lic, in relation to matters appertaining to their profession; as for example, on subjects of medical police, public hygiene and legal medicine. It is their province to enlighten the public in regard to quarantine regulations, the location, arrangement and dietaries of hospitals, asylums, schools, prisons and similar institutions; in relation to the medical police of towns, drainage, ventilation, etc., and in regard to measures for the prevention of epidemic and contagious disease. And, when pestilence prevails, it is their duty to face the danger, and to continue their labors for the alleviation of suffering, and the saving of life, even at the risk of their own lives.

Physicians should always be ready, when called on by the proper authorities, to enlighten coroners' inquests and courts of justice, on matters strictly medical, such as involve questions relating to insanity, legitimacy, or sudden and violent deaths, and in regard to the various other subjects embraced in the science of medical jurisprudence. But, in these cases, and especially where they are required to make post-mortem examination, it is just and right, in consequence of the time, labor and skill required, and the responsibility and risk they incur, that the public should award them more than a mere consulting fee.

There is no profession, by the members of which eleemosynary services are more freely dispensed than they are by physicians; but justice demands that some limits should be placed to the claims upon such offices at their hands. Poverty, professional brotherhood, the benevolent and scantily remunerated occupation of the individual patient, should always be recognized as presenting valid claims for gratuitous services. But neither

institutions endowed by the public or by rich individuals, societies for mutual benefit, for the insurance of lives or for analogous purposes, nor any profession or occupation can be admitted to possess such privilege. Nor can it be justly expected of physicians to furnish certificates of inability to serve on juries, or perform military duty, or to certify to the state of health of parties wishing to insure their lives, obtain pensions or the like, without a pecuniary acknowledgment. But to indigent persons, such professional service should always be cheerfully and freely accorded.

The benefits accruing to the public, directly and indirectly, from the active and constant labors and beneficence of the medical profession are so numerous and important that physicians are justly entitled to the utmost consideration from the community. The public ought, likewise, to entertain a just appreciation of the proper qualification of a practitioner of medicine; to make a due discrimination between true science and the assumption of ignorance and empiricism; to afford every encouragement and facility for the acquisition of medical education, and not to allow the provisions of their statute books or of the prospectus of their chartered institutions to interpose any obstacle to the attainment of the fullest knowledge of every branch of medical science, or, in any way, to restrain the most entire freedom of thought, investigation and action in matters appertaining to the practice of medicine.

APPENDIX.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

READINGS IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE.

BERDOE, EDW. The Origin and Growth of the Healing Art. Swan, Sonnenschien & Co., London. 1893.

BOOTH, EMMONS R. History of Osteopathy.

1907. $3.

Cincinnati.

KING, WM. H. History of Homeopathy. Lewis Pub. Co., Chi

cago. 1905.

MACFIE, R. C. The Romance of Modern Medicine. Cassell. 1907. $1.75.

MOON, R. O. The Relation of Medicine to Philosophy. Longmans, Green & Co., 1909. $1.50.

MUMFORD, JAMES G. A Narrative of Medicine in America. Lippincott. 1903.

OSLER, WM. The Alabama Student and Other Essays. Oxford Press. 1908. $2.

PARK, ROSWELL. An Epitome of the History of Medicine. Davis. 1899. $2.

WALSH, JAMES J. Lives of Eminent American Physicians of the Nineteenth Century. Fordham University Press.

1907. $2.

WILDER, ALEXANDER. A History of Medicine. Scudder. $3. BROWNE, SIR THOMAS. Religic Medico.

OSLER, WM. Equanimitas and other Addresses. Blakiston, Philadelphia. 1906. $2.25.

ADAMS, J. H. Life of D. Hayes Agnew. F. A. Davis & Co. 1892.

BLAKIE, WM. G. David Livingstone. London. 1903.

DUNCAN, NORMAN. Dr. Grenfell's Parish. Revell. 1905. $1. KELLEY, HOWARD A. Walter Reed and Yellow Fever. Double

day. 1906. $1.50.

LLOYD, JOHN. Biographies of Physicians and Surgeons. J. H. Beers & Co. Chicago. 1908.

MEARS, J. E. Memoir of John Shaw Billings. Philadelphia.

1913.