole length of the chain, the foil which had been fupported by the granite of the mountains Caulone, Efope, Sagra, and Afpramonte, glided down the folid nucleus, leaving an opening feveral feet in breadth, and nine or ten miles in length. Thus whole fields have funk below their former level, without any of the furrounding fpots having experienced a similar change, and formed in this manner hollow bafons. Other portions of land have affumed an inclined form, while openings and fiffures appear interfecting hillocks and plains in every direction. Almoft at every step we met with fuch openings; but it was principally towards the borders of steep declivities, that the greatest confusion prevailed. Confiderable portions of foil, covered with vines and olive trees, were detached, and thrown down in a single mafs into the hollow of the vallies, defcribing arches of circles, having as radii the height of the declivities; in that cafe, the upper portions on which the trees ftood, were removed to a confiderable distance from their former fituation, and remained in a vertical position.

"It is proper to remark, that as the foil of the plain did not form a mass connected together in its parts, it was ill calculated to propagate motion, fo that its inferior portion received more than it communicated to the upper furfaces. Hence it is, that the lower parts have always fallen first, and gliding away, like fluids, from underneath the bodies fupported by them; these bodies funk by their own weight.

"When the projectile force communicated was unufually great, the foil was frequently carried over little hills, and tranfported to a confiderable distance beyond them. When the oppofite fides of a valley met, they frequently formed a kind of vault, or cradle. But the most common effect was, when the inferior bafe having given way, the fuperior foil had fallen perpendicularly, and fucceffively in large portions fo as to affume a pofition fimilar to the steps of an amphi theatre. The loweft ftep is fometimes three or four hundred feet below its first pofition.