B 35-CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS.-The climate is very various, and is subject to extremes. The north is cold, and the winters are severe. Rye, wheat, flax, hemp, and tobacco are largely grown, and great numbers of sheep and cattle are bred in the south. The mineral wealth is great, gold being obtained from the Urals, and iron in all parts. The forests, which cover two-fifths of the country, are very valuable.

MANUFACTURES.-These are not of much importance, but they include leather, sailcloth, cordage, linen, and spirits.

The COMMERCE is very great, much of it being with England. The internal trade is carried on at fairs," the chief being that of Nig'-ni (nízh-ně) Nov-go-rod'.

The GOVERNMENT is an absolute monarchy, under an Emperor or Czar." The RELIGION is that of the Greek Church, but all forms are tolerated. The population is about 68 millions.

The people belong to many nations, and are the worst educated of any in Europe. The country is called Russia (rush'-she-ă), from the Rossi, a tribe of Norsemen who established themselves at Kiev, on the R. Dneiper, in the 9th century.

THE SEAS, &c., OF SOUTH AMERICA.

C 35-(1) THE SEAS OF SOUTH AMERICA.-The Atlantic receives the three principal rivers-the O-rin-o'-co, which drains the Llanos, the Am'-a-zon, which drains the Silvas, and the La Plata, which drains the Pampas.

The Amazon is the largest river in the world, and is about 4,500 miles long. At 400 miles from the sea, where the tide is felt, the river is a mile in width.

In the south are the Falk'-land Is., which belong to England, and Ter'-ra del Fu-e'-go, or land of fire-an island at the extreme south.

(2) THE PACIFIC receives no rivers of importance. Near the coast there are numerous islands, amongst which are the Chin'ca Is., from which large quantities of guano are obtained.

CLIMATE, SOIL, AND PRODUCTIONS.-Except in the south, the climate is very hot, and the soil is generally fertile. There are numerous wild animals, and the mountains are covered with forests almost to the snow line.

Gold, silver, and diamonds are found in Bra-zil', and coal and iron in other parts. Maize and coffee are largely grown.

Lesson 173.-Wednesday Morning. Work these Sums. (1) What is the interest of £4,268 17s. 9d. for 20 years, at 23 per cent? (2) What is the amount of £3,786 14s. for 17 years, at 4 per cent? (3) What is the interest of £796 18s. 7d. for 19 years, at 3 per cent? (4) What is the amount of £968 16s. 7d. for 10 years, at 4 per cent?

*(5) A, B, and C engage in trade. Their capital consists of £32, £64, and £75 respectively. They gain £19: what is each one's share?

Lesson 174.-Thursday Morn. Grammar. Write and Learn. Ex. 97. Analyse and Parse

I kept him for his humour's sake,

For he would oft beguile

My heart of thoughts that made it ache,

And force me to a smile.-/Cowper).

Ex. 98. What are relative and interrogative pronouns, and give examples? Ex. 99. COMPOSITION.-A clock or watch: what it is and its uses; its parts, and their uses; and the lesson it teaches.

Lesson 175.-Friday Morning.

Work these Sums.

(1) Required the interest of £460 12s. 6d. for 2 years and 4 months, at 5 per cent per annum ?

(2) What is the amount of £864 for 120 days, at 44 per cent per annum? (3) Divide £640 among A, B, and C, so that A will have double of B, and C half as much as A and B together.

*(4) In a garden are pear trees, apple trees, cherry trees, and there are 36 of other kinds: how many trees are there altogether?

History.-Write and Learn.-GEORGE III.-(Continued).

A.D. Napoleon Bounaparte, a young officer of artillery, rose to be the leader of the French. He attempted to occupy Egypt and Syria, in order to open a way to British India.

1798 His fleet was destroyed by Nelson in Aboukir Bay, at the Battle of the Nile.

1800 The French army was routed by Sir R. Abercrombie, and in 1802 the Danish fleet was destroyed by Nelson at Copenhagen.

1802 The Treaty of Amiens. between England, France, Spain, and Holland, ended the war.

1803 The French war was renewed, and in 1804 Napoleon was made 1805 Emperor. He prepared a large fleet to invade England, but it was destroyed by Lord Nelson off Cape Trafalgar.

1805 Napoleon gained a great victory over the Austrians at Austerlitz, and over the Prussians at Jena (yen'-na), 1806.

THIRTY-SIXTH WEEK.

Lesson 176.-Monday Morning. Learn.

PSALM LXXVI.; OR ELSE LEARN

THE SPANISH ARMADA-Continued).

At once on all her stately gates80 arose the answering fires; At once the wild alarum clash'd from all her reeling spires. 82 From all the batteries of the Towers 3 peal'd loud the voice of fear; And all the thousand masts of Thamess sent back a louder cheer: (55) And from the furthest wards was heard the rush of hurrying feet, And the broad streams of pikesse and flags rush'd down each roaring87 street:

And broader88 still become the blaze, and louder still the din, 89

As fast from every village round the horse9o came spurring in : 80. The gates of the city of London. 81. Anything giving warning-here the church bells. 82. Towers trembling under the sound and movement of the bells. 83. The ancient fortress of London. 84. Ships on the River Thames. 85. Divisions of the city. 86. Spears. 87. Because so many people were rushing about. 88. Spread further. 89. Loud noise. 90. Horsemen, soldiers on horseback.

Lesson 177.-Tuesday Morn. Geography. Write and Learn.

POSSESSIONS IN OCEANIA.

A 36-Australia, with New Zealand, and the islands that lie between the Indian Ocean and the middle of the Pacific, is often called O-ce-a'-nia. Australia is nearly as large as EUROPE, and is the largest island in the world. It has the Indian Ocean in the north and west, the Southern Ocean on the south, and the Pacific in the east.

The mountains run round the coast as in Africa. The highest are in the south-east, and are called the Australian Alps.

LESSON 177—Continued.

There are numerous bays and gulfs round the coast, and a great many sınall rivers flow into them. The only important river is the Mur'-ray, which flows into the Southern Ocean.

The northern part of Australia is hot. The south is temperate, and very healthy. The soil is fertile.

The chief towns are Mel-bourne, Ad'-el-aide', Syd'-ney, and Perth. Gold, copper, and lead are all found in the south-east. There are splendid pastures. The grasses, fruits, and plants of Europe grow plentifully.

Tas-ma'-ni-a, or Van Die'-men's Land, is a triangular-shapedis land, almost as large as Scotland. It lies to the south of Australia. The capital is Hobart Town.

Gold, wool, hides, tallow, and meat are exported.

EUROPE.-RUSSIA.-POLITICAL.

B 36-CHIEF TOWNS.-St. Pe'-ters-burg, the capital, on the Neva, was founded by Peter the Great, 1703. It has a great export trade in tallow, hemp, flax, grain, and timber. Mos'-cow, the former capital, is one great centre for the inland trade. Nish'-ni Nov'-go-rod is noted for its great fair, which lasts three months. Rev'-el and Ri-ga are ports on the Baltic, exporting timber. O-des'-sa is the chief port on the Black Sea, and exports immense quantities of grain. As-tra-khan' is the chief port on the Caspian, and is situated near the mouth of the Volga. War'-saw, on the Vis'-tula, was the capital of Poland. Se-bas'-to-pol, in the Crimea, was destroyed by the British and French in 1855.

We have great trade with Russia by means of the Baltic Sea in the
north, and the Black Sea in the south. They export hemp, corn,
flax, tallow, and timber, and in return we send the Russians a large
quantity of our chief manufactures.

The country is thinly populated. It is 17 times the size of the
British Islands, but contains not quite three times the population.

C 36-S. AMERICA-COUNTRIES AND CAPITALS.

Countries of

South America.

New Gran'-a-da.
Ven-ez-u-e'-la
Gui-a'-na (gee-ah'-nă)..
Bra-zil'

U'-ru-guay (ū'-rūū-gwă).
Pa-ra-guay (pă-ră-gwā').
La Pla'-ta..
Pat-a-go'-nia
Chi'-li (chil-ly)

Bo-liv'-i-a

Pe-ru'

Ec-ua-dor (ek-wa-dōr')

F

Capitals.

BOG-O-TA'.
CAR-AC-CAS'.
GEORGE TOWN.
RIO J-AN-EI-RO
(rë'ō jan-ā'-ro) S
MON'-TE VID'-E-Ó..
A-SUN'-CION

BUE'-NOS AY'-RES
(bo'-nus a'-riz)
No TOWNS.
SAN-TI-A'-GO
(san-ty-yah'-gō)
CHU-QUI-SA'-CA
(choo-ke-sah'-kah)
LI'MA (le'-mah).
QUITO (key'-tō)

Lesson 178.-Wednesday Morning. Work these Sums. (1) What is the commission on £1,243 19s., at per cent?

(2) What is the brokerage on £3,964 14s., at 1 per cent?

(3) I employed an agent to sell a quantity of goods, having agreed to give him per cent upon the sales, the goods having sold for £7,648: how much am I to pay him?

(4) If the rate of insurance be £2 8s. 6d. per cent, for what is a person insured who pays £2 17s. 9d.?

(5) If 2lbs. of sugar cost 086 of 12/-, what is the value of 0625 cwt. ? Lesson 179.—Thursday Morn. Grammar. Write and Learn.

Ex. 100. Analyse and Parse." With the truth of this conclusion, however, astronomy has little concern: all the effects of the atmosphere in modifying astronomical phenomena being the same, whether it is supposed of definite extent or not. (Herschel.)

Ex. 101. Show how adjectives are inflected and give a list of irregular adjectives.

Ex. 102. COMPOSITION.-Write about anything you like.

Lesson 180.-Friday Morning.

Work these Sums.

PROPORTIONAL PARTS.

(1) Divide £75 between A and B so that their shares may be as 2 : 3. *(2) Divide £7,200 among three men so that their shares shall be as 1:3:5 *(3) Three persons pay a total tax of £100 in proportion to the annual value of their property. A's property is worth £800 per annum; B's £600; and C's £400 how much has each to pay?

*(4) Divide £120 among A, B, and C, so that A gets three times as much a B, and C twice as much as A and B together.

History. Write and Learn.-GEORGE III.—Continued.

A.D. Up to this period many other important events in connection with England had taken place.

1789 The Irish rebelled. Seeing how the English had been defeated in America, they thought to gain their independence. They wer defeated at the battle of Vinegar Hill, near Wexford.

1801 To bring the two countries into closer connection, their parliaments were united in 1801. Thus was the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" completed.

1797 There was much discontent in England on account of high prices and heavy taxes. The fleets at the Nore and Spithead mutinied.

1799 The native princes in India caused great trouble. Warren Hastings, the governor-general, ruled well, but on account of some alleged acts of cruelty he was impeached. His trial lasted seven years, and he was at last acquitted (1818).

THIRTY-SEVENTH WEEK.

Lesson 181.-Monday Morning. Learn.

PSALM LXXXIV.; OR ELSE LEARN

THE SPANISH ARMADA-(Continued).

And eastward straight, from wild Blackheath the warlike errand 2 went (60) And roused in many an ancient hall the gallant squires of Kent. Southward, from Surrey's pleasant hills flew those bright couriers forth: High on bleak Hampstead's95 swarthy96 moor they started for the north: And on, and on, without a pause, untired they bounded still, All night from tower to tower they sprang; they sprang from bill to hill! 91. Now a part of London, on the south bank of the Thames, but then a 92. The beacon fires to rouse the country. 93. A gentleman po sessing considerable property in land, 94. Messengers, the beacon fires. 95. Hampstead Heath, north of London. 96. Dark, dismal.

moor.

Lesson 182.-Tuesday Morn. Geography. Write and Learn.

A 37-New Zealand lies about 1,000 miles south-east from Australia, and consists of two large islands, the North and South Island, and several smaller ones. They are, altogether, about the size of the British Islands, have a similar climate, with rich and fertile soil.

A range of snow-covered mountains runs from north to south. There are a great many rivers and lakes. R. Wai-ka-to (why-ka'-to) in North Island, and R. Mol'-y-neux' (mol'-ě-no') in South Island are the most important. The chief minerals are gold, coal, silver, and iron.

The colonists are mostly engaged in agriculture, sheep farming, and mining. The exports are wool, gold, gum, flax, and timber.

Wel-ling'-ton, on the S. coast of North Island, is the capital. Auck ́-land, on the N.E. coast, is a chief port.

Nel-son, Christ' Church, and Dun-e'-din are the chief towns in South Island.

These islands were made a British colony in 1840. They contain a population of about 300,000,

The Fiji (jë'jë) Islands, in the Pacific Ocean, about 1,200 miles north of New Zealand, were placed under British rule, by the native king, in 1874. There are two principal islands, and a number of small ones. The exports are cotton, coffee, sugar, and tobacco. The natives are warlike, and were formerly cannibals.

EUROPE. THE SCANDINAVIAN PENINSULA.-PHYSICAL.

B 37-Norway and Sweden cccupy the Scandinavian Peninsula. They are now united under one sovereign.

BOUNDARIES.-North by the Arctic Ocean, west by the Atlantic and the North Sea, south by the Skag-er Rack and the Baltic, and east by the Baltic and Russia.

SURFACE. Norway is covered with mountains, the chief range is called the Do'-vre Field in the centre, and the Ki-o'-len Mts. (ke-o'-len) in the north. Sweden is in general low and level, but receives many spurs from the Dovre Field.

RIVERS.-The Got'-ha, from Lake Wen'-ner, flowing into the Cat'-tegat; the Dal, U'-me-a, and Tor'-ne-a, into the Baltic, all in Sweden. The Glom'-men, into the Skag'-er Rack from Norway. Owing to the mountains being so near the coast, Norway has few rivers. The coast is deeply indented with "flords," like the west coast of Scotland. The lakes are numerous.

CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS.-Not a very severe climate, summers short and warm, winter lasts seven months. Nearly three-fourths of the country is covered with forests. The wealth of the country is derived from the forests, which cover four-fifths of the country, the mines, and the fisheries. Shipbuilding is the principal manufacture, and iron and copper are the chief minerals. The Lof-fo'-den Isles, off the west coast, are noted for their fishing.

SOUTH AMERICA-BRAZIL, &c.

C 37-Bra-zil' is an immense empire occupying the greater part of S. America.

It is in part a great plain, sloping towards the Atlantic, and across which several ranges of low mountains run. It includes the district of the Silvas, the greater part of the basin of the Amazon, and the sources of the Pa-ra'-na and the Pa-ra-guay'.

The climate is delightful, almost continuous summer, and the soil fertile. It is exceedingly rich in mineral wealth, gold, silver, and diamonds being found in all parts, but especially in the uplands and in the sources and beds of the rivers. The vegetable productions are also very valuable, including sugar, cotton, rice, coffee, maize, cocoa, and tobacco. Horses and eattle are so abundant, they are killed for their hides and tallow.