*rē t-us, -ûs [fē tu-] 4 mas. the produce (of animals), brood, progeny, offspring.

*fēt-us, -a, -um [fēt o-] adj. fruitful, teeming, pregnant (hence EFFETE means producing no more offspring; and so, worn out). fe l-ix, -icis [fe lici-] adj. fruitful, productive, successful, happy (hence FELICITY means happiness).

felici ter, adv. successfully, happily.

felic ius, adv. more successfully, more happily.

D.

av escère, no perf. no sup. [ūv e-] 3 incep. to be moist, to be wet. úv-a, -ae [uv a-] 1 fem. (the juicy fruit), a grape, a cluster of

grapes.

ūv id-us, -a, -um [ūv ido-] adj. moist, damp, wet.

ūd‐us, -a, -um [ūd o] adj.

s ūd-us, -a, -um (s ud o−) adj. (without moisture), dry, clear, bright; in neut. the bright sky.

The se or s at the beginning of this word is rather privative than merely negative, i.e. it implies the opposite.

12.

Exsudat inutilis humor.

A.

sūd ā-re, -vi, -tum [sūd a-] 1 int. and tr. to SWEAT, to perspire, to drip, to distil.

ex sudare, to sweat forth to EXUDE (as a gum does from a tree).

sūd-or, -ōris [sūd ōr-] 3 mas. SWEAT, perspiration.

B.

ūt i (ut or), ūs us [ūt-] 3 dep. to USE, to make USE of, to employ,

to enjoy.

us-us, -ûs [us u-] 4 mas. USE, practice, experience, need.

ūt il-is, -e [ut ili-] adj. fit for USE, profitable—USEFUL. in utilis, USELESS, unprofitable.

*These four words may also be spelled foe-.

ign escère, no perf. or sup. 3 intr. to take fire, to burn, to glow—

to IGNITE.

ign ĕ-us, -a, -um [ign eo-]
-] adj. of fire, fiery.

igni pot-ens, -entis [1gni potenti-] adj. fire-ruling (applied chiefly to Vulcan, the fire-god).

C.

coqu-ère, cox i (i.e. coq si), coc tum [coq-] 3 tr. to cook, to boil, to bake.

de coqu ĕre, to boil down; ex coqu ère, to boil out, to bake out.

Hence a DECOCTION is made by boiling a liquid down till it is greatly reduced in quantity, and therefore increased in quality or strength; and to CONCOCT is literally 'to boil all together,' and so 'to ripen or mature.' BIS-CUIT was originally 'twice-cooked,' or 'twice-baked,' and so in German they call it Zwie-back.'

còqu-us, -i [coqu o-] 2 mas. (he that cooks), a COOK.

D.

vit i-um, -i [vit io-] 2 neut. a fault, a defect-VICE.

vītiā-re, -vi, -tum [vitia-] 1 tr. to make faulty, to spoil-to

VITIATE.

viti ōs-us, -a, -um [viti ōso-] adj. full of faults, faulty—VICIOUS.

14.

Atque calor venas adstringit hiantes.

A.

ad, prep. with acc. to, in addition to.

at, conj. yet, to boot, but (in continuation, not in opposition).

at que or ac, conj. and to that, and besides, and.

C

B.

căl é-re, cal ui, no sup. [căl e-] 2 intr. to be hot, to glow.

căl-or, -ōris [cal ōr-] 3 mas. heat, warmth-CALORIC.

căl ĭd-us, -a, -um [căl ido-] adj. (full of heat), warm, hot, fiery, rash.

călě-făcĕre, –fēci, -factum, 3 tr. to make hot, to heat, to warm; -pass. calefieri (calefio), -factus.

C.

vēn-a, -ae [ven a-] 1 fem. a VEIN, an artery.

Hence blood from the veins is called VENOUS as distinguished from arterial blood; and the arrangement of the framework of the leaves of plants, as in ivy, ferns, &c., is called their VENATION.

D.

stri n g-ĕre, stri n x i [i.e string si] stric tum [strig-] 3 tr. to grasp, to press close, to graze, to squeeze, to tighten, to wring, to strip.

In order to STRAIN cheese, &c., we must squeeze and wring it tightly (but the same word STRAIN is now applied, though less correctly, to wine and other liquids which will not bear squeezing). A STRICT law is one which makes its STRAIN or pressure felt; a STRAIT or narrow road is closely pressed in on either side (and so the STRAITS of Dover), whilst one that STRETCHES onward in a direct line is properly called STRAIGHT; though this distinction is not generally observed. Some derive STREET from stricto-.

*a string ĕre, to tighten up (ASTRINGENT).

de string ĕre, to strip off, to unsheathe, to gently brush.

A DISTRICT was originally that space within which a lord had the power of unsheathing the sword of punishment,' and thence came to mean any clearly marked region or territory.

di string ĕre, to stretch apart, to occupy.

TO DISTRAIN is to wring out rent, &c., by process of legal sale from a debtor who will not or cannot pay in any other way.

per string ĕre, to graze against, to graze.

E.

hi ā-re, −vi, -tum [h1 a-] 1 intr. to GAPE, to yawn; so, in hi āre,

to gape after, to desire eagerly.

hiāt-us, -ûs [hiat u-] 4 mas. an opening—a GAP.

de-hi scère, -hi vi, no sup. 3 intr. to yawn, to split open, to part asunder.

* For this sense of in-, an-, ad-, or a-, see 9. A.

15.

Aut terram Boreae penetrabile frigus adurat.

A.

ǎl i-us, -a, -ud, gen. ǎl ius [ăl i— and ǎ1 io-] adj. other, different,

other (ELSE).

all ter, adv. in another way, otherwise.

ali as, adv. at another time.

ali bi, dat. adv. at another place―ELSEWHERE.

ali o, acc. adv. to some other place.

al-ter, -těra, -těrum [al těro-] adj. (the OTHER one out of two),

the second, the other.

aut, conj. (one of two), either, or.

s ōl-us, -a, -um, gen. -ius [s ōl o-] (without any other), aloneSOLE, only, SOLITARY.

Alone properly means all one, i.e. one and no more, one without any other, or only; so its history answers well to that of SOLO-. The s is privative, as in sudus, 11. D.

B.

torr ē-re, torr ui, tos tum [torr e, or tòr-] 2 tr. to DRY, to parch, to scorch (so TOAST is bread thoroughly dried before the fire). torr ens, entis [torr enti-] parching, raging, boiling; as subst. a

TORRENT.

torr id-us, -a, -um [torr ido-] adj. dried up, parched—TORRID. tes c-a, -ōrum [tes co- or tes quo-] 2 neut. pl. dry wastes, deserts.

test a, -ae [test a-] 1 fem. TOASTED clay, brick, tile, a potsherd, the tile-like shell of certain animals.

Hence called TESTACEOUS. A TEST is properly the baked or TOASTED crucible or cupel in which metals are TESTED.

test ū-do, -dinis, [test ūdōn-] 3 mas. a tortoise, a tortoise-shell, a shell of which each plate was a soldier's shield (made for shelter in attacking walls).

terr-a, -ae [terr a-] 1 fem. DRY land, the earth.

terr ēn-us, -a, -um [terr eno-] adj. of the earth, earthy (TERRESTRIAL).

C.

Borě-as, -ae [Borea-] 1 mas. the north wind-BOREAS.

Hyper bõre-i, -ōrum [Hyper bore o-] 2 mas. pl. the HYPERBOREANS, i.e. the dwellers beyond the north wind.

D.

pěn es, prep. with acc. in the hands of, in the power of, with. pěn itus, adv. far in, inwardly, deeply, thoroughly, utterly.

pěn etrā—re, —vi, -tum [pen etra-] 1 tr. to make one's way into-to

PENETRATE.

pěnetrā bīl–is, -e [penetrā bili-] adj. that can be pierced; also, piercing, PENETRATING (i.e. making its way in through everything).

pěnētrā l-is, -e [pěnětrā li-] adj. piercing, inward, inmost; subst. pl. pěnětrā lia, inmost chambers, a sanctuary.

The Scotch call an inner room a BEN'; a small house is said to be ' nothing but a but and a BEN,' i.e. a 'be-out' and a 'be-in'; where, by the bye, the conjunction but, i.e. 'be-out' (or without), has just the same origin and meaning as the substantive but.

Pěn āt-es, -ium, 3 mas. the PENATES; the gods of the inmost recesses of the house.

This derivation is uncertain.

Others connect Penates with penus, stores, and so make them 'gods of the storeroom.'

E.

ríg ē-re, ríg ui, no sup. [rïg e-] 2 intr. to be stiff, to be numbed, to stiffen.

frīg ē-re, no real perf. or sup. [frig e-] 2 intr. to shiver with cold,

to be cold.

frīg-ŭs, –õris [frig os-] 3 neut. cold, coldness, chill.

frig id-us, -a, -um [frīg ido-] adj. cold, cool, chilly—FRIGID.

re frīgĕr ā-re, −vi, -tum [rě frīgĕr a-] 1 tr. to cool (hence a REFRIGERATOR is the name commonly given to a cooling or freezing apparatus).

ūr-ĕre, us si, -tum [ūr- or ūs-] 3 tr. to BURN, to scorch.

ad ur ĕre (a compound of an-, up), to burn up, to burn a deep hole in; to nip, to freeze.