CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I. THE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE OF THE

PENTATEUCH....

Meaning and origin of 'Pentateuch.'

.PAGE I.

I.—INTERNAL UNITY. In subject matter-In religious spirit.

II. INORGANIC CHARACTER: DEUTERONOMY AN ACCRETION. Early

histories, compositions—Pentateuch of this nature-Deuteronomy

a separate work-Handles the history freely-Legislative omis-

sions-Changes in laws-Some serious, e.g., position of Levites—

And unification of worship-New institutions-Different state of

society-Higher morality-Loftier religion-Unique style-Later

period.

III.-COMPOSITE FORMATION OF OTHER BOOKS.

-Leviticus-Numbers.

IV. DUAL AUTHORSHIP.

Genesis-Exodus

Minor traces of composite character-

Differences of style-Coincident with use of 'God' and 'The

Lord' (Elohim and Jehovah)—With change in subject matter—

With changed point of view-Two documents plain in Genesis.

V.-TESTS OF DUAL AUTHORSHIP. Explains confusions-Deluge,

etc.-One history extricable in partial completeness.

VI. SUMMARY. Three hands thus traceable-Theories of critics as

to other hands-All blended in our Pentateuch.

CHAPTER II. -THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE PENTA-

TEUCH...

.PAGE 28.

1.-GROUNDLESSNESS OF TRADITIONAL THEORY. Mosaic author-
ship limited by composite character-Rendered improbable by it-

What are its grounds? (1) Pentateuch does not claim it.
(2) Pre-
exilian books do not support it. (3) Post-exilian books do, thus
dating origin of tradition. (4) New Testament does not validate
it-Christ's language.

II. INDICATIONS OF NON-MOSAIC AUTHORSHIP, IN PENTATEUCH.

(1) Work quoted of later date than Moses. (2) Historical, geo-

graphical, archæological hints of later date. (3) Expressions im-

probable from Moses. (4) Omissions ditto. (5) Historical re-

duplication ditto. (6) Historical discrepancies ditto. (7) Omissions

in the Deuteronomic code ditto. (8) Repetitions of legislation

ditto. (9) Discrepancies and contradictions in legislation ditto.

(10) Legislation for post-Mosaic ages. (11) Legislative develop-

ment impossible in life-time of Moses. (12) Language of Penta-

teuch of late period.

III. HEBREW HISTORY DENIES EARLY EXISTENCE OF LEVITICAL

LEGISLATION. (1) Fundamental ideas of Cultus, one sanctuary,

etc., absent in early periods. (2) Essential spirit contradicted by

actual religion. (3) Attitude of prophets toward established re-

ligion proves it not Mosaism. (4) Levitical legislation cap-stone

not corner-stone of Israel's polity.

IV.-SUMMARY. A fair case against Mosaic authorship.

CHAPTER III.—THE GROWTH OF THE PENTATEUCH,

AND THE RE-CONSTRUCTION WROUGHT BY THE

NEW CRITICISM...
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Pentateuch the work, not so much of individuals as, of a people.
I. PERIOD OF ORAL TRADITION. First form of people's knowl-
edge-Contents of-Unconscious action of imagination--Begin-
nings of law preserved by tradition.

II.-EARLY LITERARY PERIOD. First essays at writing-At history

-Probable influence of Moses in developing history and law—

Schools of the prophets nurseries of literature-Jehovist history

(ninth century B.C.).

III.—ORIGIN Of Deuteronomy. Triumph of prophetic reformers

under Josiah-Discovery of Book of the Law-Our Deuteronomy
(624 B.C.).

IV.-INFLUENCES OF EXILE AND THEIR OUTCOME IN LITERATURE.

Social conditions for transformation of religion-Spiritual dis-

cipline-Intellectual influence-Chaldean Lays of the Beginnings

-Influence of Babylonian institutions and law-Institutionalizing

of Jehovism completed-Priestly history of Hebrew origins (Elo-

histic narration)-Fusing of prophetic and priestly histories in one

sacred book (444 B.C.).

V.-BEARINGS OF THIS THEORY OF THE PENTATEUCH ON THE

NATURE OF ITS HISTORIES. Point of view for larger problems.

(1) Human books. (2) History not first-hand, thus lacking exact-

ness. (3) Miracles thus lacking evidence. (4) Historic substance

not affected. (5) Key to passages offending moral sense. (6) To

passages offending religious reverence. (7) To unscientific repre-

sentations of divine action. (8) Reality of revelation through

Moses. (9) Revelation the historic growth of human conscious-

ness, an inspiration.

VI.-NATURE OF JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY AS NECESSITATED

BY TRADITIONAL VIEW OF PENTATEUCH. (1) Natural order of

growth in other religions—Fetichism—Nature-worship—Polytheism

-Monotheism-Institutionalism. (2) No such development in

Israel. (3) Supernatural priesthood at basis of religion, foreclos-

ing free life and progressive thought-Revelation an external com-

munication of truth, stereotyping orthodoxy. (4) Christianity

patterned after Judaism. (5) Divorce thus created between Chris-

tianity and ethnic religions, between religion and life.

VII.-TRUE NATURE OF JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY AS DETER-

MINED BY NEW CRITICISM. (1) Israel's religious history a natu-

ral development. (2) Original Christianity resuming progressive

development of prophetism. (3) Essential Christianity a free re-

ligion. (4) Antagonizes no real religion but interprets all. (5)

Harmonizes all truth and life.

VIII. THE PENTATEUCH A CATHEDRAL GROWING THROUGH

CENTURIES, FOR THE WORSHIP OF GOD IN HISTORY.

CHAPTER IV.—THE PRIMEVAL SAGAS.... PAGE 116.

Inevitable contents of a Hebrew Book of Beginnings-Original

arrangement of Genesis.

I.—THE CREATION. Cosmogonies-Growth of Hebrew cosmogony
-Affiliation with Chaldean cosmogonies-Characteristics-True

ase.

II. PRIMEVAL MAN. Contents-Growth-Legends of other peoples
-Symbols thus interpreted-Tree of Life Of Knowledge of Good
and Evil-Serpent-Cherubim-Flaming sword-Character and
meaning of Saga-Uses.

III.-GENEALOGY OF SHEMITES. Races and demigods-Enoch a

solar-myth.

IV. THE DELUGE.

Two-fold account-Legendary character-
Parallels among other peoples-Chaldean version—Growth—Ethi-
cal character-Nature of Divine Judgments—Noah and vine.
V.—GENEALOGICAL TABLES. Character and origin of―Nimrod—
Tower of Babel-Origin-Ideas-How far correct?

CHAPTER V.-THE TRADITIONS OF ABRAHAM.

PAGE 144.

Character of Patriarchal traditions-Prehistoric memories-Legends
-Tribal personalities-Personifications of nature-Real men-Eth-
ical incongruities—Backward reflection of Messianic expectation.

Migration of Terahites-Call of Abram-Migration to Egypt, and

deceit about Sarai-Abram and Lot-Abram as a warrior-

Abram's vision--Ancient forms of contract-Hagar and Ishmael—

Patriarchal polygamy-Angels in Hebrew tradition—Origin and

significance of circumcision-Legend of Sodom-Abram's inter-

cession-Spiritual character of Hebrew traditions-Lot's daughters

-Sarai and Abimelech-Tree and stone worship among Hebrews

-Taken up into Jehovism-Sacrifice of Isaac-Historic signifi-

cance-Abolition of human sacrifices.

CHAPTER VI.-THE TRADITIONS OF ISAAC.

PAGE 175.

Paucity of Explained as type of domesticity-Yet hints of warlike
character-Explained as tribal hero-Hero of the Simeonites-
Glory obscured in declension of tribe.

Isaac and Rebekah-Light cast on primitive society-Genealogies of
Ishmael, etc.

CHAPTER VII.-THE TRADITIONS OF JACOB.

PAGE 182.

Hebrew hero-Dramatic form-Blending of ideals-Tribal charac-
ter-Second Hebrew migration.

Jacob and Esau-Memories of Isaac-Fraud for birthright-Literary

character of story-Ethical do.-Vision at Bethel-Historic signifi-

cance-Characteristics of story-Jacob and Laban-Ethical feat-

ures-Return from Harran-Wrestle by Jabbok-Spiritual experi-

ence-Growth of legend-Significance of-Meeting with Esau—

Beginnings of civilization-Dinah's betrayal-Historic bearings-

Fragments of traditions-Jacob's story centres in the divine edu-

cation of man.

CHAPTER VIII.-THE TRADITIONS OF JOSEPH.

PAGE 210.

Silence as to other sons of Jacob-Joseph an historic personality—
Head of House-Tribal hero of Ephraim-Shared its pre-emi-
nence-Idealization of its virtues-Dramatic form.
Joseph and brethren-Dreams-Judah and Tamar-Curious social
survival-Potiphar's wife-Advancement in Egypt-Coming down
of brothers, etc.-Mystification-Literary character-Moral and
religious aim
- Hebrew migrations - Joseph's administration-
Revolution in land tenure-Ethical character of Jacob's blessing
-Shiloh-Closing scenes of Jacob and Joseph.

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CHAPTER IX.-CONCLUSION

....

PAGE 237.

Contents of Genesis-Character of traditions-Genesis a human

book-Interest of it-Place in Biblical revelation-Hints to parents

for use of.