person reminds another that both of them are to go somewhere to do something, &c.: as, we (i. e. thou and I), are going the wrong way; or, we (i. e. thou and I), are sitting here idle. In short mow is always used in this sense, viz. I and he, or I and they; and tow is always used in this, viz. I and thou, or I and you, or I, thou, and they, or I, you, and they, &c. 7. Mo, ye; now, they; there are no particular observations to make respecting these pronouns: for examples of their use; te mo a'loo, ye shall go; na now nofo, they remained; where it is seen they are placed between the sign of the tense and the verb. In regard to the second column of pronouns; they are used either in addition to the first, the better to identify the person by laying a greater stress; or to distinguish the dual from the plural number; or in answer to the question who? or as the subjects of a preposition. When a particular stress is intended to be laid, as I myself, thou thyself, &c. any of these pronouns may be used in addition to the corresponding ones in the first column, with the exceptions of au, aco'y, and ai'a; as, te'oo aloo gita, I will go myself; te ger aloo coy, thou shalt go thyself; ténne a'loo ia*, he shall go himself (for this last, see rule 4); so much for the singular number: in respect to the following, attention must be paid. to the circumstances of dual and plural numbers; if dual, those ending in oola are to be used; if three or more individuals are included, those ending in toloo must be adopted. In the first person dual and plural, attention must also be paid to the differences of signification : • If it were the past tense, as, he went himself, it would be na'i d'loo ia, for it would sound awkward to say, na a'loo ia ia therefore one of the pronouns is dropped, and the sign na changed into na'i: and it has already been mentioned that ndi may be adopted instead of na ia. See rule 4. VOL. II. BB between mow and tow (see rules 5 and 6); as, te mow a'loo gimo'wooa, we will go our (two) selves, (i. e. without you); te mow alloo gimowto'loo, we will go our (three or more) selves, (i. e. without you); te tow a'loo gito'wooa, we will go our two selves (i. e. you and I); te tow aloo gitowto'loo, we will go our (three or more) selves, (i. e. including the person spoken to, and others, so as to make at least the number three); te mo a'loo gimo'ooa, ye shall go ye (two) selves; temo aloo gimotoloo, ye shall go, ye (three or more) selves; te now uloo gino'wooa, they shall go, them (two) selves; te now a'loo ginowto'loo, they shall go, them (three or more) selves *. This rule, therefore, not only serves to strengthen the sense, but also to mark the dual and plural numbers where it is necessary to do so. In regard to these pronouns, as being used in answer to the question who? it must be observed, that some of them in the singular number must have the particle co before them, others must not: and those in the dual and plural numbers may either have it or not, according to the option of the speaker. Those which cannot have the particle co, are gita, aco'y, and aía; while those which must have it are, au, co'y, and ia: as, who did it? co au, I; co coy, thou; co ia, he or gita, I; acoy, thou; aia, he; without the co. Gita is seldom used but in very familiar conversation, and is rather to be considered a vulgarism. Any of those in the dual and plural numbers may be used either with or without co; care being paid to the circumstance of two or more, and to the habits of mow and tow. Whenever the preposition giate (to, towards), occurs before a personal pronoun in the singular number, it must be rendered into Tonga by those which, in the above rule, It may here be remarked that ooa, in these compound words, is the numeral two, and toloo the numeral three; but the pronouns compounded of the latter are used for an indefinite number of persons. had the particle co before them, though in this that particle will be omitted; as giate au, towards me; giate coy, towards thee; giate ia, towards him. In the dual and plural numbers they are all used in like manner; as, gi'ate gimo'wooa; gi'ate ginowtoloo, &c. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. These, in the singular number, do not seem to have much reference to the personal pronouns, except ai'a, his, which appears to be derived from ia, he. In the dual and plural numbers they are exactly the same as the personal pronouns of both classes; as, Indefinite plural, i. e. either dual or plural. Of these possessive pronouns some are used always before their substantives, viz. éoocoo, énne, mow, tow, mo, and now : as, évocoo mánoo, my bird; enne fo'ha, his son, &c. Two of them are only used after their substantives, viz. ow, thy; and ai'a, his; as gna'too ai'a, his gua'too; valca aow*, thy canoe. All the rest, viz. alcoo, ho, a'na, and those beginning with gi may be used either before or after their substantives, with this difference, that the last mentioned, viz. those beginning with gi, if they are put after their substantives, the gi is changed into a: and if alcoo, ho, and ana, are used after their substantives, a precedes them; thus, A'coo fa'lle; my house, or houses. Booa'ca aho'; thy hog. A'na to'gi; his axe, or axes. Gooʻli ano'wooa; their dog. Those among the above phrases which have living beings for their subjects may be converted in plurals by the use of the word too'nga, (see nouns); this word coming immediately before the noun; as, thy hogs, ho too'nga booalca, or too'n *When the pronoun ow is attached to a noun, the letter a must precede it, and thus it is converted into aow. See the following rule. ga booa'ca aho': their dogs, gino'wooa toonga gooʻli, or too'nga goo'li ano'wooa. The particle cow cannot be used for the same purpose. Those which have inanimate subjects are either singular or plural, as they above stand: they may, however, admit a specific plural by the addition. of the numeral, but in no other way. The possessive pronoun is sometimes used instead of the personal, particularly where the verbs, my and angi, are expressed; as, give it to him, ungi ia ma alna, i. e. give it for his own: give it to me; my ia ma a'coo, i. e. give it for my own: I will give it to you, téoo a'too ia ma ow, i, e. I will give it for your own. The pronouns possessive of the dual and plural numbers may also be used in the same way. One more observation must, however, be made, respecting the singular number, that those placed first on their respective lines cannot be used according to this rule, viz. doocoo, ho, and enne; unless some noun follows, and then these may, and not the others; as, give it for his dog, angi ia ma énne goo'li; not alna gooʻli; and so of the other two. Interrogative pronouns are the following, and are never used but as interrogatories. When they form part of a sentence, he ha and ahai are always put at the end; the others are always put in the beginning, as, Co hai na fy? Who did it? Coe ha te ger fili? Coe ha te ger fy? Which will you choose? |