pear superfluous. But it is not of much consequence whether they are verbs or prepositions, provided we understand how to use them. The best rule to be given is, that when the pure simple act of giving or making a present is signified, they are used without any other verb, as tévo átvo ia giate coy, I will give it to thee; and, in this case, either the past or the future tense must be used as the sense will best indicate. In respect to their junction with other verbs, it is generally either with verbs neuter, expressing motion towards, as to fly, to swim, to walk, to go, &c., or with such other verbs, the Tonga words for which may be used either as nouns or verbs, and being nouns, may be conceived to be transferred, or, at least, to be directed from one object towards another; thus ófa means, to love; also, love: jio means, to see, or look at; also, a look: ta means, to strike; also, a stroke, or blow, &c. as, Téoo o'fa angi giate ia: I shall love give to her; or, I shall love towards to her. Néoo jio átoo giate coy: He a look gave to thee; or he looked towards at thee. Na ta my ia giate au: He a blow gave to me; or, he struck towards at me. In these instances the words my, átoo, and angi are perhaps best translated as verbs of giving, transferring, or directing towards; but when they are joined with verbs of motion, they appear to assume more of the character of prepositions. Na boo'na a'too he ma'noo gilute coy: Flew towards the bird to thee; or, the bird flew towards thee. Néoo lelle angi gi he falle: I ran towards to the house. Na lélle my ia giate au: Ran towards he to me; or, he ran towards me. In both cases, the words my, átoo, and angi, immediately follow the verb or noun to which they belong, and if the agent of the verb be in the third person, whether a pronoun, a proper name, or any thing else, it always comes after átoo, my, or angi; as in two of the examples last given, he mánoo (the bird), follows átoo, and ia (he), follows my. They also form parts of compound words: as, talamy', talátoo, and talángi, which signify to tell, say, or disclose; but the first, from tála and my, means to inform me or us; the second, from tála and a'too, to inform thee, or you; the third, from tala, and angi, to inform him, her, them. As the words my, a'too, and angi, involve the idea of the person, the personal pronoun is often not expressed; as, my means, give to me, instead of saying, my gi'ate au. ADVERBS. Most of the adverbs are formed from adjectives by the addition of fucca (mode, or manner), or ange (like or similar to): when the former is used, it constitutes the first part of the adverb; when the latter is adopted, it forms the latter part for examples, : Mamáfa. Heavy. Lillé. Good. Malo'hi. Strong. Mamáfa-ánge. Heavily. Vy'-vy'. Weak. To'a. Brave. Vy'-vy'-ange. Weakly. Matta-matta tow. Warlike. Fucca matta-matta tow. In I'ta. Anger. Bibi'co. Lazy. a warlike manner. Fucca-i'ta. Angrily. Fucca-bibi'co. Lazily. In the formation of the greater part of adverbs that are thus derived these affixes may be used indifferently; or, to peak more explicitly, any of them may be formed by ange, used as a suffix, and the greater part by fucca, used as a VOL. II. CC prefix: but as fucca is often employed to form verbs and adjectives, as may be seen in the vocabulary by the list of words beginning with it, the adoption of it is not so safe as that of ange for instance, lillé means good; but fucca lillé means peace, peaceful, to make a peace; we must therefore say, lille' ange, for well. As there are several adverbs, chiefly those of time and place, which are not formed according to the foregoing rules, it would be well to subjoin a list of them. Gi-bo'too; tow-bo'too. On Tow botoo gi héna. On that Géhe. Differently; else Afé. When (in a future There are but few words that, strictly speaking, come under this head; and some of those that do are often not expressed. There are many others that partake so much of the nature of adverbs, that they are classed accordingly. My; a'too; angi. To, towards. The use of these has been already explained under the head of verbs. (See p. 383). My always precedes the first personal pronoun expressed or understood: d'too, the second personal pronoun: angi, the third, or any noun. Gi; gi'a; gi'ate. To, at, among. These three words have the same signification; but gi is used before nouns and proper names of places; gi'a before the proper names of persons, and giate before pronouns. Gi, and gila, also signify than, being used to connect the two terms of comparison: before the proper names of persons, gila must be used. Gi signifies likewise, against, opposite; and about, or concerning. Mo. With, along with, besides: it is also the conjunction and; it is, moreover, the pronoun you, your. Tai. Without; destitute of; not having. This particle is in very frequent use as a deprivative, joined to other words, like our particles in, un, il, less, &c.: it always precedes the word to which it is joined. O'fi. By; at hand; near to. Me. From; as, from Vavaoo to Lefooga. A. Of, or belonging to; but it is only used before proper names of persons and places; as, malanga a Tovbo', the speech of Toobo' he gna'too a Vavaoo, the gnatoo of Vavaoo Ma. For; it is very commonly used before the possessive pronoun, when adopted instead of the personal, as, instead of saying, my ia giate au, give it to me, we may say, my ia ma acoo, give it for my. INTERJECTIONS. In respect to these, we need only give a list of those that are in common use. Oiao! exclamation of surprise. Seoo'ke! of surprise or astonishment; the oo is dwelt long upon. Seooké! Seookéle! Oiaooé ! Of pity, pain, or distress, dwelling very long upon the e'. Oia'oo! the same as above; dwelling long upon the oo as well as the á. Aw-i! of pity, pain. Wo'i! of wonder. Wi! of disgust; fye! I'sa! of anger, vexation, and rage; dwelling long upon the i. Tangi möo'ni! a sort of oath; solemnly declaring the truth. Filamo-a'loo! begone; out of my sight. Né-né! no wonder. I'o! yes indeed; well. O'ooa! forbear; softly. |