to make any adequate allowance; and where opposite agents are exerting their influence, the effects produced will lead him to infer an inconsistency of character, or a constitutional instability, which will be at once erroneous in principle, and inapplicable to the people. These are among the anomalies to which all tourists are liable, and against which, nothing but a permanent residence and habitual observation can fully guard.

tion-without once halting, or pausing-without repeating, recalling, or mistaking a word; defects which frequently deform Mr. Peel's speeches. Brougham speaks as a good reader reads from a book. Nevertheless, it seems to me that you perceive only extraordinary talent, formidable pungent wit, and rare presence of mind:-the heart-warming power of genius, such as flows from Canning's tongue, he possesses, in my opinion, in a far lower degree."―vol. i. p. 20.

To enumerate the various topics to which the author turns his attention, would transform this review into a catalogue. His mind and eye must have been continually on the alert, to catch the evanescent spectice; yet among this great variety there is tacles which presented themselves to his noscarcely one that we could wish he had tom-house is thus described. omitted. The character of an English cus

"A larger mass of varied and manifold enjoyments may certainly be found in England, than it is possible to procure with us. Not in vain have

wise institutions long prevailed here. What especially soothes and gladdens the philanthropist is, the spectacle of the superior comfort, and more elevated condition in the scale of existence, universally prevailing. What with us are called luxuries are here looked upon as necessaries, and are diffused over all classes. Hence arise, even in the smallest and most ordinary details, an endeavour after elegance, an elaborate finish and neatness; in a word, a successful combination of the beautiful with the useful, which is entirely unknown to our lower classes."-vol. i. p. 4.

In the paragraph subjoined, the author's descriptive abilities appear to great advantage.

"I will first lead you to the seven sources of the Thames, which rises two or three miles from Cheltenham. After a long ascent, you come to some solitary grassy hills; on the top of these, under the shade of two or three alders, is a little group of plashy springs, which trickle away, forming, as far as the eye can follow them, an insignificant brook. Such is the modest infancy of the Thames. I felt the tide of poetry come over my mind, as I thought, how, but a few hours ago, and but a few miles hence, I had seen these same waters covered with a thousand vessels; how this glorious stream, in its short course, bears on its bosom more ships, more treasures, and more human beings, than any of its colossal brethren; how the capital of the world lies on its banks, and by her omnipotent commerce may be almost said to rule the four quarters of the globe. With reverential admiration I looked down on the gushing drops, and compared them-one, while with Napoleon, who, obscurely born in Ajaccio, in a few years made all the thrones of the earth to tremble;-then with the avalanche, which, loosened from its bed under the foot of a sparrow, in five minutes buries a village; then with Roths child, whose father sold ribbons, and without whose assistance, no power in Europe seems now able to carry on war."-vol. i. p. 6.

Of Lord Brougham, the reader will be pleased to peruse the following character, from the able pen of this German tourist.

"I had heard and admired Brougham before. No man ever spoke with greater fluency,-hour after hour, in a clear unbroken stream of eloquence,with a fine and distinct organ,-riveting the atten

"In the middle of the second night we anchored circumstance that can happen to a man. In consequence of the severity of the custom-house, he is not permitted to take his things on shore before they are inspected, and the office is not opened till ten in the morning. As I did not choose to leave my German servants alone with my carriage and effects, I was compelled to pass the night, almost dressed as I was, in a miserable sailor's tavern close to the river. In the morning, however, when I was present at the examination, I found that the golden key, which rarely fails, had not lost its efficacy here, and saved me from long and tedious delays. Even a few dozen of French gloves, which lay all in innocence upon my linen, seemed to be rendered invisible; nobody took any notice of them."vol. iv. p. 43.

Of these very entertaining volumes we must now take our leave. We have surveyed their multifarious contents with more than common interest, and, on comparing the observations of this enlightened tourist on similar scenes in foreign parts, with those in our own country, we cannot avoid exclaiming, in the language of Cowper,

“England, with all thy faults, I love thee still.”

REVIEW.-The Double Trial, or the Consequences of an Irish Clearing. A Tale of the present Day. In 3 Vols. 12mo. pp. 288-309-312. Smith and Elder. London, 1832.

THE narrative, which, like a parti-coloured yarn running through a cable, is almost too diminutive to be seen, loses a considerable portion of its interest, by the digressions, episodes, and excursions with which it is interrupted. Its materials are dealt out with a sparing hand, but all its incidents are turned to good account. In a collective point of view, we learn from these volumes how "The sterling bullion of one English line,

Drawn in French wire may through whole pages shine."

The accidental occurrences, however, behind which this tale so frequently takes shelter and finds repose, make no mean com

pensation for its suspension, although these are sometimes carried to such an immoderate length, that we feel half surprised, when, on a sudden, it starts from slumber, and becomes reintroduced to our eyes and ears. But the digressive incidents with which these volumes are enlivened, in addition to their intrinsic interest, derive an advantageous importance from the exemplification of Irish manners which they display. The following picture of security, at a principal hotel in the capital, is not badly drawn. Early in the morning, after a half sleepless night, Mr. Elrington and his companions were disturbed by a sudden noise.

"Immediately a tremendous discharge of firearms took place into the room. The door, at the next instant, that led into the hall, was burst open. Mr. Elrington was by this time fully aroused, and upon his guard; while, to the horror of the barrister, the unhappy and incautious appraiser dropped on the floor. Three men rushed into the room, and one was about to seize Mr. Elrington, when he recognized that gentleman. The man was also in the profession of the law, being one of those personages who is called a peace-officer; applicable enough to the phraseology of the sister kingdom. He knew Mr. Elrington as a magistrate; and in a strange, vague, confused way expressed his surprise.

What have you done?' said Mr. Elrington, 'you have fired wantonly into this room, and shot an innocent man, a stranger, an English gentleman, who came here on business. Is this the way to execute the laws, to murder his Majesty's peaceable subjects?' The men expressed their astonishment, and declared that they were informed that the persons whom they were in search of, were in that room.

"That I deny,' said the landlord, who now for the first time came in contact with Mr. Elrington; 'that I deny; I told you the right-hand room, and desired you not to fire. Did I not, Murphy,' said he, addressing himself to one of the men.

"Well, we must be after them,' said the leader, as if suddenly recollecting himself, and away they went in the contrary direction."-Vol. I. p. 36.

Of Irish hyperbole, the following observations may be considered as reasonable specimens.

"Yes, Mr. Puffeter, and a contemptible opinion they have of the oratory of strangers. I heard a hackney-coachman reply to a stranger, who had asked him if his carriage was clean? Clean, your honour, it would carry a bride, and her bride-maid, up and down through the whole city, and turn them out a pretty deal cleaner than when they first came into it.' A London shoeblack would be contented to tell you that he could give a polish to your shoes, that you might see your face in them; and Day, Warren, Turner, and Hunt, have certainly sent forth wonders in the way of comparative brilliancy and brightness; but a Dublin polisher told me that the lordlieutenant had not a plate glass in the Castle, though it had just been newly gilt and burnished, that shone like the polish from his essence of ebony. A master chimney sweeper declared, as an excuse for not sweeping a chimney clean;- Why the thing was out of the calculation of possibilities; for there was not a ray of intelligence from the top to the bottom, to throw a single beam into the spiral curve ;' i. e., as a common-place fellow would express it, there was not the least light in any part of the chimney."-Vol. I. p. 45.

Who can read the following description without sympathy? We should rejoice to learn that in had nothing but fiction for its

basis; but, alas! melancholy truth asks no assistance from the imagination.

"When I came here, three years ago, beyond these rising grounds, there was a pleasing village of cabins, in their simple state as you see them about the country; I suppose three hundred inhabitants. They had experienced, in the former year, a bad potato crop, and poverty pressed heavily upon them, and soon brought a lingering and quick-spreading fever. We gave them, occasionally, medicine and money; and as the winter proceeded, the cabins fell away, one by one, scarcely perceptible at first, till, during a very inclement spring, having lost sight of them, I found at length that the whole had disappeared. I mean to say, that, except a few stragglers, more hardy, though, perhaps, not more fortunate than the rest, the whole were destroyed by famine, and by disease occasioned through famine.

"These things are common in this country. Unless the law aided us, we cannot prevent them. The effort of every one here employed is, to increase the rental of the great landlord; according to that increase, we all gain in emolument. It has been now determined by my directors, that the patches of potato-crops shall be cleared away, and thrown into more regular farms. These poor ones are to have notice to quit. This is called the clearing system; and if at the end of their term, they go not away willingly, they will be made to go by the civil officers in the first place; and if they oppose, the military will be called to aid, and there will be a clearance made."-p. 9.

They

We cannot enter further into these volumes. Enough has been quoted to show their character. They contain many excellent observations; but, as a simple narrative of actual occurrences, they would have been more interesting, than in the novel form which they have assumed. place the condition of the Irish peasantry in a pitiable light, not by the magic of declamatory language, but by the great variety of appropriate incidents, which the author's resources and recollection of facts supply. If this work shall be so fortunate as to procure what it fully deserves, it will have many readers, who cannot fail to find in its pages something more valuable than

mere amusement.

REVIEW.-The Canadas, as they at present commend themselves to the Enterprise of Emigrants, Colonists, and Capitalists. Compiled from Original Documents furnished by John Galt, Esq. and other authentic Sources. By Andrew Picken. With a Map. 12mo. pp. 426. Effingham Wilson. London.

1832.

On this vast portion of British territory, the volume before us communicates a more than ordinary share of useful information. To the emigrating labourer and mechanic, it will be found of essential service, but by those who intend to colonize, and others who have large capitals to advance, its statements, calculations, and estimates, cannot be too highly prized.

It appears from a portion of the titlepage, that Mr. Galt was "late of the Canada Company, but now of the British Land Association." These situations en

able him to judge concerning the quality of the land in different districts, to point out its adaptation for various species of culture, and, in connexion with his topographical observations, to qualify him for the important task which in this volume he has undertaken to execute.

In addition to the qualifications of the author and compiler, as stated above, a considerable portion of the documents published in this volume are of an official nature; hence, they approach the reader with all the confidence which genuine authenticity can inspire. We are therefore taught to view this work as the joint offspring of ability and truth, which to all classes of emigrants are qualities of the utmost importance.

It must, however, be obvious, from the complexion of this volume, that agricultural pursuits are the principal objects which the compiler keeps in view, although the prospects and interests of handicraftsmen and mechanics are by no means overlooked. Soils, climates, capabilities, facilities, obstacles, intercourse, expenses, and capital required on any given scale, all enter into the general estimate. The means of travelling are also pointed out, and even the fares from place to place are distinctly specified. Nor is the humble husbandman forgotten. On his arrival, he quickly finds employment, and is amply remunerated for his services. But W. Clements, a daylabourer of Corsley, in Wiltshire, who emigrated to Canada, shall speak for himself. His letter is dated Port Talbot, Upper Canada, October 10, 1830.

"My dear father, I thank God I am got to the land of liberty and plenty. I arrived here on the 9th of July. I had not a single shilling left, when I got here. But I met with good friends that took me in; and I went to work at six shillings a day and my board, on to this day. And now I am to work on my own farm, of fifty acres, which I bought at 55l., and I have five years to pay it in. I have bought me a cow and five pigs."-Appendix, p. 34.

The following extract is from a letter written by James Treasure, a journeyman shoemaker. It is dated Yarmouth, Upper Canada, August 9, 1830.

"I plainly see there will be work enough, if I had two or three more hands. I have a great deal more than I can do now, and they tell me it will come in faster after harvest; but there is no possibility of getting hands. I have 13s. 6d. for making a pair of Wellington boots, the leather being found me. This will go nearly as far again in provisions here as at home. The price for making men's and women's shoes is both alike; 4s. 6d. for light, and 3s. 6d. for strong. They find their own thread too.

I can now save money very fast, and shall soon be able to buy my own leather, which will be more profitable."-Appendix, p. 35.

Several other letters are inserted, from glaziers, butchers, day- labourers, bricklayers, &c. These all concur in one general testimony, highly favourable to emigration; and furnish an almost indubitable assurance that the careful and industrious, whether belonging to agriculture or the mechanic arts, are sure to succeed. Laziness, without an abundance of money, should never emigrate, unless with a design to starve, and thus rid the world of a nui

sance.

With the multifarious contents of this volume we have been highly gratified. It presents important advice to all classes stores, travelling expenses, and delays, it who contemplate emigration. For passage, gives excellent directions, and happily ac

commodates its calculations to those whose means are limited to the sum of five or six pounds.

REVIEW. History and Character of American Revivals of Religion. By the Rev. Calvin Colton, of America. 12mo. pp. 310. Westley and Davis: London. 1832.

THE author of this volume is a warm advocate for religious revivals, though he does not attempt to vindicate those wild excesses which are sometimes associated with these very extraordinary excitements. Natural causes, he argues, are unable to produce the phenomena which are frequently apparent; and, from the intrinsic character of the effects, and the changes that are wrought in the lives of those who are the subjects of these operations, he infers, that it is only in Divine agency we can find their primitive source.

He readily allows, that the Almighty takes occasion to work at times through subordinate instruments, and in these he perceives the fulcrum on which may rest the lever that seems destined to lift the moral world. But his own words will best express his meaning.

"A host of ardent, devoted revival-men have been raised up in the school of former and later revivals, whose ranks are continually increasing, and who are becoming more and more experienced, and more and more successful. And every fresh revival, of any considerable extent, multiplies candidates for the ministry, who will never forget the day, nor the place, nor the circumstances, of their new birth; and who, after a suitable training and culture, themselves enter the field, and become active and efficient revival-men. The spirit of revivals is born into them, and bred with them, and makes their character. And so far as I know, the revivals which are now going over that country are principally brought about by such instru

mentality. The exceptions to this rule, I believe, are rare; and hence it may be expected, that they will continue and increase, till they shall have overspread the land; and, may it not be hoped, till they shall have overspread the nations and the world ?"-p. 9.

To meet the objections that have been, and may be urged against revivals, Mr. Colton has advanced many pointed and conclusive arguments. He very justly contends, that the Divine operations on the human spirit cannot be measured by any line of analogical reasoning that may be presumed to reach from earth to heaven. Theory, system, and public opinion, may all be against revivals, and, on some occasions, sense may complain that her territories are invaded; but, when these and other plausibilities have combined their force, they stand opposed by facts which no hardihood can deny, no sophistry evade.

common

In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, a flagitious sinner, remarkable only for his past iniquities, is cut to the heart, and, in an agony of soul, calls upon God for mercy. Soon that mercy which he seeks is found, and he rejoices in the God of his salvation. The remainder of his life cor

responds with this transformation of heart,

this moral revolution of character. Active in the cause of God, and obedient to his laws, he reaches the goal of his probationary existence, and dies in a triumphant assurance of a glorious immortality.

Till theory, system, and argument can fairly confront such facts as these, Mr. Colton need not be ashamed of revivals in religion, whether they occur on the eastern or western side of the Atlantic ocean.

No person acquainted with the writings of Dr. Doddridge, can for a moment doubt that he was an extraordinary man. His intellectual powers were of the highest order, his learning was extensive, his diligence was indefatigable, and his piety was of the most exalted character. All these distinguishing excellencies are conspicuous in his writings, and those who had the honour of his personal acquaintance readily bear testimony that his life was in perfect accordance with the productions of his pen. The letters evince that his correspondence was very extensive, that it was held with persons who understood their value, and that the subjects on which they were

written entitle them to the character which In these familiar compo

they sustain. sitions the attributes of the christian appear with brighter lustre than the resources of the theologian, or the intellectual energies of the man. Yet in many instances they furnish evidence of internal wealth, always ready for use, but never betray any indications of mental poverty. They are the productions of a mind which appears vigorous, without putting forth half its strength.

The meditations on sacramental occasions occupy a becoming station in the same humble, yet elevated region. They penetrate the inmost recesses of the mind, develop motives, watch the birth of thought, and trace it through various labyrinths to distant issues, and apparently unconnected consequences. In each of these the author's mind seems to labour under the awful responsibility of its charge, and to feel an internal consciousness that nothing can secure the spiritual strength it requires, but an habitual dependence upon the power

of God.

But excellent as the letters and medita

tions are, to the lectures on preaching they must yield the palm of superiority. In these we behold the pious Christian, the learned divine, the able teacher, and the liberal critic happily combined. They are not extended to any immoderate length, but they touch on almost every important topic, and contain observations which cannot be too highly prized. The students to whom they were primarily delivered, must have listened with deep attention, and correspondent interest, and many among them most unquestionably retained their influence to the end of their lives. Since their

publication they have been rendered highly beneficial to many young ministers, and there can be little doubt that they will continue to be so, while piety and learning can command respect.

REVIEW.-Grammar of the English Language, together with the Principles of Eloquence and Rhetoric. By Richard Hiley. 12mo. pp. 310. Simpkin and Marshall. London. 1832.

Iris a trite observation, but one, nevertheless, which is strictly true, that the radical principles of all grammars are the same. In subordinate particulars, they admit of considerable variation, and allow, in a greater or less degree, latitude or exceptions, subject to arbitrary rules, but the fundamental principles retain their immutability.